Engineering:Buyan-class corvette

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Short description: Small artillery and missile ships of the Russian Navy
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Buyan-class corvette (pr 21630)
Buyan-M-class corvette (pr 21631)
Class overview
Name: Buyan class
Builders:
  • Almaz Shipbuilding Company
  • Zelenodolsk Plant Gorky
Operators:  Russian Navy
Preceded by: Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
Succeeded by: Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
Subclasses:
  • Project 21631 Buyan-M (domestic)
  • Project 21632 Tornado (export)
Built: 2004–present
In commission: 2006–present
Planned: 15
Completed: 15
Active: 15
General characteristics
Type:
Displacement:
  • Buyan: 420 t (410 long tons) (standard)
    508 t (500 long tons) (full)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 850 t (840 long tons) (standard)
    949 t (934 long tons) (full)[2]
Length:
  • Buyan: 62 m (203 ft 5 in)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 75 m (246 ft 1 in)[2]
Beam:
  • Buyan: 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 11 m (36 ft 1 in)[2]
Height: 6.57 m (21 ft 7 in)
Draft:
  • Buyan: 2 m (6 ft 7 in)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)[2]
Propulsion: 2 shaft CODAD, 4 × Zvezda M520, 10,875 kW (14,584 shp) and Kolomna Diesel, Pumpjet.
Speed:
  • Buyan: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)[2]
Range:
  • Buyan: 1,500 nmi (2,800 km; 1,700 mi)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)[2]
Endurance: 15 days[2]
Complement:
  • Buyan: 29–36[1]
  • Buyan-M: 52[2]
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Buyan:
    • 5P-26M Pozitiv-M phased array radar system (Pozitiv-ME1.2 for export)[3]
    • MR-231 navigation radar[3]
    • 5P-10-03 Laska fire control system (5P-10-03E for export)[3]
    • МР-123 fire control system
    • Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar system (Anapa-ME for export)[3]
  • Buyan-M:
    • 5P-26M1 Pozitiv-M1 phased array radar system
    • MP-231-2 navigation radar
    • 5P-10-03 Laska fire control system
    • МР-123-02 fire control system
    • Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar system
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
  • Buyan: 2 × 10 PK-10 decoy launchers[3]
  • Buyan-M: TK-25 radar jammers[4]
Armament:
  • Buyan:
    • 1 × 100 mm A-190-01 naval gun[3]
    • 2 × 30 mm AK-630 CIWS
    • 1 × 20 122 mm retractable A-215 "Grad-M"
    • 1 × 4 3M47 Gibka surface-to-air missiles
    • 1 × 10 55 mm DP-65 anti-saboteur grenade launcher
    • 2 × 14.5 mm KPV type
  • Buyan-M:
    • 1 × 100 mm A-190-01 naval gun[3]
    • 1 × 2 30 mm AK-630-M2 CIWS
    • 1 × Pantsir-M CIWS (Stavropol)
    • 2 × 4 UKSK VLS cells for Kalibr or Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles
    • 2 × 4 Komar surface-to-air missiles[5]
    • 1 × 10 55 mm DP-65 anti-saboteur grenade launcher
    • 2 × 14.5 mm KPV type

The Buyan class (Russian: Буян, lit. 'Buyan'), Russian designations Project 21630 Buyan and Project 21631 Buyan-M, are series of corvettes (small artillery and missile ships in Russian classification) developed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau for the Russian Navy. Since 2010, all subsequent vessels are being constructed as improved Project 21631 subclass, incorporating greater tonnage, stealth technology and the 3S14 vertical launching system for either Kalibr or Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles, significantly enhancing combat capabilities. The ships are primarily designed for operations within littoral zones to protect Russia's vast coastal areas. Due to the small tonnage, they can operate even within shallow parts of oceans and seas and Russia's extensive inland waterway system. The export variant is known as Project 21632 Tornado.

Design

Initial information about a modified Project 21631, dubbed Buyan-M, was published in August 2010. The Project 21631 ships were to be an updated variant of the Project 21630 Buyan small artillery ships. They were to be up-armed with a USKS VLS system supporting the nuclear-capable Kalibr cruise missiles (SS-N-27 Sizzler) and with additional electronic countermeasure equipment.[6][7] Ships of Project 21631 were designated for national economic zones protection, same as the original variants.

The ships' small size and displacement enables them to operate within inland river systems, including traversing the Moscow Canal. This allow them to redeploy to various seas around European Russia. A particular advantage for the Buyan-M series were the limitations imposed by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) which prohibited land-based medium-range missiles while sea-based ones were not restricted. A river-based corvette could deploy such missiles without being subject to the restrictions. The lead ship of this project, Grad Sviyazhsk, was laid down on 27 August 2010 and commissioned on 27 July 2014.

