Engineering:CHAYKA

Short description: Radio navigation system

Chayka pulse

Chayka (Russian: Чайка, lit. "seagull") also known as Radioteknicheskaya Systema Dalyoloiy Navigatsii abbreviated as RSDN (lit. Russian Hyperbolic Radio Navigation System) is a Russian terrestrial radio navigation system, similar to Loran-C. It operates on similar frequencies around 100 kHz, and uses the same techniques of comparing both the envelope and the signal phase to accurately determine location. The systems differ primarily in details.

Chayka-Chains

At the hill – RSDN-3/10, Crimea

Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different pulse repetition frequencies (Group Repetition Intervals, or GRIs) to allow the identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies.

There are 5 Chayka chains in use:

• GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)
• GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)
• GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)
• GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)
• GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain
• And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970), Siberian, Angarsk, Sayansk, Transbaikalian, Far East chains deployed on the basis of low-power mobile stations RSDN-10.

Chayka Transmitters

The following Chayka transmitters work with very high power and may use very tall mast antennas (similar to LORAN-C transmitters). The masts at Dudinka and Taymylyr (demolished in 2009) were 460 metres high.

GRI 8000

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Karachev (44 km from Bryansk)	[ ⚑ ] 53°7′50.6″N 34°54′44.8″E			450
W/1	Petrozavodsk	[ ⚑ ] 61°45′32.4″N 33°41′40.4″E	13217.21	10000	700
X/2	Slonim (Belarus )	[ ⚑ ] 53°7′55.2″N 25°23′46″E	27125.00	25000	450
Y/3	Simferopol	[ ⚑ ] 44°53′20.18″N 33°52′23.79″E	53070.25	50000	550
Z/4	Syzran	[ ⚑ ] 53°17′17.6″N 48°6′53.4″E	67941.60	65000	700

GRI 7950

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky	[ ⚑ ] 51°4′42.81″N 142°42′4.95″E			700
W/1	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky	[ ⚑ ] 53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E	14506.5	11000	700
X/2	Ussuriysk	[ ⚑ ] 44°31′58.24″N 131°38′28.6″E	33678.0	30000	700
Y/3	Tokachibuto (Japan)	[ ⚑ ] 42°44′37.2″N 143°43′10.5″E	49104.15	46000	600
Z/4	Okhotsk	[ ⚑ ] 59°25′1.77″N 143°5′18.68″E	64102.05	61000	10

GRI 5980

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky	[ ⚑ ] 53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E			700
W/1	Attu Island (United States)	[ ⚑ ] 52°49′44″N 173°10′49.7″E	14506.5	11000	400
X/2	Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky	[ ⚑ ] 51°4′42.80″N 142°42′4.95″E	31506.5	28000	700

GRI 5960

(No longer in service)

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Dudinka	[ ⚑ ] 69°21′45.20″N 86°41′50.56″E			1200
W/1	Taymylyr	[ ⚑ ] 72°34′48.92″N 122°06′40.29″E			1200
X/2	Pankratiev Island	[ ⚑ ] 76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E			250
Y/3	Inta	[ ⚑ ] 65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E			1200

GRI 4970

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Inta	[ ⚑ ] 65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E			1200
W/1	Tumanny	[ ⚑ ] 69°3′8.4″N 35°40′14.3″E
X/2	Pankratiev Island	[ ⚑ ] 76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E			250

GRI 5970

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Yuzhno-Uralsk	[ ⚑ ] 54°23.1′N 61°20.6′E
W/1	Yekaterinburg	[ ⚑ ] 56°44.8′N 60°31.6′E	15895,1	15000
X/2	Kurgan	[ ⚑ ] 55°22.2′N 65°22.6′E	30939,5	30000

See also

• LORAN, the Western counterpart of Chayka
• Alpha, the Russian counterpart of the Omega Navigation System, still in use as of November 2017.
• OMEGA, the Western counterpart of the Alpha Navigation System, no longer in use.
• Russian 460 metre radio mast