Engineering:AMX-10P

From HandWiki

The AMX-10P is a French amphibious infantry fighting vehicle. It was developed from 1965 onwards to replace the AMX-VCI in the French Army.[1] It served with the French Army from its introduction in 1973 until its retirement in 2015, when it was fully replaced by the VBCI.[2][3]

The AMX-10P was also successfully exported, and continues to serve with several nations' militaries. It was selected by a number of Arab armies and has been operated by Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.[4] Special marine variants were developed for Singapore and Indonesia, including the AMX-10 PAC 90 fire support version with a 90 mm gun.[5][1]

The AMX-10P is fully amphibious, being propelled through water at speeds of up to 7 km/h by twin waterjets. It is fitted as standard with a trim vane and bilge pumps to assist with the flotation process.[4] The AMX-10P shares a number of common transmission and chassis components with its wheeled counterpart, the AMX-10 RC.[2]

Development history

The AMX-10P was developed by the Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux (AMX) in response to a French army requirement for a new tracked armoured fighting vehicle to supplement or replace the ageing AMX-VCI.[1] The first prototypes were completed around 1968. They were showcased to potential domestic and international customers at Satory in 1969.[2] Production did not commence until the French Army placed its first order in late 1972.[2] The first AMX-10Ps were delivered in mid to late 1973 to the 7th Mechanised Brigade stationed at Reims.[2]

French Army AMX-10Ps were fitted with a 20 mm autocannon in a Toucan II two-man turret with seating for a gunner and commander. Other one-man turrets could be fitted, as well as an observation cupola for training vehicles.[1] Export variants of the AMX-10P abounded, including models equipped with battlefield surveillance radars, the ATILA artillery fire control system, a bank of HOT anti-tank missiles, 60 mm or 81 mm gun-mortars, and a large 90 mm gun.[1]

Greece was the first foreign power to purchase the AMX-10P. Between 1974 and 1977 the Hellenic Army ordered over 100 vehicles in three separate variants.[6] Qatar ordered 30 AMX-10Ps in 1975, while Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia accounted for large export orders during the early 1980s.[6] GIAT Industries accepted a final order from Singapore for AMX-10P PAC-90s in 1994,[6] following which the production lines were closed.[5] At this point 1,750 AMX-10Ps had been manufactured.[5]

108 AMX-10Ps underwent extensive overhauls to improve their armour and mobility between 2006 and 2008, including new gearboxes and suspension systems.[7] By 2015, however, the AMX-10P had been entirely withdrawn from French service, being replaced by the VBCI.[3]

Description

AMX-10P hulls are fabricated from a welded steel[2] or aluminum alloy[4] and notable for their parallel incorporation of the driving and engine compartments. The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle and to the left.[2] An AMX-10P's driving compartment is provided with a single hatch cover opening to the rear and three periscopes intended for observation purposes when the hatch is closed.[2]

Night vision equipment was not fitted as standard to the base production model. One of the three driving periscopes could be replaced with combined day/night intensification sights as needed.[2] The troop compartment is at the rear of the hull, and provided with two roof hatches. Passengers embark and debark from a ramp, which is accessed through two doors at the rear.[2]

Transmission consists of a hydraulic torque converter coupled to a gearbox with one reverse and four forward driving gears.[2] The AMX-10P utilises a torsion bar suspension, which supports five road wheels with the drive sprocket at the front and idler near the rear.[2] These can be accessed from inside the hull through maintenance panels.[2]

Standard AMX-10P turrets are equipped with a GIAT M693 automatic cannon firing two different types of both high explosive ammunition and armour-piercing ammunition.[2] More than one ammunition type may be loaded at once and fired alternatively.[8] The high explosive rounds have a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s. The latest armour-piercing round has a muzzle velocity of 1,300 m/s and is capable of penetrating 20 mm of rolled homogeneous armour at an incidence of 60°.[2] The autocannon has a cyclic rate of fire of 740 rounds per minute, with the gunner being able to switch between semiautomatic, limited burst, or fully automatic fire as necessary.[8]

