Engineering:Avanti (car)

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Short description: American performance sports car
Avanti II
1967 Studebaker Avanti II fL.jpg
1967 Avanti II
Body and chassis
Body style
LayoutFR layout
RelatedStudebaker Avanti

The Avanti (including the Avanti II) is an American performance sports coupe based on the Studebaker Avanti and marketed through a succession of five different ownership arrangements between 1965 and 2006.

Subsequent to Studebaker's December 20, 1963, closure of its South Bend factory and effective discontinuation of the auto with the 1964 model year, cars carrying the Avanti nameplate were initially produced from left-over Studebaker components, and later by the Avanti Motor Company from General Motors and Ford chassis and engines. A small and often interrupted stream of increasingly modified cars were made before all production ceased in 2006.

Avanti II

Altman and Newman

1970 Avanti II
1976 Avanti II

After Studebaker ended production at South Bend on December 20, 1963, the "Avanti" model name, tooling, Studebaker truck production rights and parts and plant space were bought by local Studebaker dealers, Nate and Arnold Altman and Leo Newman, who incorporated as Avanti Motor Corporation and hand-built a small number of cars.[1] Leo Newman ran the Studebaker truck parts division which enabled the company to be profitable at its outset. According to Stu Chapman, Studebaker Director of Advertising & Public Relations 1964–1966, in his book 'My Father The Car: Memoirs Of My Life With Studebaker', there was talk with Studebaker of reintroducing the Avanti to Studebaker showrooms in 1965/66, along with ambitious plans for rebadging an Isuzu Bellett as an entry level Studebaker, and combining with Canadian Motor Industries.

The Altman brothers introduced a slightly modified version of the car in 1965 under the brand name "Avanti II".[2] which initially had a 327 cu in (5.4 L) Chevrolet Corvette engine. This evolved to the 400, then the small-block 350, and then the 305 for 1981.[3] The 305 cu in (5.0 L) V8 had electronic engine controls, 155 hp (116 kW), and GM's Turbo 350 automatic transmission with lock-up. Building one of the 1980s Avanti IIs required 10 to 12 weeks, depending on special color or upholstery orders.[3] The last Avanti II made came off the line with a V6 engine from Roush and only one was made. After Nate Altman's death, Arnold Altman ran the company until it was sold in 1982.[4] From 1963 to 1985, Avanti IIs were built on the Studebaker-designed chassis, then the Chevrolet Monte Carlo chassis was used; Chevy discontinued the Monte Carlo in 1987, and Avanti switched to the Chevrolet Caprice chassis.

Year Engine Power Wheelbase Length Width Chassis Transmission Instrumentation
1965 327 cu in (5.4 L) V8 300 hp (224 kW) 109 in (2,769 mm)[5] 192.5 in (4,890 mm) 70.4 in (1,788 mm) Full perimeter with X 4-speed manual or automatic[5] Speedometer, tachometer,[5] fuel gauge, ammeter, temperature gauge, oil pressure gauge, vacuum pressure gauge[6]

Stephen Blake

On October 1, 1982, real-estate developer Stephen H. Blake bought the rights to the Avanti II.[citation needed] The state of Indiana guaranteed $1.9 million in loans to Avanti, as part of the financial package offered Blake when he bought the company.[7]

Modifications were introduced to the car, which had remained unchanged since the production of the Avanti II model began in the mid-1960s. A new convertible body style along with an all-new and lighter backbone chassis that was designed by Herb Adams, a former Pontiac engineer, using a torque tube with a 1985 Chevrolet Corvette aluminum rear end and independent suspension.[8] Rectangular headlight openings and plastic body-colored bumpers were introduced. [9] Each of these cars took eight to ten weeks to hand build.[10]

Blake's company declared bankruptcy and he resigned in February 1986.[11]

Avanti

Michael Kelly

1989 Avanti II Convertible

The Avanti Motor Company was purchased by Michael Eugene Kelly.[citation needed] The "II" was dropped from the car's name and all subsequent cars were called the "Avanti".[citation needed] The company then had second-generation Avanti styling originated by Tom Kellogg, the youngest member of the original Studebaker Avanti design team.[12]

John Cafaro

1991 Avanti four-door sedan

The company was acquired and run from 1987–1991 by John J. Cafaro.[13][14] With the financial assistance of the State of Ohio, he moved all Avanti production from South Bend – its birthplace – to Youngstown, Ohio. In 1988 and 1989 Avanti made two-door coupes and a convertible. The 1988 Avanti were called the "Silver Year" models, marking 25 years since the Avanti's introduction.[citation needed]

In 1989, Cafaro lost faith in the original coupe and introduced a four-door version, of which 90 were built. In four years, only 405 Avantis were made at the Youngstown plant, which closed in 1991.[15]