Operational history

Serpukhov and Grad Sviyazhsk in July 2024

On 7 October 2015, corvettes Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich, Velikiy Ustyug and Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. Dagestan, deployed in the Caspian Sea, launched 26 Kalibr cruise missiles at 11 targets in Syria. The missiles flew nearly 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) over Iran and Iraq and struck targets in Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State) as well as in Idlib province (controlled by the al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front).[8] According to United States Department of Defense officials, several of these cruise missiles fired from Russian ships crashed in Iran and did not make it to their intended targets in Syria.[9]

On 20 November 2015, the same warships launched 18 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea at seven targets in Rakka, Idlib and Aleppo provinces.[10]

In 2016, the corvette Zelenyy Dol was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea, later followed by sister ship Serpukhov.[11] On 19 August Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, launched Kalibr cruise missiles at positions of Al-Nusra terrorist group in Syria. As a result of the strikes, number of terrorist facilities were destroyed, including command post and base near the village of Dar Ta Izzah and weapon production plants and warehouses in Aleppo province.[12]

On 25 October 2016, Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov were deployed to the Baltic Sea to join a newly formed division at Kaliningrad.[6] In 2020, Zelenyy Dol and the Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. Odintsovo deployed to Arctic waters utilizing Russian internal waterways and illustrating the Russian capacity to transfer light units among the Russian Navy's three western fleets and the Caspian Flotilla as might be required.[13] A similar deployment was conducted in 2023 by Serpukhov.[14]

On 28 March 2022, a Buyan-class corvette fired eight Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea and claimed to have destroyed a Ukrainian arsenal at Orzhev.[15][16]

On 17 June 2022, a photo emerged of Velikiy Ustyug being towed on the Volga River in a damaged state after a Ukrainian attack.[17]

On 8 April 2024, Ukrainian military intelligence released a video in which they claimed to have started a fire onboard Serpukhov. The fire reportedly occurred on 7 April. Serpukhov was in harbour at Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast. Ukrainian military intelligence claimed that the fire destroyed "its communication and automation systems."[18] On 3 July 2024, HUR revealed details of Operation "Rybalka" ("Fisherman"), which involved a former Russian sailor setting fire to the Buyan-class corvette Serpukhov on 8 April 2024. He also stole data "about the Baltic Fleet and the Russian military industry." The former sailor joined the Freedom of Russia Legion, designated by Russia as a terrorist organization, after defecting. HUR estimated Serpukhov will be out of action for six months. The ship was targeted for its ability to fire Kalibr and Onyx missiles.[19]

On 6 November 2024, an A-22 drone from the Armed Forces of Ukraine struck the Kaspiysk naval base reportedly damaging a Buyan-class corvette of the Caspian Flotilla along with two Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.s.[20][21] Published Russian naval documents showed that on 7 August 2025 the Vyshniy Volochyok of the 41st brigade was damaged from colliding with the civilian tanker Nazan in Temryuk Bay while maneuvering to evade attacking Ukrainian drones.[22]

On October 4 2025, the Grad was reported to have been damaged, after being struck by Ukraine, on Lake Onega.[23]

Variants

  • Project 21630 Buyan
  • Project 21631 Buyan-M – Upgraded design with modernised systems and new weapons
  • Project 21632 Tornado – Export design
  • Project 21635 Sarsar – Unveiled at Army-2022 expo, with an increased number of VLS cells, as well as a larger displacement overall

Ships

Name Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Project 21630 Buyan
Astrakhan Almaz Shipyard, St. Petersburg 30 January 2004 7 October 2005 1 September 2006 Caspian Active
Volgodonsk 25 February 2005 6 May 2011[24] 28 December 2011[25] Active
Makhachkala 24 March 2006 27 April 2012 [26] 4 December 2012[27] Active
Project 21631 Buyan-M
Grad Sviyazhsk Zelenodolsk Shipyard 27 August 2010 9 March 2013[28][29] 27 July 2014[30] Caspian Active
Uglich 22 July 2011[31] 10 April 2013 27 July 2014 Active
Velikiy Ustyug 27 August 2011[32] 19 December 2014 [33][34] Damaged in early 2022 during Russo-Ukraine War;[35] active as of 2024[36]
Zelenyy Dol 29 August 2012[37][38] 2 April 2015 12 December 2015[39] Baltic[40] Active
Serpukhov[41] 25 January 2013[42] 3 April 2015 Active; reportedly damaged by sabotage in 2024 but participating in exercises in the Baltic as of 2025[43]
Vyshniy Volochyok 22 August 2016[44] 1 June 2018[45] Black Sea Active; damaged in collision with civilian tanker August 2025 while undertaking evasive manoeuvres in the face of a drone attack[46][47]
Orekhovo-Zuyevo 29 May 2014 19 June 2018[48] 10 December 2018[49] Active; operating in the Mediterranean/Baltic region as of 2024[50]
Ingushetiya 29 August 2014[51] 11 June 2019[52] 28 December 2019[53] Active
Grayvoron 10 April 2015[54] April 2020[55][56] 30 January 2021[57] Active
Grad 24 April 2017[58] 17 September 2021[59] 29 December 2022[60][61] Baltic Active; reported struck by Ukrainian attack in October 2025 while transitting via Russian inland waterways from the Baltic to the Caspian; damage uncertain[62]
Naro-Fominsk 23 February 2018[63] 9 December 2022[64][65] 25 December 2023[66] Active
Stavropol 12 July 2018[67] 11 June 2024[68] 28 August 2025[69] Active

