Engineering:Electric vehicle ownership in Australia

From HandWiki

The total stock of electric vehicles in Australia is approximately 23,000 as of the 2020/2021 financial year.[1] 6,718 of these electric cars were sold in 2019 alone with the other sales occurring since 2011.[1][2][3][4][5] 10,051 of the Australian electric vehicle stock consists of Teslas with 30% of these Teslas sold in 2020 alone.[6] In May and June 2021, electric vehicles accounted for 2% of new car sales in Australia, with approximately 5,000 Tesla vehicles sold in the first half of 2021.[7][8] This is up from 2020 when 1% of new car sales in Australia were electric vehicles.[9] While approximately 20% of new car sales are either full-electric or hybrid electric vehicles.[10] Nearly 2% of vehicles in Australia are either BEVs or PHEVs.[11] However, it has been determined that approximately 66% of Australians will be driving electric cars by 2030.[12] Moreover, 56% of Australians would consider an electric car when they next bought a vehicle.[13] In early 2020, electric vehicle registrations nearly doubled the registrations of the previous year, showing the rapidly increasing popularity of electric vehicles in Australia.[14] Australia’s EV imports increased 500% year on year in February 2021 to almost $125m.[15] At the current growth rate, 17,376 plug-in electric vehicles are projected to be sold in Australia in 2021.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Based on early 2021 EV sales, Australia is expected to more than double 2020's total EV sales in 2021.[22][16][7][21] However, Australia could even register 20,000 new electric vehicles in 2021 as MG plan to sell 3,000 MG ZS EVs in 2021 alone.[23][18][19] This includes between 2,880 to 3,508 projected PHEVs to be sold in Australia in 2021, exceeding the 1,685 PHEVs sold in 2020.[16][22][21] 2021 Q1 PHEV sales in Australia increased 75% compared to 2020, with more than half of the total PHEV sales in 2020 already being sold in Q1 2021.[22] Also at the current growth rate, 71,133 hybrids are projected to be sold in Australia in 2021.[16] This would surpass 2020’s record number of 60,000 hybrid vehicle sales in Australia.[16] In 2022, a minimum of 24,000 EVs will likely be sold in Australia with BYD planning to sell 4,000+ EVs in Australia in 2022 and Splend ordering 3,000 EVs from Nexport arriving in early 2022.[24][25] In 2020 there were more EVs in New Zealand than Australia, despite Australia having five times the population of New Zealand.[26] 26,000 EVs were registered in New Zealand in 2020 and the government plan to have an additional 60,000 electric vehicles on New Zealand roads by 2023, further surpassing Australia.[26] However, in 2019 New Zealand planned to have 64,000 electric vehicle in the country by 2021, when it was projected New Zealand would reach 100% electric vehicle sales by 2030[27] While a similar sized country to Australia, Canada has 188,100 EVs and had 50,960 new EV sales in 2019 alone, with a 100% electric vehicle sales target by 2030.[28][29][30][31]

The Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV SUV was the country's original top-selling plug-in electric vehicle, with over 2,906 sold through March 2018.[32] PHEV SUVs also account for two-thirds of PHEV sales in Australia.[22] However, Tesla accounted for 70% of the 6,718 electric car sales in 2019 with the full-electric Tesla Model 3 making up two-thirds of electric car sales in the year.[33] Specifically the Tesla Model 3 constituted 90% of Tesla sales in Australia in 2020.[34] Tesla is also the third most trusted automotive brand in Australia.[35] Australia is Tesla's 14th largest electric car market with Australian Tesla owners having saved 42,856,005 lbs of CO2 from the atmosphere by early 2019.[36] Australia is also a popular electric vehicle market due to Australia's largest city, Sydney having the most ideal average temperature for maximising EV range in the world.[37] Moreover, approximately 80% of plug-in electric vehicle sales in 2019 in Australia were pure BEVs.[13] The full-electric Tesla Model X and Model 3 are also Australia's second and third safest cars,[38] while the all-electric Mercedes-Benz EQC was named the "Best Car" in Australia in 2019.[39] Unsurprisingly the Tesla Model 3 was the most viewed electric vehicle on Carsales in 2020,[40] and the Mercedes-Benz EQC was the second most viewed electric vehicle.[40] Carsales data also highlighted a significant increase in views and enquiries overall for hybrid and full-electric vehicles in 2020.[40] In 2021, Hyundai also offered COVID-19 vaccinated Australians a chance to win an electric car.[41]

