Engineering:Audi straight-five engine
| Audi Inline-5 | |
|---|---|
 Audi 2.3 L SOHC 10V I5 engine | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Audi AG |
| Production | 1968–1998 |
| Layout | |
| Displacement | Petrol 1.9L-2.3L Diesel 2.0L-2.5L |
| Cylinder bore | 4.05 in (102.9 mm) 4.36 in (110.7 mm) |
| Piston stroke | 3.59 in (91.2 mm) 3.85 in (97.8 mm) |
| Block material | Cast iron |
| Head material | Cast iron |
| Valvetrain | OHV 2 valves per cylinder |
| Compression ratio | 8.0:1, 8.5:1, 11.0:1, 11.3:1 |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system | Carburetor (1968–1987) Multi-port fuel injection (1988–1997) |
| Fuel type | Gasoline Diesel |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 375 hp (380 PS; 280 kW) 217 hp (220 PS; 162 kW)[1] |
| Specific power | 53.3 hp (39.7 kW) per liter 28.8 hp (21.5 kW) per liter |
| Torque output | 500 lb⋅ft (678 N⋅m) 365 lb⋅ft (495 N⋅m)[1] |
The Audi straight-five engine is a series of four-stroke SOHC and DOHC five-cylinder engines, designed, developed and produced by German manufacturer Audi since 1976.[2][3][4] The engines have also been used in various Volkswagen models, as part of the VAG partnership, as well as Volvo using a few of these engines in their diesel model cars.[5][6][7]
History
Diesel engines
In 1978, the Audi 2.0 R5 D engine was introduced in the Audi 100 sedan. In 1983, a turbocharged version was introduced, initially for the U.S. market Audi 100. Several Volvo cars, from March 1996 to 2001, were produced with Audi straight-five diesel engines, prior to the introduction of the Volvo D5 turbo-diesel engine; this engine was produced from 2001 to 2017 and was used in several diesel hybrid applications (marketed as "twin engine" models).[8][9]
The Volkswagen Group's first TDI engine was introduced in the 1989 Audi 100 TDI sedan.[10][11] The Audi 100 was powered by the Volkswagen 2.5 R5 TDI straight-five engine which used an electronic distributor injection pump (called "VerteilerPumpe" by Volkswagen) and two-stage direct injection. The initial version of this engine generated 88 kW (118 hp) at 3,250 rpm and 275 N⋅m (203 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm.
Gasoline engines
The first production straight-five petrol engine was the Audi 2.1 R5 introduced in the Audi 100 in 1977.[12][13] Audi has continued use of straight-five petrol engines (in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions) to the present day. The Audi TT RS and Audi RS3 currently use straight-five engines. In motorsport, the first car to use a straight-five engine was the Audi Quattro rally car;[14] other racing cars which used straight-five engines include the 1985-1986 Audi Sport Quattro E2 and the 1989 Audi 90 Quattro IMSA GTO.[15][16][17][18] For the year 1987 factory team tested a 1000 hp version of the inline-5 powered Audi S1 Sport Quattro.[19]
Several Volkswagen-branded straight-five engines have been produced, beginning with the Volkswagen WH/WN 1.9 litre 10v engine used in the 1981 Volkswagen Passat. The final Volkswagen straight-five petrol engine was the Volkswagen EA855 2.5 litre 20v engine used in the North American Passat models until 2014.[20][21]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Ford Gran Torino Hardtop, 1975 MY US.CA". 2015-06-13. https://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=426844.
- ↑ "Audi 5 Cylinder Engines. Since 1976 Audi Have Made It A Cult Of It's [sic] Own". February 3, 2022. https://thejalopy.com/audi-5-cylinder-engines/.
- ↑ Acosta, Greg (August 6, 2021). "Audi's Inline 5 Cylinder Engine Celebrates 45 Years Of Production". https://www.enginelabs.com/news/audis-inline-5-cylinder-engine-celebrates-45-years-of-production/.
- ↑ "2.5 TFSI: Audi's Most Powerful Series Five-Cylinder". September 30, 2021. https://audiclubna.org/2-5-tfsi-audis-most-powerful-series-five-cylinder/.
- ↑ "40 years of Audi five-cylinder engines". https://www.audi-mediacenter.com:443/en/press-releases/40-years-of-audi-five-cylinder-engines-6616.
- ↑ "Powerhouses: five-cylinder engines at Audi". https://www.audi-mediacenter.com:443/en/press-releases/powerhouses-five-cylinder-engines-at-audi-14239.
- ↑ Taylor, Cameron (August 18, 2021). "The Best Audi Engines Have Five Cylinders". https://www.motorbiscuit.com/best-audi-engines-five-cylinders/.
- ↑ "V60_GBen". Ipaper.ipapercms.dk. http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/Volvocars/GB/V60GBen/.
- ↑ "History of the Volvo 5 Cylinder". 11 October 2017. https://www.matthewsvolvosite.com/history-volvo-5-cylinder/.
- ↑ "8 Cars That Tell the History of Diesel in the U.S.". 13 April 2017. https://www.motorbiscuit.com/8-cars-that-tell-the-history-of-diesel-in-the-u-s/.
- ↑ "History" (in en). https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/audi-at-a-glance-3757/history-3766.
- ↑ "The five-cylinder model from Audi". https://www.audi-mediacenter.com:443/en/the-audi-tt-rs-2924/the-five-cylinder-model-from-audi-2959.
- ↑ "Straight five Cylinder engine". https://motor-car.net/innovation/engine-components/item/13732-straight-five-cylinder-engine.
- ↑ Graham Robson (2008-06-15). Audi Quattro. Veloce Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 9781845841416. https://books.google.com/books?id=3r114-3gRuAC&pg=PA12.
- ↑ "Audi 90 quattro IMSA-GTO". http://www.classicdriver.com/de/article/audi-90-quattro-imsa-gto.
- ↑ "Detailed specs review of 1989 Audi 90 Quattro IMSA-GTO model for North America racing/rallye". http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1989/1588910/audi_90_quattro_imsa-gto.html.
- ↑ "ableitet.no - Audi 90 IMSA GTO". http://www.ableitet.no/mod/audi-90-imsa-gto_en.htm.
- ↑ "Retrospective>> Quattro Firepower: The Imsa Audi 90 Gto - Speedhunters". 26 May 2009. http://www.speedhunters.com/2009/05/retrospective_gt_gt_quattro_firepower_the_imsa_audi_90_gto/.
- ↑ "Secret Rally Car: Audi Group S Prototype". http://www.thesmokingtire.com/2012/secret-rally-car-audi-group-s-prototype/.
- ↑ "2014 Volkswagen Passat". https://www.cars.com/research/volkswagen-passat-2014/.
- ↑ George, Jeo (July 9, 2022). "Why We Love Audi's EA855 Five-Cylinder Engine: A Look Back At Its Legacy". https://www.hotcars.com/why-we-love-audis-ea855-five-cylinder-engine-a-look-back-at-its-legacy/.
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