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Buyan-class corvette Volgodonsk". http://rusnavy.com/nowadays/strength/surfaceships/volgodonsk/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 "Keel-laying of sixth project 21631 ship". 29 August 2013. http://www.zdship.ru/press-centre/e-news-events/932/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). http://www.zdship.ru/products/shipbuilding/spec-ships/1463/. 
  4. ↑ "TK-25E". http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/naval-systems/shipborne-electronic-systems/tk-25e/. 
  5. ↑ Novichkov, Nikolai (5 July 2015). "Russia to equip Buyan-M corvettes with Komar SAM turret". https://www.janes.com/article/52773/russia-to-equip-buyan-m-corvettes-with-komar-sam-turret. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Osborn, Andrew; Johnson, Simon (26 October 2016). "Russia beefs up Baltic Fleet amid NATO tensions: reports". https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-defence-baltic-sweden-idUSKCN12Q1HB. 
  7. ↑ "Zelenodolsky Shipyard to lay down a Project 21631 small-size missile ship". 26 August 2010. http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10125. 
  8. ↑ Johnson, Richard (23 October 2015). "How Russia fired missiles at Syria from 1,000 miles away". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/russian-cruise-missile/?itid=lk_inline_manual_34. 
  9. ↑ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (8 October 2015). "Pentagon: Some Russian cruise missiles crashed in Iran". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/10/07/these-are-the-cruise-missiles-russia-just-sent-into-syria/. 
  10. ↑ Kucera, Joshua (21 November 2015). "Russia Launches More Cruise Missiles From Caspian To Syria". Eurasianet.org. https://eurasianet.org/russia-launches-more-cruise-missiles-from-caspian-to-syria. 
  11. ↑ "Russia despatches one more missile corvette to Mediterranean: agencies". 6 October 2016. https://ca.news.yahoo.com/russia-despatches-one-more-missile-corvette-mediterranean-agencies-090924827.html?guccounter=1. 
  12. ↑ "Russia says video shows launch of missiles from Mediterranean Sea against terrorists in Syria". National Post. 19 August 2016. https://nationalpost.com/news/world/russia-says-video-shows-launch-of-missiles-from-mediterranean-sea-against-terrorists-in-syria. 
  13. ↑ "Analysis: Zeleny Dol corvette passes successful trials". 18 September 2020. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/9009-analysis-zeleny-dol-corvette-passes-successful-trials.html. 
  14. ↑ "Baltic Fleet's ship launches Kalibr missile — press service". TASS. 19 September 2023. https://tass.com/defense/1677121. 
  15. ↑ "Russian Buyan-M Class Corvette Fired Kalibr Missiles Against Ukraine". Naval News. 28 March 2022. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/03/russian-buyan-m-class-corvette-fired-kalibr-missiles-against-ukraine/. 
  16. ↑ Parker, Claire; Steckelberg, Aaron; Kelly, Meg; Nakhlawi, Razzan; Baran, Jonathan (March 24, 2022). "What to know about the long-range cruise missile Russia says it fired". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/24/russia-kalibr-cruise-missile-ukraine-weapons/. 
  17. ↑ "Russian Buyan M Corvette sustained significant damage by Ukrainian drone strikes". 26 June 2022. https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2022/06/26/russian-buyan-m-corvette-sustained-significant-damage-by-ukrainian-drone-strikes/. 
  18. ↑ Shcherbak, Svetlana (8 April 2024). "russian Serpukhov Missile Ship Was On Fire in the Baltic Sea - the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine". https://en.defence-ua.com/news/russian_serpukhov_missile_ship_caught_fire_in_the_baltic_sea_the_defense_intelligence_of_ukraine-10108.html. 
  19. ↑ Tril, Maria (3 July 2024). "Operation Rybalka: HUR damaged Serpukhov ship and received secret data about Russia's Baltic Fleet". Ukrinform. https://www.ukrinform.net/amp/rubric-ato/3881500-operation-rybalka-hur-damaged-serpukhov-ship-and-received-secret-data-about-russias-baltic-fleet.html. 
  20. ↑ Axe, David (2024-11-13). "A Ukrainian Drone Motored 700 Miles And Blasted Three Russian Warships In One Blow". forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/11/06/a-ukrainian-drone-motored-700-miles-and-blasted-three-russian-warships-in-one-blow/. 