Tesla and Volvo are currently the only two major car manufacturers to offer only electric cars to the Australian market from 2021.[42] However, Cupra (owned by Volkswagen) is due to enter the Australian market in 2022 and likely only sell plug-in electric cars.[43] Volkswagen will also only sell electric cars in Australia in 2026 at the latest, as the manufacturer will stop production of petrol-powered ICE vehicles by 2026.[44] Volkswagen aim for 60% of the cars it produces to be electric by 2030.[45] Mercedes-Benz also intends to only sell electric vehicles in Australia in 2039 at the latest with plans to stop the production of petrol and diesel engine vehicles by 2039.[46] This transition will likely occur sooner due to Mercedes-Benz's commitment for 50% of its sales to be electric by 2030.[47] This is followed by General Motors who intend to only produce and sell 100% electric vehicles by 2035.[48] BMW also aim for 20% of its vehicle sales to be electric by 2023 and 50% of sales to be electric by 2030.[49][50] BMW plan a full offering of 12 fully electric models by 2023.[49] BMW also plans to introduce 25 plug-in electric vehicles by 2023 and a representative indicated most – if not all – were intended to come to Australia.[51] BMW confirmed that its Mini brand will only sell battery-powered cars by the early 2030s.[52] Volvo Cars is only going to sell electric vehicles by 2030[53] Peugeot will sell an electric version of every model in its range by 2025.[54] Honda will only sell hybrids and electric vehicles by 2022 and is aiming for 100% electric vehicles by 2040.[55][56] In 2020 Mercedes parent Daimler stated they would invest $114 billion in electric vehicles.[57] Subaru plan to have 100% electric car sales by 2030.[58] Peugeot also plan to have an electrified version of every model in its range by 2025.[59] While Hyundai will only sell electric cars by 2040.[60] Toyota Australia said they plan to offer an extensive range of electric vehicles in Australia and will strive to achieve a powertrain mix that includes a form of electrification across their entire vehicle range by 2030.[61] Toyota Australia said their approach showed their absolute commitment to reducing their CO2 footprint through the adoption of new technologies.[62] Ford Australia also said in 2021 that more hybrid and electric models were around the corner for the Australia market.[63]

Melbourne has the largest number of electric vehicles and highest concentration of electric vehicle chargers in Australia.[64][65] An inner city suburb of Melbourne is also home to the most frequently used charging station in Australia.[66] The 2021 Australian Open in Melbourne and Melbourne Cup have also been used for the launch of electric vehicles in the country.[67][68] The 2022 Australian Open will also be used for the launch of the Kia EV6 and the entire car fleet will be electric vehicles.[69]

The state of Victoria is Australia's largest and most important electric vehicle market, with the most electric vehicle purchases in Australia between 2011 and 2021.[70][65] Victoria accounts for the most electric vehicles sold in Australia, with 7,000 sold by early 2021, followed by New South Wales with 6,400 electric vehicles.[71][72][65] Victoria is also Australia's most significant electric vehicle market because it had the most electric vehicle chargers in the country.[70] Similarly, Victoria's capital city Melbourne, had the highest concentration of charging stations in Australia in 2017.[70] In 2021, the inner city suburb of Brunswick in Melbourne attracted the highest number of charge sessions per month of any charging station in Australia.[73] Approximately 60% of the 2,307 existing electric vehicle chargers in Australia are located in Victoria and New South Wales alone,[5] and 60% of the 14,727 electric cars in Australia in early 2020 were registered in Victoria and New South Wales.[5] The eastern states of Australia (Victoria, NSW, ACT, South Australia, Queensland and Tasmania) alone account for approximately 90% of the total electric vehicle stock in Australia.[1] However, South Australia’s charger network is growing the fastest of any state with plans to install 560 additional electric vehicle chargers in the state beginning in 2021.[74] The Liberal South Australian government aim for 100% of new car sales to be electric vehicles by 2035,[75] and plan to ensure electric vehicles are mainstream and the "common choice" for new vehicle purchases in 2030, as well as the "default choice" by 2035.[74] South Australia's electric vehicle infrastructure investment will see the charger network grow by almost 340%.[74] This is followed by the ACT with 50 planned new chargers, Victoria with 24 planned new chargers, New South Wales with 20 planned chargers, Tasmania with 14 planned chargers and Queensland with 13 planned chargers.[76][77][78][79][80][81]

