Engineering:AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle

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Short description: Taiwanese advanced jet trainer
"Yung Ying" redirects here. For the regional army unit in the Qing dynasty, see Yong Ying.
T-5 Brave Eagle
A1 Prototype
General information
TypeAdvanced jet trainer/ light attack
National originTaiwan
ManufacturerAerospace Industrial Development Corporation
Designer
Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation and National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology
Management and usageRepublic of China Air Force
Number built4 prototypes and 43 serials (March 2025)[1]
History
Manufactured2020-Present
Introduction date2021[2]
First flightJune 10, 2020[3][4]
Developed fromAIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo

The AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle (Chinese: 勇鷹; pinyin: Yǒngyīng) is a Taiwanese transonic advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft developed by the Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC).

Development

XAT-5 model displayed by AIDC in 2015
former Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen sits in a prototype at rollout

Advanced Jet Trainer Program

The Advanced Jet Trainer Program (AJT) began in the early 2000s as the Republic of China Air Force sought a replacement for its fleet of AIDC AT-3 and Northrop F-5 advanced trainers with 66 newly built aircraft. Three designs were proposed, a modernized, upgraded version of AT-3 branded as the AT-3 MAX, an evolution of the AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-Kuo combat aircraft to be called the XAT-5, or the Italian Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master.[5] In 2014 AIDC signed a memorandum of understanding with Alenia Aermacchi to assemble the M-346 in Taiwan. The engines of all M-346 are assembled in Taiwan by International Turbine Engine Company (ITEC), a joint partnership of Honeywell and AIDC.[6] The MOD also evaluated the South Korean KAI T-50 Golden Eagle aircraft.[7]

In 2017 it was announced that the XAT-5 had won the tender with development and production to be undertaken by a partnership of AIDC and the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology with delivery scheduled to begin in 2026. Four prototypes are to be produced and the total program cost is projected to be TWD68.6 billion (US$2.2 billion).[8]

Naming

AIDC had used Blue Magpie, for the Taiwan blue magpie, as the project name. However in 2018 the Ministry of National Defense announced a contest to pick an official name for the aircraft. Taiwanese citizens were invited to submit a name with a short proposal with the winner receiving a NTD 30,000 prize.[9] On 24 September 2019, the president Tsai Ing-wen officially named the new aircraft "Brave Eagle" (Yǒngyīng) during first prototype aircraft roll-out ceremony.[10][11]

Production

AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle production

In 2017, the United States approved the export of components for 132 Honeywell/ITEC F124 engines for the XAT/AT-5.[12] In 2018, AIDC announced that the first prototype would be rolled out in September 2019 with flight tests to start in June 2020.[13] In 2019 Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense testified to the country’s legislature that the maiden flight is scheduled for June 2020, small scale production is to start in November 2021, and mass production is scheduled to commence March 2023.[14]

In September 2019 A1, the first of four prototypes, was rolled out by Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen.[15]

In March 2021 AIDC announced that they had completed internal flight tests and that testing of the two prototypes and the two initial aircraft due to be delivered by the end of the year would be conducted by the Taiwanese Air Force from then on.[16] A number of internal and operational test flights were completed in July 2021 from Taitung Air Base with some operations occurring over the Pacific Ocean.[17]

The first production model T-5 had its first flight on October 21, 2021.[18] The first production model has the serial number 11003.[19]

Design

The design is based on the AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo and shares the same engines, but has 80% new components including a composite body. Compared to the F-CK-1, it will have more advanced avionics, increased fuel capacity, and will be a little larger.[20] The aerofoil is slightly revised, with the wings being thicker than on the F-CK-1[21] in order to increase stability at low speed and low altitude, as well as to provide increased fuel storage.[15] The ram air scoop of the F-CK-1 has been redesigned in partnership with the Eaton Corporation with two aluminium laser powder bed fusion printed parts replacing 22 original parts.[22] Meggitt will supply the main wheels, carbon brakes and brake control systems as they do on the AT-3 and F-CK-1.[23] Martin-Baker will provide the ejection seat systems.[24] More than 55% of its components are made in Taiwan. It has been reported that the aircraft was designed from the beginning to serve dual peacetime training and wartime combat roles.[25]

