Engineering:Cessna 195
| Cessna 190 & 195 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cessna 195 | |
| Role | Light personal and business aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Cessna Aircraft Company |
| First flight | 1945 |
| Introduction | 1947 |
| Primary users | United States Army United States Air Force |
| Produced | 1947–1954 |
| Number built | 1,180[1] |
| Developed from | Cessna 165 |
_and_1948_Cessna_190_(VH-AAL)_at_Temora.jpg)
The Cessna 190 and 195 Businessliner are a family of light single radial engine powered, conventional landing gear equipped, general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954.[2]
The 195 model was also used by the United States Air Force , United States Army, and Army National Guard as a light transport and utility aircraft under the designations LC-126/U-20.[3][4][5]
Development
The Cessna 190 and 195 were Cessna's only postwar radial-engined aircraft. The first prototype flew in 1945, after the end of World War II and both the 190 and 195 entered production in 1947.[6][7]
The 195 was the first Cessna airplane to be completely constructed of aluminum and features a cantilever wing, similar to the pre-war Cessna 165 from which it is derived. The wing differs from later Cessna light aircraft in that it has a straight taper from root chord to tip chord and no dihedral. The airfoil employed is a NACA 2412, the same as used on the later Cessna 150, 172 and 182.[3][8]
The 190/195 fuselage is large in comparison to other Cessna models because the 42" diameter radial engine had to be accommodated in the nose. There are two rows of seats: two individual seats in the first row, with a comfortable space between them and up to three passengers can be accommodated on a bench seat in the second row.[6]
The 190/195 has flat sprung-steel landing gear legs derived from Cessna's purchase of the rights to Steve Wittman's Big X. Many have been equipped with swiveling crosswind landing gear which allows landing with up to 15 degrees of crab. While the crosswind gear simplifies the actual landing, it makes the aircraft difficult to handle on the ground. The 195 is equipped with a retractable step that extends when the cabin door is opened, although some have been modified to make the step a fixed unit.[3]
The aircraft was expensive to purchase and operate for private use and Cessna therefore marketed them mainly as a business aircraft under the name "Businessliner".[2]
The engines fitted to the 190 and 195 became well known for their oil consumption. The aircraft has a 5-US-gallon (19 L) oil tank, with 2 US gallons (7.6 L) the minimum for flight. Typical oil consumption with steel cylinder barrels is 2 US quarts (1.9 L) per hour.[6]
A factory-produced floatplane version was equipped with a triple tail for improved yaw stability. The tail resembles that of the Lockheed Constellation.[2]
The Cessna 195 produces a cruise true airspeed of 148 knots (274 km/h) (170 MPH) on a fuel consumption of 16 US gallons (61 L) per hour.[3] It can accommodate five people.
Including the LC-126s, a total of 1180 190s and 195s were built.[1]
The 190 was originally introduced at a price of USD$12,750 in 1947 (equivalent to $145,988 in 2019). When production ended in 1954 the price had risen to USD$24,700 (equivalent to $235,155 in 2019) for the 195B. This compared to USD$3,495 for the Cessna 140 two seater of the same period.[3][9]
LC-126/U-20
The LC-126 was the military version of the 300 hp (220 kW) Cessna 195 and could be fitted with skis or floats. 83 LC-126s were delivered, including:[1][3]
- United States Air Force - Cessna LC-126 - 15[3]
- Army National Guard - Cessna LC-126B - 5[5]
- US Army - Cessna LC-126C - 63[3]
Once made surplus the majority of LC-126s were sold as civil aircraft, once modified by a Cessna civil kit.[3][4]
Operational history
The Cessna 190 and 195 are considered "one of the finest classics ever built" by pilots and collectors and are much sought after on the used aircraft market.[1][6]
On July 24, 2017 the number of 190s and 195s still registered in the USA were:[10][11]
- 86 Cessna 190
- 225 Cessna 195
- 125 Cessna 195A
- 126 Cessna 195B
In February 2014 there were three Cessna 190s, eleven Cessna 195s, two Cessna 195As and two Cessna 195Bs registered in Canada.[12][13][14][15] Other Cessna 190 and 195 aircraft have been purchased by private pilot owners resident in Brazil and the United Kingdom .