In 2020, Victoria even stated that non-electric car owners who park in designated electric vehicle parking areas would be fined up to $330.[82] Lexus stated they intend to showcase the electric UX 300e during the 2021 Melbourne Cup, showing their commitment to Victorian consumers, who are the second largest consumers of electric cars in Australia.[83][5] Kia also advertised their electric e-Niro at the 2021 Australian Open in Melbourne.[84][85][86][87] Victoria also manufactures electric vehicles with a commercial electric vehicle manufacturing facility to be established in 2021, producing 2,400 vehicles per year.[88] The Victorian company SEA Electric also manufactures electric trucks and other vehicles for domestic and international markets.[89][90][91] $700 million has been allocated to create a Sydney and Moss Vale electric vehicle manufacturing industry and hub including buses, passenger cars and trucks from Nexport.[91] Nexport aim for the 25,000 total taxis in Australia to be transitioned to electric by 2025.[91] $5 million has also been announced to create an EV manufacturing facility in Adelaide.[92] Tesla's Australian-based Chairwoman also believes Australia could manufacture electric vehicles and revive parts of the Australian Automotive manufacturing industry.[93] Australia supplies 75% of the lithium and 33% of the nickel to Tesla cars and Ms Denholm says “Australia is capable of supplying almost all of it!”.[94] Overall, Victoria, ACT, NSW, South Australia and Tasmania represent the largest markets in the country for electric car sales.[70] This is in comparison to Western Australia where in 2020, there were only 1,500 electric vehicles in the state, equating to 1% of all vehicles in the state.[95]

In New South Wales, electric vehicle ownership is the highest in the Sydney CBD, the inner eastern suburbs and the North Shore.[96] Similarly, Teslas in New South Wales were most common in the Sydney CBD and the inner eastern suburbs.[97] Sydney suburbs with the most Teslas include Sydney CBD, Vaucluse, Mosman, Bondi, Rose Bay, Haymarket, Barangaroo, Centennial Park, Watsons Bay, Bellevue Hill, Lavender Bay, Darlinghurst, Dover Heights, Bronte, Castle Cove, Manly, Seaforth, Avalon, Curl Curl, Crows Nest, Baulkham Hills, Strathfield. Castlecrag, Chatswood, Hunters Hill, Lindfield, Lane Cove, Normanhurst, Saint Ives and Killara.[98][99] Similarly, electric vehicles were most commonly registered in the Sydney CBD, Lane Cove, St Ives, Vaucluse, Mosman, Bellevue Hill, Point Piper and Crows Nest.[100] In Victoria, Teslas were the most common in the Melbourne CBD, inner south and inner eastern suburbs.[97] Melbourne suburbs with the most Teslas include Melbourne CBD, Albert Park, Armadale, Caulfield, Brighton, Brighton East, South Yarra, Glen Iris, Toorak, Camberwell, Hawthorn (Auburn), Kew, Cremorne, Burnley, Mount Waverley, Glen Waverley and Balwyn.[98][99] Similarly, electric vehicles were most commonly registered in the inner city of Melbourne, South Yarra, Toorak, Brighton, Richmond, Kew and Glen Waverley.[101] In Queensland, Teslas were the most common in the Brisbane CBD.[97] Brisbane and Gold Coast suburbs with the most Teslas include Brisbane CBD, Ascot, Newstead, Fig Tree Pocket, Highgate Hill, Milton, Petrie Terrace, Chelmer, Chapel Hill, Teneriffe, South Stradbroke, Pinjarra Hills, Helensvale, Bundall, Kunda Park, Gold Coast, Benowa, Labrador, Gaythorne and Southern Lamington.[98][99] Teslas are also popular in the Adelaide CBD and Cottesloe in Perth.[98][99] However, the ACT had the highest uptake of Teslas per 100,000 people in the country.[102] While the Northern Territory had the smallest uptake of Teslas of all the states.[102] This is despite 79% of the Northern Territory population supporting the NT Government in providing incentives to purchase EVs in the state.[103] Electric car manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz have specifically catered to these high electric vehicle owner suburbs by employing electric vehicle sales agents in the nearest dealerships.[104]