Avionics and sensors

NCSIST is developing an airborne AESA radar for the T-5 Brave Eagle but private Taiwanese firm Tron Future Tech has also bid their gallium nitride based AESA for the program.[26] In 2019 it was announced that Pyras Technology would supply the radar and communications antennas for the platform.[15]

Variants

In 2019 Jane's reported that a light fighter AT-5 variant was planned to replace the Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II fleet.[27]

Incidents

On 15 February 2025, the T-5 was involved in its first aviation incident. Both engines failed, and the sole occupant parachuted to safety as the aircraft crashed into the sea five nautical miles from Taitung City. The ROCAF grounded the T-5 fleet and began an investigation as pilot Lin Wei was treated at Mackay Memorial Hospital's Taitung Branch.[28] Retired Lieutenant General Chang Yen-ting and Shu Hsiao-huang, an associate research fellow at the Institute for National Defense and Security Research, opined that a broken fan blade from one of the plane's engines striking the other could have caused both engines to fail.[29] The plane's flight data recorder was recovered in March.[30]

Operators

Template:TWN-ROC
  • Republic of China Air Force – 43 delivered as of March 2025 of 66 planned[1]

Specifications

Data from Airforce technology.[31]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two
  • Length: 14.5 m (47.6 ft)
  • Wingspan: 9.2 m (30.3 ft)
  • Height: 4.39 m (14 ft 5 in)
  • Empty weight: 4,500 kg (9,921 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Honeywell/ITEC F124-200TW turbofan, 27.8 kN (6,250 lbf) thrust each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 1,030 km/h (640 mph, 556 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 1,013 km/h (629 mph, 547 kn)
  • Range: 1,350 km (839 mi, 729 nmi)
  • Ferry range: 1,350 km (839 mi, 729 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 13,000 m (42,651 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 48 m/s (9,500 ft/min)

Armament

  • Hardpoints: 2 with provisions to carry combinations of:
    • Missiles: Sky Sword I, AIM-9 and AGM-65
  • Prototype at rollout
    Prototype at rollout
  • A1 Prototype rollout
    A1 Prototype rollout
  • ROCAF T-5 in 2020
    ROCAF T-5 in 2020
  • ROCAF T-5 (1126) in 2025
    ROCAF T-5 (1126) in 2025
  • Basic flight trainer
    Basic flight trainer
  • T-5 underside
    T-5 underside

