Engineering:Dodge M37

Short description: Military truck of the United States

Dodge M37
M37 cargo truck
Type	​3⁄4-ton 4x4 truck
Place of origin	Warren Truck Assembly, Michigan, United States
Service history
In service	1951 until varying per country
Wars	Korean War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Nicaraguan Revolution Salvadoran Civil War Guatemalan Civil War
Production history
Manufacturer	Dodge
Produced	1951-1968
No. built	115,838 – across: — M37: ~63,000 units (1951–1954) — M37B1: 47,600 units (from 1958) — M37CDN: 4,500 Canadian (1951–1955)
Specifications (with winch)
Mass	5,917 lb (2,684 kg) (empty)
Length	15 ft 10 in (4.83 m)
Width	6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Height	7 ft 5 in (2.26 m)
Engine	Dodge T-245 78 hp (58 kW)
Transmission	4 speed X 2 range
Suspension	Live beam axles on leaf springs
Operational range	225 mi (362 km)
Speed	55 mph (89 km/h)

An M56 used as a fire truck in the Lane Motor Museum

The Dodge M37 ​³⁄₄-ton 4x4 truck (G741) was Dodge's follow-up to their successful WC Series from World War II. Introduced in 1951, it was used extensively by the United States armed forces during the Korean war. In the 1970s, they were replaced by the Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) based ​1 ¹⁄₄-ton trucks Kaiser M715 (late 1960s), and Dodge's M880/M890 series (1970s).

History

Six prototypes of the vehicle were produced in early-to-mid 1950 based on the WC series Dodge vehicles used in World War II, with the first pre-production pilot vehicle rolling off the assembly line on 14 December 1950. Many of the components on the M37 are similar or identical to the World War II vehicle and many deficiencies of the previous series were corrected in the M37. Notably, a conventional pickup truck style bed replaced the platform on the World War II vehicle, simplifying production. There was significant drivetrain and powerplant commonality with the WDX series civilian Power Wagons. The M37 shared no sheet metal with the WDX Power Wagon.

Production of the M37 began in earnest in January 1951, with approximately 11,000 vehicles made by the end of that year. By mid-1954 63,000 of the vehicles had been produced. In 1958 a number of modifications to the design resulted in the new vehicles being designated as M37B1. From mid-1958 until the end of production 47,600 M37B1 vehicles were produced. Approximately 4,500 Canadian M37CDNs were also produced between 1951 and 1955. These vehicles continued in service worldwide in the Israeli and Greek militaries.

In total, between 1951 and 1968, some 115,000 Dodge M37s were produced. From 1968 onwards, the U.S. military replaced them with the M-715 family of vehicles, which saw service in the Vietnam War. Although these were higher (1​¹⁄₄ or five-quarter ton) rated, they were militarized "commercial off-the-shelf" (or 'COTS') trucks – and the Kaiser Jeep M715s were considered underpowered and fragile, compared to the purpose-built Dodge M37 tactical trucks they were built to replace. Starting 1976, the U.S. military went back to Dodges, when the M715s were replaced by the Dodge M880 series, again a ​1 ¹⁄₄-ton militarized COTS truck.

It was common in the 1970 and 1980s to encounter these vehicles in government auctions. Many of the vehicles were transferred to civilian agencies and some are still in use today in rural areas. They were out of significant military service by the late 1970s, replaced by the M715 and M880 series.

1953 Dodge M37

Variants

Dodge M42 in the Overloon Museum

Dodge R2 at the Hellenic Air Force Museum

1952 Dodge M152

• M42 command truck
• M43 ambulance
• M53 cab-chassis
• M56 tool truck, has a bumper-mounted winch
  • MB2 Fire and Rescue Truck (M56 with Gichner body)
  • R2 air field rescue truck (w/winch)
• M152 modified enclosed utility truck, Canadian variant
• M201 / V41 telephone maintenance vehicle
• M283 Long Wheel Base (LWB) Cargo Truck
• M506 truck, hydrogen peroxide servicer, PGM-11 Redstone
• V126 truck – for AN/MPX-7 radar

experimental:

• XM142 experimental bomb service truck
• XM152 experimental enclosed utility truck used in small numbers by the USAF
• XM195 experimental lighter, compact version of M37
• XM708 experimental dump truck used mostly by airborne units
• XM711 experimental wrecker truck

Specifications

Engine

The powerplant was identical to the World War II era WC vehicles line, as was most of the drivetrain. The Chrysler Straight-6 cylinder engine was derived from a 1930s era passenger vehicle engine that was widely produced. This was in line with a long-standing military procurement strategy that attempted to use commercially produced vehicle variants in military service.

Many deficiencies with aging design became apparent in the 1960s, including a tendency of the connecting rods to fail at high rpms due to the long cylinder stroke of the engine. As the average speed of the vehicles in the military increased, these engine failures became commonplace due to the low gear ratio of the vehicle, which was originally designed as a multipurpose vehicle capable of transporting heavy loads of ammunition.