External

AMX-10Ps have a very distinctive, pointed hull and a sloping glacis plate, with the driver's position plainly visible to the left.[4] The hull roof is horizontal as well as sloped slightly inwards, accommodating a turret ring near the centre of the chassis.[4] Both hull sides are vertical and lack firing ports.[4] There is a circular exhaust outlet on the right side of the hull above the second and third road wheels.[4]

Variants

A Singapore Army AMX-10P PAC-90 with 90 mm gun
  • AMX-10P: Standard production model. Armed with a two-man Toucan II turret and a M963 F2 20 mm autocannon.[1]
  • AMX-10P 25: AMX-10P with a one-man Dragar turret and a M811 25 mm autocannon.[1] This was trialled by the French Army but not adopted into service.[4] It was later adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces.[5]
  • AMX-10P Marine: AMX-10P with improved amphibious capabilities and a modified propulsion system that allowed for top speeds of up to 10 km/h in water.[1] This variant was developed for the Indonesian Marine Corps.[1]
  • AMX-10P Sanitaire: A turretless AMX-10P designed as an ambulance vehicle.[1] It carried a wide range of medical equipment.[2]
  • AMX-10ECH: AMX-10P modified as an armoured recovery vehicle, including a large hydraulic crane.[4] Also known as the AMX-10D.[2]
  • AMX-10P/HOT: AMX-10P carrying HOT anti-tank missiles.[4] Two external HOT launchers were located on either side of the hull, with an additional twenty missiles stored outside.[2] This variant was developed for the Saudi Arabian Army.[5] At least 92 were manufactured.[6]
  • AMX-10PC: AMX-10P modified as a command vehicle, including additional radios, a collapsible awning on either side of the hull, and a large generator on the hull roof.[2]
  • AMX-10 RATAC: An unarmed AMX-10P with a RATAC fire control radar mounted over its turret ring and a tracing table located inside the hull.[2]
  • AMX-10RAV: AMX-10P modified as a general cargo transporter. The French Army used this model to transport artillery ammunition.[1]
  • AMX-10RC: Wheeled variant of the AMX-10P developed for armed reconnaissance.[1]
  • AMX-10SAO: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a long-range laser rangefinder in its turret, as well as a 7.62mm machine gun.[1]
  • AMX-10SAT: AMX-10P modified as an artillery survey vehicle.[5] It was fitted with a custom navigation system.[1]
  • AMX-10TM: AMX-10P modified as an artillery tractor, with a new one-man turret and its rear ramp removed.[2] It towed a F1 120 mm mortar and carried 60 mortar projectiles.[1]
  • AMX-10VOA: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a slightly different turret from the AMX-10SAO.[1]
  • AMX-10VFA: AMX-10P carrying the ATILA artillery fire control system.[1] This spawned two sub-variants of its own, the more simplified AMX-10VLA, and the more sophisticated AMX-10VFA.[1]
  • AMX-10P TMC-81: AMX-10P with an 81 mm breech loading, Hotchkiss-Brandt CL-81 gun-mortar.[1] Similar in concept to the earlier CM60A1, the CL-81 fired both high explosive and armour-piercing shells.[1]
  • AMX-10P PAC-90: AMX-10P with the complete turret and 90 mm main gun assembly of the Panhard ERC-90 Sagaie armoured car.[1] It carried 30 90 mm shells and 2,000 rounds of 7.62mm machine gun ammunition.[1] This variant was marketed primarily to Indonesia and Singapore.[5]
  • AMX-10M: Modified AMX-10M to fitted the 142mm ACRA Launcher with 20mm secondary gun.[9][10]

Operators

A map of AMX-10P operators in blue, with former operators in red.
  •  Indonesia: 34 including 10 AMX-10PAC-90 purchased from France.[11] All in service with the Indonesian Marines as of 2024.[12]
  •  Morocco: 10 currently in service.[12][13]
  •  Qatar: 36 received from France.[11] IISS reports 40 AMX-10P currently in service.[12]
  •  Saudi Arabia: 293 purchased from France in 1974.[11] IISS reports 380 AMX-10P and a further 90+ AMX-10P ATGM Carriers in service as of 2024.[12]
  •  Singapore: 44 purchased from France in 1990.[11] IISS reports 22 in storage as of 2024.[12]