See also

  • Defense industry of Taiwan

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lu, Tai-cheng; Yeh, Joseph; Lin, Sean; Chao, Yen-hsiang (13 March 2025). "Flight data recorder of crashed jet trainer recovered". Central News Agency. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202503130017. 
  2. ↑ "Taiwan receives first-production T-5 advanced trainer". Janes. 2021-11-30. https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/taiwan-receives-first-production-t-5-advanced-trainer. 
  3. ↑ Mu-chuan, Su; Yeh, Joseph (10 June 2020). "New indigenous trainer jet conducts first test flight in Taichung". https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202006100008. 
  4. ↑ Yu, Matt; Lim, Emerson (22 June 2020). "Tsai lauds Taiwan's aerospace industry as Brave Eagle takes off". https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202006220007. 
  5. ↑ Minnick, Wendell (14 August 2015). "Taiwan Exhibits New Fighter Trainers at Expo". Defense News. https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2015/08/14/taiwan-exhibits-new-fighter-trainers-at-expo/. 
  6. ↑ Wendell Minnick and, Tom Kington (10 August 2016). "Taiwan Advanced Jet Trainer Nears Bidding Process". Defense News. https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2016/08/10/taiwan-advanced-jet-trainer-nears-bidding-process/. 
  7. ↑ Pocock, Chris. "Taiwan Confirms Indigenous Jet Trainer Development". The Convention News Company, Inc.. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-02-16/taiwan-confirms-indigenous-jet-trainer-development. 
  8. ↑ J.R. Wu and Michael Perry, Damon Lin (7 February 2017). "Taiwan to build 66 jet trainer aircraft by 2026 to bolster defenses". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-defence-idUSKBN15M0KB. 
  9. ↑ Yeh, Joseph. "Military launches naming contest for its new jets". Focus Taiwan. http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201811270008.aspx. 
  10. ↑ "Advanced Jet Trainer Rollout Ceremony". AIDC. 24 September 2019. http://www.aidc.com.tw/en/News/386. 
  11. ↑ "Taiwan unveils prototype of indigenous advanced jet trainer". Focus Taiwan (Central News Agency). 24 September 2019. http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201909240008.aspx. 
  12. ↑ "Trade Registers". SIPRI. http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  13. ↑ Grevatt, Jon. "Taiwan starts production of XAT-5 prototype". Janes. https://www.janes.com/article/80587/taiwan-starts-production-of-xat-5-prototype. 
  14. ↑ Liao, George (3 April 2019). "Taiwan plans to start mass-producing trainer aircraft in 2023". Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3672539. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Choo, Roy. "Picture: Taiwan unveils "Brave Eagle" AJT". Flight Global. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-taiwan-unveils-brave-eagle-ajt-461064/. 
  16. ↑ Yu, Matt; Yeh, Joseph. "New trainer jets to enter operational test phase". Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202103020011. 
  17. ↑ "Chinese spy ship and US destroyer seen near Taiwan". Taipei Times. 15 July 2021. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/07/15/2003760889. 
  18. ↑ Strong, Matthew (21 October 2021). "Taiwan's domestically produced 'Brave Eagle' jet trainer makes debut flight". Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4321382. 
  19. ↑ Cheng-yu, Yang; Chin, Jonathan. "New missile and defense systems to arrive by 2028". Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/10/23/2003766624. 
  20. ↑ Banks, Martin (May 2019). "In Face of Chinese 'Aggression' Taiwan Beefs Up its Own Defenses". International Policy Digest. https://intpolicydigest.org/2019/05/01/in-face-of-chinese-aggression-taiwan-beefs-up-its-own-defenses/. 
  21. ↑ "Taiwan to purchase 66 advanced training airplanes". Janes. https://www.janes.com/article/73223/taiwan-makes-progress-with-new-jet-trainer-male-uav. 
  22. ↑ "Eaton Uses Additive Manufacturing to Supply Parts to Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation". Yahoo. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/eaton-uses-additive-manufacturing-supply-050000932.html. 
  23. ↑ Staff Writer, DP. "Meggitt Begins Delivery of Braking Systems for Taiwan's AIDC XAT-5 Blue Magpie Advanced Jet Trainer". Def Post. https://defpost.com/meggitt-begins-delivery-of-braking-systems-for-taiwans-aidc-xat-5-blue-magpie-advanced-jet-trainer/. 
  24. ↑ Staff Writer (14 December 2017). "AIDC, Martin-Baker sign deal on AJT ejection seats". Taipei Times. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2017/12/14/2003683921. 
  25. ↑ Joseph Ye, Matt Yu and. "New trainer jets also viable in wartime: scholar". Focus Taiwan. http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201909240009.aspx. 
  26. ↑ Minnick, Wendell (25 November 2018). "Taiwan AESA Radar to Challenge International Market Share". National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/taiwan-aesa-radar-challenge-international-market-share-36867. 
  27. ↑ Jennings, Gareth. "Taiwan rolls out indigenous T-5 aircraft". Janes. https://www.janes.com/article/91468/taiwan-rolls-out-indigenous-t-5-aircraft. 
  28. ↑ Lu, Tyson; Wu, Shu-wei; Lo, James (15 February 2025). "Brave Eagle jet trainer fleet grounded following crash". Central News Agency. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202502150006.  and Lu, Tyson; Wu, Shu-wei; Lo, James (15 February 2025). "Pilot rescued after parachuting out of Brave Eagle jet trainer". https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202502150002.  Republished as: Chin, Jonathan (16 February 2025). "Brave Eagle training jets grounded after crash". Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2025/02/16/2003831953. 
  29. ↑ Wu, Su-wei; Lu, Tyson; Yeh, Joseph (16 February 2025). "Broken fan blade may have caused jet's double engine failure: Experts". Central News Agency. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202502160012.  Republished as: "Broken fan blade may have caused jet engine failure: experts". Taipei Times. 17 February 2025. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2025/02/17/2003832029. 
  30. ↑ Yen-hsiang, Chao; Lin, Sean; Yeh, Joseph; Tai-cheng, Lu. "Flight data recorder of crashed jet trainer recovered". Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202503130017. 
  31. ↑ "T-5 Yung Yin Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) Aircraft, Taiwan" (in en-GB). https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/t-5-yung-yin/. 

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