Australia has a significant electric vehicle manufacturing industry focusing on electric utility vehicles, electric buses, electric passenger cars, electric micro mobility (scooters), electric motorbikes, electric emergency aircraft, electric light aircraft, electric boats and electric ferries.[105][106] Notable Australian electric vehicle manufacturers and researchers include SEA Electric, ACE EV Group, Nexport (TrueGreen Mobility), AusMV, Red Automotive Technologies, Voltra, Bustech, Raine, Savic, Fonzarelli (Fonz Moto), BajaBoard, Evolve Electric Skateboards, AVE Robotics, SenSen Networks, Precision Buses, Mearth Electric Scooters, Zoox (Amazon), AutoCRC, Vmoto, Evolution, Jaunt, Zoomo, Augusta Golf Cars, EcoTeq, e-Motion Concepts, EMoS, EV Automotive (EV-A), Austal, Impact Boats, SkyBus, Janus Electric, Traction EV, DNS Electric Vehicles, Carbon Revolution, EV North, AMSL Aero and MagniX.[107][108][109][106][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][105][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] These companies sell both vehicles to the domestic and international markets.[110] ACE EV Group expect to offer 15,000 Australian made electric vehicles a year to the Australian market in 2021 and 2022.[110] In 2021, ACE EV had 100 pre-ordered X1 Transformers and planned to manufacture 300 in 2022, then 24,000 units by 2025 or 2026.[135] ACE EV also have their own V2G bi-directional charging technology.[135] X1 Transformers delivers are expected in early 2023.[136] ACE EV Group currently assemble their electric vehicles in Adelaide with Aldom and are raising $5 million to produce 15,000 EVs a year by 2025, at the latest.[137][138] Aldom Motor Body Builders and ACE-EV plan to build 15 vehicle-to-grid capable “Transformer” EVs by late 2021 under a new business named Aldom Electric Vehicle Manufacturing.[139] The companies plan to produce 15,000 vans, utes and cars a year by 2025.[140] 50% of the parts to manufacture ACE EV Group's electric vehicles are sourced from Australia.[141][138] ACE-EV also intend to develop an Australian EV R&D facility.[138] AusMV Atlis Ute is launching in 2023 with 9,500 planned to be sold in 2023 and another 9,500 planned for 2024.[142] TrueGreen Mobility has built 110 electric buses in collaboration with BYD and manufactures in Ballarat in Victoria and Glendenning in New South Wales.[143] TrueGreen Mobility and Foton Bus Australia also formed a partnership and plan to manufacture hydrogen-powered FCEV buses in NSW by Q1 2022.[144] TrueGreen Mobility also plan to build an Australian made electric ute in the future.[143] TrueGreen will also establish an EV R&D team and engineering facility in Australia as well as obtaining their own EV production lines in China.[145] Bus manufacturer Volgren which is based in Melbourne, also produce 87% Australian made electric buses which are used in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane.[146] Volgren is set to build approximately 50 new electric buses to be on Sydney roads in 2021.[146] Volgren will also deliver Australia’s first Volvo chassis electric bus to Perth in 2021.[146] Volgren’s buses have 39-seats and a range of 250 km.[146] Enel X plan to offer e-bus chargers and solutions to the Australian market.[147] Australian company GB Auto also expect to distribute 2,000 Tembo branded all-electric ute conversion kits in Australia by 2025.[148] Australian based Evee and Tesla Taxi allow electric vehicle owners to rent their car to other Australians.[149][150] Sonnen also offer a low cost electric vehicle rental service to its home battery customers which is similar to AGL's EV subscription offering in major capital cities.[151] Ride-hailing rental startup Splend will also make 50% of their Australian vehicles (750 cars) electric by late 2022.[152] Lime, Bird, Beam, Neuron Mobility as well as the Australian dock-less electric scooter ride sharing start-up RIDE exist in various states.[153][154][155][156][157] Beam have 6,000 vehicles active across Australia and New Zealand.[158] In the ACT, 4,035 e-scooter trips were taken per day up until September 2020 which shows the popularity of this mode of transportation.[159] In Brisbane an estimated 5000 e-scooter trips have been taken everyday.[160] Australia’s trucking industry also uses swappable batteries for travel between Brisbane and Sydney.[161] In 2019, Macquarie Group partnered with BYD to bring electric trucks to the Australian market.[162] Macquarie Group called on industries with large transportation fleets, such as the mining sector, to also convert to electric vehicles.[163] Victoria-based mining supplier Safescape has had mining EVs since 2018.[164] While BHP are partnering with Caterpillar to develop electric mining trucks.[165] Qantas has a partnership with Tesla whereby Qantas frequent flyers can attend exclusive events showcasing Teslas.[166] Qantas members can also charge their electric vehicles while they fly.[166] In 2018, a Tesla Model X towed a Qantas Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner at Melbourne Airport.[167]