• Model: T245 Dodge
• Type: "L" Head, 6 cylinder
• Power: 78 bhp (58.2 kW) at 3200 rpm
• Displacement: 230 cubic inches (3.8 L) (Canadian version used the larger 250.6 cu in (4.1 L) engine)
• Bore: 3 ¹⁄₄ in (82.6 mm), Stroke: 4 ⁵⁄₈ in (117 mm)
• Oil capacity: 6 U.S. quarts (5.7 L)
• Radiator capacity: 25 U.S. quarts (24 L)
• Carter carburetor Model ETW-1 downdraft

M37 B1 Standard specifications sheet (1968).

Driveline

Clutch

• Borg & Beck Model 11828 10 in (250 mm) single plate dry disc (Borg & Beck 11 inch clutch on Canadian version.)

Transmission

• New Process Model 88950 (or NP420)(Acme Model T-98 on Canadian version)
• 4-speed, Synchro-Shift in 3rd and 4th gear

Transfer Case

• New Process 88845 (or NP200)
• Ratio: High 1:1, low 1.96:1
• Twin lever operation, one for 4×4 or 4×2 selection, one for hi or low range

Drive Shaft

• MFG Universal Products

Axles

• Dodge Full Floating (hypoid), ratio 5.83:1
• Front Universal Drive New Process (Tracta joint)

Chassis

Fuel tank

• 24 U.S. gallons (91 L; 20 imp gal) tank (vented through engine air intake for fording purposes)

Electrical

• Ignition, starting, lights, 24 volts

Brakes

• Wagner hydraulic drum
• Parking—external contracting band, 48 square inches (310 cm²)

Steering

• Gemmer Model B-60, worm and sector type

Wheelbase

• Cargo Model M37 and Command Model M42: 112 in (2.8 m)
• Ambulance Model M43 and Tele. Maint. Model V41: 126 in (3.2 m)

Weight

• M37 without winch: 5,687 lb (2,580 kg), M37 with winch 5,987 lb (2,716 kg)

Tire Size

• 9.00 × 16 - 8 ply non-directional military

Winch

• Braden LU-4, PTO operated, 7,500 lb (3,400 kg) capacity (250’ of 7/16" wire rope [75 m by 11 mm] – 10’ [3 m] chain with hook)

Replacement program

During the late 1960s a competition was initiated by the Army, which requested the leading U.S. automotive companies to submit proposals as a replacement for the M37. Several prototype vehicles passed through the preliminary examination, eventually leading the military to accept General Motors XM705 1​¹⁄₄-ton Truck and derivative XM737 Ambulance, which were supposed to replace the M37, instead of the militarized COTS M715 series of trucks. However, Congress cut funds for the program, and the XM705 never reached the assembly line.

Below table lists the comparative specifications of the vehicles involved.

Vehicle			XM705	M715	M37
Engine			Chevrolet 8-307	Kaiser Jeep 6-230	Chrysler T-245
Maximum horsepower			200 at 4,600 rpm	132.5 at 4,600 rpm	94 at 3,400 rpm
Net brake horsepower			140 at 4.000 rpm	116 at 4,000 rpm	79 at 3,400 rpm
Speed (miles per hour) on 3​1⁄2 percent slope with towed load in 4th gear			41	0	0
Cruising range (miles)			300	225	122
Weight distribution (percent)		Front	44	36	42
		Rear	56	64	58
Ground pressure (maximum)			128	16.1	12.75
Ground clearance under axles (inches)			11.8	10	10.75
Angle (degrees) of	Approach	With winch	61	33	38
		Without winch	61	45	44
	Departure		45	25	32

Gallery

• 

  1953 M37 and 1953 M101 trailer

• 

  1953 straight six

• 

  1953 M37

• 

  Interior of 1953 M37

• 

  M37 in front of a B-17G operated by the Experimental Aircraft Association.

See also

• Dodge WC series
• G-numbers
• List of Dodge automobiles
• List of U.S. military vehicles by model number
• Weapons of the Salvadoran Civil War

References

• Crismon, Fred W. (2001). US Military Wheeled Vehicles (3 ed.). Victory WWII Publications. pp. 243–245. ISBN 0-970056-71-0. 
• Doyle, David (2003). Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles. Krause Publications. pp. 62–69. ISBN 0-87349-508-X. 
• TM 9-2320-212-10 M37 Series Operator's Manual. US Dept. of the Army. 1973. 
• TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles. US Dept. of the Army. February 1953. pp. 169, 172, 174. https://www.scribd.com/doc/183017787/TM-9-2800-1-1953-INCLUDING-C1-EN-C2-pdf. Retrieved 1 December 2014. 
• Reinemann, Carl. "Dodge M37 History, Restoration, Documentation". http://dodgem37.com/. 

External links

• Dodge M37 Resource - Reinemann, Carl
• Dodge M37 Registry
• M37B1 ​³⁄₄ Ton Gun Truck
• V-126 radar truck