  21. ↑ Anton Gerashchenko [@Gerashchenko_en]. "Reports appeard that two warships were hit in Russian Kaspiysk. The "Tatarstan" and "Dagestan" missile ships were reportedly damaged in a drone strike on the Caspian Fleet in Dagestan. Small missile ships of Project 21631 Buyan-M were also damaged". https://twitter.com/Gerashchenko_en/status/1854162196814516295.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  22. ↑ "A Russian Missile Ship Was Fleeing From Drones But Crashed Into A Tanker". 2025-09-28. https://charter97.org/en/news/2025/9/28/657302/. 
  23. ↑ "Ukraine hits Russian cruise missile ship on Lake Onega, military says". 2025-10-04. https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-struck-russias-missile-ship-grad-in-karelia-military-says/. 
  24. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 6 May 2011. http://docklife.ucoz.ru/news/torzhestvennyj_spusk_volgodonska/2011-05-06-160. 
  25. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 28 December 2011. http://flot.com/news/navy/?ELEMENT_ID=101254. 
  26. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 26 April 2012. http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=110735. 
  27. ↑ "Caspian Flotilla received new Stealth corvette". 12 February 2013. http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=16791. 
  28. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 17 December 2012. http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=132772. 
  29. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 18 March 2013. http://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/30583/. 
  30. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 27 July 2014. http://www.zdship.ru/press-center/news-events/1254/. 
  31. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 20 July 2011. http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=83308. 
  32. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 26 August 2011. http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=89395. 
  33. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 19 November 2014. http://vpk-news.ru/news/22785. 
  34. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 19 December 2014. http://vpk-news.ru/news/23208. 
  35. ↑ Malyasov, Dylan (17 June 2022). "New photos show damaged Russian corvette after Ukrainian forces attack". https://defence-blog.com/new-photos-show-damaged-russian-corvette-after-ukrainian-forces-attack/. 
  36. ↑ "Russian Caspian Flotilla Begins Ocean-2024 Naval Exercises". 12 September 2024. https://caucasuswatch.de/en/news/russian-caspian-flotilla-begins-ocean-2024-naval-exercises.html. 
  37. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 24 August 2012. http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=120313. 
  38. ↑ Mevedev, Sergei (3 March 2015). "Russian Black Sea Fleet to get 3 surface ships, two submarines in 2015 — Captain". http://tass.ru/en/russia/780692. 
  39. ↑ "Two ships with missile complex "Caliber-NK" became a part of the Black Sea fleet". 12 December 2015. http://en.news-4-u.ru/two-ships-with-missile-complex-caliber-nk-became-a-part-of-the-black-sea-fleet.html. 
  40. ↑ ""Зелёный Дол" и "Серпухов" пришли на Мальту, а "Ярослав Мудрый" ушёл из Сеуты" (in ru). 9 October 2016. http://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/84513/. 
  41. ↑ "Fifth Buyan-Class Corvette Gets Name of Serpukhov". 18 December 2012. http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=16665. 
  42. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 15 January 2013. http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=134591. 
  43. ↑ Staalesen, Atle (6 June 2025). "Northern Fleet frigate exercises in Baltic Sea". https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/northern-fleet-frigate-exercises-in-baltic-sea/431127. 
  44. ↑ "В Татарстане спущен на воду МРК 'Вышний Волочек'" (in ru). 22 August 2016. http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/16864.html. 
  45. ↑ "Новейший малый ракетный корабль "Вышний Волочёк" принят в состав Черноморского флота" [The newest small rocket ship "Vyshny Volochyok" was accepted into the Black Sea Fleet] (Press release) (in русский). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 1 June 2018. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  46. ↑ "A Russian Missile Ship Was Fleeing From Drones But Crashed Into A Tanker". 2025-09-28. https://charter97.org/en/news/2025/9/28/657302/. 