Electric vehicle charging infrastructure operators and manufacturers in Australia include EVUp, Chargefox, Evie Networks, Linga Network, JET charge, JOLT Charge, Tritium, Chargepoint, EVSE, eGo Dock, Keba, NHP Electrical Engineering and EVERTY.[168][169][170][171] The Federal Government is also assisting oil companies to diversify into electric vehicle charging infrastructure and hydrogen refuelling stations as demonstrated by Caltex with Evie Networks.[170][172] The majority of these charging stations from various operators can be found on the PlugShare Australia map.[173] Electric vehicle charger operators have also partnered with McDonalds, Woolworths, Coles, Dan Murphys, IKEA, Puma Energy, Caltex and others to ensure suitable charging locations across Australia.[174][175][176][170][177][178] Velocity Points can also be earned by EV owners through charging stations at 7-Eleven.[179] Insurance providers such as RACV, RACT, NRMA, RAC, RACQ and RAA have also been key contributors to the expansion of the national electric vehicle charger network as well as Wilson Transformers.[180][181][44] RACV and NRMA also offer their EV owner customers 20% off charging costs at Chargefox chargers.[182] NRMA provide an electric vehicle driver training service as well.[183] Poncho Insurance also provides competitive Tesla insurance for Australians.[184] Australia also has Green Car Loans offered in partnership with the Clean Energy Finance Corporation, whereby EV and low emission vehicle owners pay a reduce rate as low as 3.29% on their car loan.[185] Bank First, Bank Australia, Loans.com.au, Transport mutual credit union and LCU all offer green car loans.[186] 20,000 electric vehicle owners in Australia use the Chargefox electric vehicle charging network which is the largest in Australia.[187][44][1] Chargefox state this is over 80% of all BEV owners in Australia.[187] Chargefox has powered more than 5 million carbon-free km of travel and has abated around 1500 tonnes of carbon emissions.[188] Chargefox was also the first electric vehicle charger provider to offer 5 years of free unlimited charging with new electric car purchases from Volvo, BMW, Nissan, MG, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar, Audi and Porsche.[23][44] Chargefox also have a partnership with the energy provider Powershop, to offer various incentives for electric vehicle owners.[189] Tesla also offer 1,500 kilometers of free supercharging for newly referred customers and the Tesla owner referee.[190]

The 2018 Electric Vehicle Council report Recharging the Economy, stated a high adoption of electric vehicles has the potential to boost GDP by $3 billion and support almost 14,000 new jobs by 2030, and has other positive economic effects including lower fuel costs, better fuel security, improved public health and growth of EV supply chains.[191] Introducing better fuel efficiency standards like the Euro 6 fuel standard would not only improve air quality in cities but would also save $500 off the motorist’s bill every year.[192] Australian household would also save between $2000 and $4000 in petrol or diesel if they made the switch to EVs.[193] However, a government-commissioned report found air pollution would cause the deaths of at least 2,500 people across Sydney and Melbourne in the year 2030 even if the federal government rapidly reduced poisonous car fuel emissions.[194] Australian company EVUp and the Australian Electric Vehicle Association created an Idle Off Project to educate school children on the dangers of air pollution from idling vehicles.[195] A federal government-commissioned report had suggested Australian electric vehicle sales could reach 50% by 2030 under the right market conditions.[10] Also a study in 2020 by ClimateWorks Australia, stated that at least 50% of all new cars sold in 2030 will need to be electric vehicles to remain within 2C of global warming by 2050.[196] In 2019, it was stated that 61% of all passenger vehicle sales in Australia were expected to be electric by 2040.[197] Federal Government modelling had also suggested electric vehicles would account for 65% of new car sales by 2050, based on current policies.[198] Furthermore, in another study electric vehicles were projected to account for 70% to 100% of new vehicle sales by 2040 and at least 30% of the vehicle fleet in Australia.[199] In fact, if electric vehicle sales were to continue to double each year until 2028, electric vehicles would represent more than 50% of new car sales in Australia by 2028.[200] However, at the current growth rate, electric cars will account for 13% of new car sales by 2030 in Australia.[201] This is half of the federal government's most recent projection of 26% of car sales to be electric by 2030.[201]