Former operators

  •  Bosnia-Herzegovina: 25 received from France in 1999.[11]
  •  France: 331 in service in 2011;[14] withdrawn from service in 2015.[3][15]
  •  Greece: 69 purchased from France in 1974.[11]
  •  Iraq: 29 received from France between 1981 and 1982;[11] some modernized in 2015[16]
  •  UAE: 15-18 purchased from France in 1976.[11]

The production version of the AMX 10P is present in the game War Thunder as an SPAA.[17] The modified AMX 10P with the 142mm ACRA Launcher, the AMX 10M, is also present in the game War Thunder as a Tank Destroyer.[18]

See also

AMX series

Vehicles of comparable role, performance, and era

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 Chant, Christopher (1987). A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0-7102-0720-4. OCLC 14965544. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 Christopher F. Foss (1976). Jane's World Armoured Fighting Vehicles (1976 ed.). Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. pp. 213–216. ISBN 0-354-01022-0. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jean-Dominique Merchet (28 May 2015). "À quoi ressemblera l'armée de terre en 2020 ?" (in fr). https://www.lopinion.fr/blog/secret-defense/a-quoi-ressemblera-l-armee-terre-en-2020-24677. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 Christopher F. Foss (2000). Jane's Tanks and Combat Vehicles Recognition Guide (2000 ed.). Harper Collins Publishers. pp. 142–145. ISBN 978-0-00-472452-2. https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 O'Malley, T.J. (1996). Fighting Vehicles: Armoured Personnel Carriers & Infantry Fighting Vehicles. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books. pp. 322–342. ISBN 978-1-85367-211-8. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  7. ↑ "France to Upgrade 108 AMX-10P APCs". http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/france-to-upgrade-108-amx10p-apcs-01145/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Pretty, Ronald (1980). Jane's Weapon Systems, 1979–80 (1979 ed.). Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. pp. 312–731. ISBN 978-0-531-03299-2. 
  9. ↑ "Department of the army". 1971. https://books.google.com/books?id=URRUxF6GPE8C&q=amx-10m. 
  10. ↑ "Content hosted at ImgBB". https://imgbb.com/9GHCccg. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 SIPRI. "SIPRI Arms Transfer Database". https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferRegister. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 International Institute for Strategic Studies (2024) (in en). The Military Balance 2024. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-040-05115-3. 
  13. ↑ Nerguizian, Aram; Cordesman, Anthony (2009). The North African Military Balance: Force Developments in the Maghreb. Washington DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-89206-552-3. 
  14. ↑ "Les chiffres-clés de la Défense – édition 2011". 30 September 2011. http://www.defense.gouv.fr/actualites/articles2/les-chiffres-cles-de-la-defense-edition-2011. 
  15. ↑ "Projet de loi de finances pour 2008 : Défense - Equipement des forces" (in fr). 3 April 2023. http://www.senat.fr/rap/a07-094-6/a07-094-628.html. 
  16. ↑ "Iraqi engineers have refurbished AMX-10P and Panhard IFVs/APCs in Basra, southern #Iraq. For security forces. - ISIS - ISIL map, map of war in Syria, Iraq, Libya - Daesh map - Mosul operation - isis.liveuamap.com". December 20, 2016. http://isis.liveuamap.com/en/2015/26-november-iraqi-engineers-have-refurbished-amx10p-and-panhard. 
  17. ↑ "AMX-10P | War Thunder Wiki" (in en). https://wiki.warthunder.com/unit/fr_amx_10p. 
  18. ↑ "AMX-10M | War Thunder Wiki" (in en). https://wiki.warthunder.com/unit/fr_amx_10m_acra. 

Template:ColdWarFrenchAFVs

Template:French Army Vehicle



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Engineering:AMX-10P&oldid=4275884"