  47. ↑ Khomenko, Ivan (27 September 2025). "Russian Submarine and Corvette Sustain Major Damage. Here’s What We Know". https://united24media.com/latest-news/russian-submarine-and-corvette-sustain-major-damage-heres-what-we-know-12008. 
  48. ↑ Razdolnaya, E. (19 July 2018). "Спуск Мрк "орехово-Зуево" На Зеленодольском Сз" (in ru). http://nws.su/42389-Spusk-MRK-Orehovo-Zuevo-na-Zelenodol-skom-SZ.html. 
  49. ↑ "Latest cruise missile corvette accepted for service in Russian Navy". 10 December 2018. http://tass.com/defense/1035218. 
  50. ↑ "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk20/2024". 17 May 2024. https://russianfleetanalysis.blogspot.com/2024/05/russian-forces-in-mediterranean-wk202023.html. 
  51. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 26 August 2014. http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=170424. 
  52. ↑ "Торжественная церемония спуска на воду малого ракетного корабля проекта 21631 "Ингушетия"" [Solemn ceremony of launching small rocket ship of project 21631 "Ingushetia"]. Zelenodolsk Shipyard (Press release) (in русский). 11 June 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  53. ↑ "В состав Черноморского флота вошел новейший малый ракетный корабль "Ингушетия"" [The newest small missile ship "Ingushetia" entered the Black Sea Fleet] (Press release) (in русский). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 28 December 2019. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  54. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 10 April 2015. http://flotprom.ru/2015/191505/. 
  55. ↑ "Small Missile Ship - Project 21631". http://russianships.info/eng/warships/project_21631.htm. 
  56. ↑ "На Черноморском флоте собрали экипажи для двух новых кораблей с "Калибрами"" (in ru). http://flot.com/2020/%D7%E5%F0%ED%EE%EC%EE%F0%F1%EA%E8%E9%D4%EB%EE%F220/. 
  57. ↑ "В состав Черноморского флота принят новый малый ракетный корабль "Грайворон"" [A new small missile ship "Graivoron" was accepted into the Black Sea Fleet] (Press release) (in русский). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 30 January 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  58. ↑ "Рогозин: "Зеленодольский завод помог Крыму восстановить свою промышленность"" (in ru). http://www.tatar-inform.ru/news/2017/04/24/550008/. 
  59. ↑ "Project 21631 Grad Launched at Zelenodolsk – SeaWaves Magazine". https://seawaves.com/?p=15234. 
  60. ↑ "В Балтийске на новейшем малом ракетном корабле "Град" торжественно поднят Военно-морской флаг" [The naval flag was solemnly raised on the newest small missile ship "Grad" in Baltiysk] (Press release) (in русский). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  61. ↑ "Два ракетных корабля получат названия «Калуга» и «Таруса»" (in ru). 2022-12-28. https://2023.f.a0z.ru/09/05-11726429-pereimenovaniya.jpg. 
  62. ↑ Khomenko, Ivan (4 October 2025). "Ukraine Strikes Russian Missile Corvette 1,000 km Inside Homeland in Bold Lake Assault". https://united24media.com/latest-news/ukraine-strikes-russian-missile-corvette-1000-km-inside-homeland-in-bold-lake-assault-12194. 
  63. ↑ "11th Project 21631 Corvette Naro-Fominsk Laid for Russian Navy". 25 February 2018. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2018/february-2018-navy-naval-defense-news/5981-11th-project-21631-corvette-naro-fominsk-laid-for-russian-navy.html. 
  64. ↑ "Shipbuilders to float out cutting-edge missile corvette for Russian Navy by Aug 30". https://tass.com/defense/1329977. 
  65. ↑ "Малый ракетный корабль "Наро-Фоминск" планируют спустить на воду 9 декабря". https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/16495833. 
  66. ↑ "Путин примет участие в церемонии поднятия флага на фрегате в Петербурге" (in ru). 25 December 2023. https://ria.ru/20231225/tseremoniya-1917948231.html. 
  67. ↑ "Закладка двенадцатого малого ракетного корабля проекта 21631 "Ставрополь"" [Laying down of the twelfth small missile ship of project 21631 "Stavropol"]. Zelenodolsk Shipyard (Press release) (in русский). 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  68. ↑ "Russia Launches Final Buyan-M-Class Corvette Fitted With Kalibr Cruise Missiles". 13 June 2024. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/06/russia-launches-final-buyan-m-class-corvette-fitted-with-kalibr-cruise-missiles/. 
  69. ↑ Хоменко, Владислав (2025-08-29). "Russia Adds New Kalibr Carriers Into Fleet" (in en). https://militarnyi.com/en/news/russia-adds-new-kalibr-carriers-into-fleet/. 

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