Variants
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The main difference between the 190 and the 195 models was the engine installed.[4]
- 190
- Powered by a Continental W670-23 engine of 240 hp (180 kW) and first certified on 1 July 1947.[4]
- 195
- Powered by a Jacobs R-755A2 engine of 300 hp (225 kW) and first certified on 12 June 1947.[4]
- 195A
- Powered by a Jacobs L-4MB (R-755-9) engine of 245 hp (184 kW) and first certified on 6 January 1950.[4]
- 195B
- Powered by a Jacobs R-755B2 engine of 275 hp (206 kW) and first certified on 31 March 1952. It featured flaps increased in area by 50% over earlier models.[4][6]
- LC-126A
- Military designation for the Cessna 195, five-seat communication aircraft for the US Army, it could be fitted with skis or floats, 15 built.[5]
- LC-126B
- Similar aircraft to the LC-126 for Air National Guard use, five built.[5]
- LC-126C
- Variant of the LC-126A for instrument training/liaison, 63 built.[5]
- U-20B
- LC-126B redesignated by the USAF after 1962.[5]
- U-20C
- LC-126C redesignated by the USAF after 1962.[5]
Operators
Civil
The Cessna 190 and 195 have been popular with private individuals and companies, and have also been operated by some air charter companies and small feeder airlines.
Military
Cuba
- Cuban Army Air Force operated a single Cessna 190 in the early 1950s.[16]
United States
- Army National Guard[5]
- United States Army[5]
- United States Air Force [17]
Specifications (Cessna 195)
Data from The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition[3]
General characteristics
- Crew: one
- Capacity: four passengers
- Length: 27 ft 4 in (8.33 m)
- Wingspan: 36 ft 2 in (11.02 m)
- Height: 7 ft 2 in (2.18 m)
- Empty weight: 2,100 lb (953 kg)
- Gross weight: 3,350 lb (1,520 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 75 US gallons (280 l; 62 imp gal)
- Powerplant: 1 × Jacobs R-755 radial engine, 300 hp (220 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton Standard constant speed propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 178 mph (286 km/h, 155 kn) [4]
- Cruise speed: 170 mph (270 km/h, 150 kn) at 70% power
- Stall speed: 62 mph (100 km/h, 54 kn) power off, flaps 45°
- Never exceed speed: 200 mph (320 km/h, 170 kn) [4]
- Range: 800 mi (1,300 km, 700 nmi) at 70% power
- Service ceiling: 18,300 ft (5,600 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,200 ft/min (6.1 m/s)
- Wing loading: 15.36 lb/sq ft (75.0 kg/m2)
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Beechcraft Staggerwing
- Stinson Reliant
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Classic Aircraft (2007). "Cessna 190 Series Information". http://www.classicaircraft.com/AircraftComparisons/Cessna195/tabid/111/Default.aspx.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition, page 54. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. ISBN:0-395-62888-1
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Christy. Joe: The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition, pages 18-23. Tab Books, 1979. ISBN:0-8306-2268-3
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 "Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A-790". Federal Aviation Administration. March 31, 2003. http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/b176b378bb2db1388625724300680fe9/$FILE/A-790.pdf.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Harding 1997, pp. 82–83.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, page 92. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. ISBN:0-918312-00-0
- ↑ Shanaberger, Kenneth W. (2008). "Cessna 190/195 Businessliner". http://www.shanaberger.com/cessna_195.htm.
- ↑ Lednicer, David (October 2007). "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". http://www.ae.uiuc.edu/m-selig/ads/aircraft.html.
- ↑ Christy. Joe: The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition, page 12. Tab Books, 1979. ISBN:0-8306-2268-3
- ↑ "FAA registry Cessna 190". Federal Aviation Administration. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=CESSNA+&Modeltxt=190&PageNo=1.
- ↑ "FAA registry Cessna 195". Federal Aviation Administration. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=CESSNA+&Modeltxt=195&PageNo=1.
- ↑ "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 190". Transport Canada. http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=190%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c.
- ↑ "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 195 (includes all variants)". Transport Canada. http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=195%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c.
- ↑ "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 195A". Transport Canada. http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=195A%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c.
- ↑ "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 195B". Transport Canada. http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=195B%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c.
- ↑ Hagedorn 1993, p. 16
- ↑ Bridgman 1951, p. 212c.
- Bridgman, Leonard (1951). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–52. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd..
- Hagedorn, Daniel P. (1993). Central American and Caribbean Air Forces. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-210-6.
- Harding, Stephen (1997). U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Atglen, Pennsylvania, USA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd.. ISBN 0-7643-0190-X. https://archive.org/details/usarmyaircraftsi0000hard_c0o7.
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