Melbourne Water committed to transition to a 100% electric vehicle fleet by 2030.[202] The Western Australian government owned water utility, WA Water Corporation also uses electric vehicles in its fleet.[203] IKEA Australia has committed to a 100% electric vehicle fleet by 2025 with a total of 350 electric vehicles.[204] 10% of IKEA Australia’s fleet already compromises electric vehicles.[204] Uber Australia also intend for all drivers to use electric vehicles by 2030.[205] Domino’s Australia uses eMOS electric delivery vehicles in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane.[206] While Woolworths, Australia Post and Linfox use a range of electric vehicle delivery vehicles.[207][208][209] Fortescue Metals’ will also operate solely 100% electric vehicles by 2040.[161] It has a target of net zero operational emissions by 2040 of which its mining fleet operations account for half of its operational emissions.[161] Kingspan aim for their 20-car fleet to be electric by 2025.[210] SeaLink Travel Group intend to have 55 electric tourist buses by mid 2022.[211] Powershop and its parent company Meridian Energy also use electric vehicles.[212] AGL is an EV100 member and has committed to transition its 400 corporate vehicles to 100% electric vehicles by 2030.[213] AGL also offer an electric vehicle subscription service available in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane with its own electric vehicle owner power plan.[214][215][216] AGL also intends to provide free fast chargers to 250 battery-electric vehicle (BEV) owners as part of a trial between early-2021 to mid-2023, to assess EV charging and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology across Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.[217] Nissan is assisting the ACT government in trialing Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology and will offer V2G for all Nissan EV owners by the end of 2021.[218][219] Origin Energy have already supplied 150 electric vehicle chargers to EV owners to conduct similar trials.[220] Optus, Discover Energy, SenSen Networks and Watt & Well partner with ACE-EV plan to trail V2G technology.[139] Synergy’s Electric Vehicle Home Plan trial also offers Western Australians 60 free kilometres per month of EV driving and receive $200 (excl GST) EV Home Plan Incentive for the first year.[221] Energy providers such as Powershop, Red Energy, Ovo Energy and AGL all offer electric vehicle owner power plans and incentives.[222][223][224][225][226][215] Australian EV owners and enthusiasts include Ash Barty, Osher Günsberg, Jimmy Barnes, Mike Cannon-Brookes, Scott Farquhar, Simon Hackett and Ash Grunwald.[227][228][229][230][231][232][233] Atlassian co-founder Mike Cannon-Brookes and Simon Hackett were few of the first Australians to purchase a Tesla Model S in 2015.[231][232]