Kelly repurchase

1996-2005 Avanti convertible

Kelly repurchased the company in 1999.[citation needed] He moved its operations from Ohio to Georgia and produced redesigned Avanti automobiles in Villa Rica from 2000 to 2005.[citation needed] From 2004, Ford Mustang chassis and engines were used. In October 2005 an internet report said "Avanti Motors [had] recently announced a new relationship with Ford Motor Company and was planning a big comeback".[16]

In early 2006, Kelly moved Avanti production to a new plant in Cancun, Mexico, but the company foundered after Kelly's arrest on fraud charges in December 2006, over a large Ponzi scheme he was running.[17] [18] The last Avanti rolled off the line in Cancun, Mexico in March 2006. All the Mustang-based Avantis used V8 engines, with the option of a Ford V6. Only one 2006 Avanti was built with a Ford V6 engine. The factory and showroom were emptied in 2011 and have been sold. Many extremely rare Studebaker and Avanti concepts and racing vehicles that were on the second floor of the building in Cancun have been moved elsewhere and/or sold.[19]

References

  1. ↑ Langworth, p. 278
  2. ↑ Langworth, p. 257
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hogg, Tony, ed. "1981 Buyer's Guide". Road & Track's Road Test Annual & Buyer's Guide 1981 (January–February 1981): 83. 
  4. ↑ Oliver, Myrna (January 23, 2006). "Arnold Altman, 88; Kept the Futuristic Avanti Alive After Studebaker's Demise". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2006/jan/13/local/me-altman13. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Avanti: 1965 Avanti II Brochure". Oldcarbrochures.com. 1965. http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Avanti/1965_Avanti_II/1965_Avanti_II_Brochure/1965%20Avanti%20II-08.html. 
  6. ↑ "Manual 8 – 14". Avantisource.com. http://www.avantisource.com/manual814.html. 
  7. ↑ Springfield Union, January 27, 1985, p. 34.
  8. ↑ Ross, Daniel Charles (October 1984). "Detroit Listening Post – Avanti garde". Popular Mechanics 161 (10): 42. https://books.google.com/books?id=f-QDAAAAMBAJ&q=With+backbone+construction,+a+torque+tube+and+%2785+Corvette+aluminum+IRS+rear+end&pg=PA42. Retrieved December 2, 2017. 
  9. ↑ Oregonian, October 14, 1983, p. 75.
  10. ↑ Avanti Motor Corporation brochure. http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/new/130211/1986%20Avanti/1986%20Avanti-02.html. Retrieved May 15, 2019. 
  11. ↑ Plain Dealer, February 27, 1986, p. 109.
  12. ↑ Martin, Douglas (August 8, 2003). "Thomas W. Kellogg, 71; A Studebaker Avanti Designer". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/19/business/thomas-w-kellogg-71-a-studebaker-avanti-designer.html?pagewanted=al. 
  13. ↑ Schuon, Marshall (April 23, 1989). "About Cars; 1989 Avanti Catches Your Eye". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/23/sports/about-cars-1989-avanti-catches-your-eye.html. 
  14. ↑ Albright, Mark (December 18, 1994). "Worker Hopes Avanti Has Its Day-again". Tribune Digital-The Chicago Tribune: p. 1. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-12-18/travel/9412180101_1_avanti-cars-plant. 
  15. ↑ Albright, Mark (December 18, 1994). "Worker Hopes Avanti Has Its Day – again". Tribune Digital-The Chicago Tribune: p. 2. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-12-18/travel/9412180101_1_avanti-cars-plant/2. 
  16. ↑ Spinelli, Mike (October 11, 2005). "Game On: Avanti Motors Hopes to Survive and Thrive in 2006". Jalopnik. https://jalopnik.com/130353/game-on-avanti-motors-hopes-to-survive-and-thrive-in-2006. 
  17. ↑ "SEC Charges Twenty-Six Defendants in $428 Million Securities Fraud That Targeted Senior Citizens and Retirement Savings". Securities Exchange Commission. September 5, 2007. https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2007/lr20267.htm. 
  18. ↑ "Commission's Crackdown on Financial Fraud Against Seniors Continues". Securities Exchange Commission (Press release). September 5, 2007. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  19. ↑ Floyd, Michael (January 30, 2007). "Avanti Motors future plans in flux after arrest of chairman". https://www.motortrend.com/features/avanti-motors-future-plans-in-flux-after-arrest-of-chairman-163/. 
  • Langworth, Richard M. (1972). "Avanti II: Nate Altman can make you a car that you will love". Automobile Quarterly X (3rd Quarter): 276–281. 

Further reading

External links



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