By 2025, Hyundai plan to offer 44 electrified vehicles in Australia of which 23 will BEV models.[234] This would ensure Hyundai offer the widest range of EVs to Australians with the aim of becoming a leading Australian EV provider.[234] Plug-in hybrids occupy around 10% of Volvo's sales in Australia and this percentage is increasing rapidly.[235] Volvo will only sell PHEVs, BEVs and hybrid vehicles to the Australian market from mid-2021.[42] The Volvo XC40 Recharge electric car accounted for one in three XC40 SUVs sold by the Swedish-Chinese carmaker in 2021 and 21% of all its sales for the month of September 2021.[236] The electric Taycan also accounts for 50% of Porsche sales in Australia in 2021.[237][238] In 2021, the Porsche Taycan had outsold the Porsche 911 in Australia.[239] To the end of August, sales of both BMW battery-electric and hybrid vehicles were up 172 per cent compared with the same period last year.[240] Registrations of battery-electric and plug-in hybrid BMW and MINI models saw a 216 per cent year-to-date increase to the end of August 2021.[240] Similarly, 25% of Toyota's sales in Australia were hybrids with some form of electrification selling 54,000 hybrids alone in 2020.[241] Toyota accounts for 85% of Australia's more than 60,000 hybrid vehicle sales as of 2020 and 90% of sales in 2021.[242][243] As of 2021, Toyota had sold more than 200,000 hybrid cars in Australia with the majority sold between 2018 to 2020.[242] Victoria is a significant market for hybrid vehicles with 57,000 hybrid car owners in the state.[242] The hybrid Toyota RAV4, Yaris and Camry were the most popular with Toyota’s Kluger Hybrid due to arrive in June 2021.[241] Toyota Australia stated the addition of the Toyota Kluger Hybrid showed the brands commitment to a sustainable future in Australia.[241]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Schmidt, Bridie (2020-12-23). "How many electric cars are there in Australia, and where are they?" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2020/12/23/how-many-electric-cars-are-there-in-australia-and-where-are-they/. 
  2. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2020-03-06). "Tesla claims 80% of Australian market as electric vehicles near 18,000 mark" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2020/03/06/tesla-claims-80-of-australian-market-as-electric-vehicles-hit-8000-mark/. 
  3. ↑ Latimer, Cole (2018-11-27). "Electric cars continue push into Australia despite lack of government support" (in en). https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/electric-cars-continue-push-into-australia-despite-lack-of-government-support-20181127-p50iky.html. 
  4. ↑ Harris, Rob (2020-02-05). "Sharp jump in electric vehicle sales underscores 'untapped potential'" (in en). https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/sharp-jump-in-electric-vehicle-sales-underscores-untapped-potential-20200202-p53wx3.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Guthrie, Susannah (2020-10-29). "The Australian states with the most electric car charging points" (in en-au). https://www.drive.com.au/news/the-australian-states-with-the-most-and-fewest-electric-car-charging-points-124474. 
  6. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2020-12-16). "Tesla sales in Australia top 10,000, still selling twice as many EVs as all rivals combined" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2020/12/16/tesla-sales-in-australia-top-10000-still-selling-twice-as-many-evs-as-all-rivals-combined/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Schmidt, Bridie (2021-06-07). "Tesla "army" arrives in Australia, in what will be record-shattering quarter" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/07/tesla-army-arrives-in-australia-in-what-will-be-record-shattering-quarter/. 
  8. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-06-25). "Tesla Model 3 gains on Australian ICE market, as 2021 sales reach new high" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/25/tesla-model-3-gains-on-australian-ice-market-as-2021-sales-reach-new-high/. 
  9. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-05-05). ""Historic opportunity:" NSW hints at EV incentives and petrol car sales ban" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/05/05/historic-opportunity-nsw-hints-at-ev-incentives-and-petrol-car-sales-ban/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 McDonald, Hamish (2020-12-14). "Australia's Morrison feeling the heat on climate change" (in en-US). https://asiatimes.com/2020/12/australias-morrison-feeling-the-heat-on-climate-change/. 
  11. ↑ "Gold Coast to get more electric car charging stations but widespread EV use 'a pipedream'" (in en-AU). 2021-01-19. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-19/more-electric-car-charging-stations-coming-to-gold-coast/13069812. 
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  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Readfearn, Graham (2020-08-18). "Electric vehicle sales triple in Australia despite lack of government support" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/aug/19/electric-vehicle-sales-triple-in-australia-despite-lack-of-government-support. 
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  15. ↑ "As 'uniquely hostile' Australia readies its EV tax, imports jump a whopping 500 per cent" (in en-US). 2021-03-25. https://stockhead.com.au/energy/as-uniquely-hostile-australia-readies-its-ev-tax-imports-jump-a-whopping-500-per-cent/. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Hagon, Toby (2021-05-05). "Strong EV, hybrid sales in April as new car market booms" (in en-US). https://evcentral.com.au/strong-ev-hybrid-sales-in-april-as-new-car-market-booms/. 
  17. ↑ Schmidt, Bridie (2021-04-09). "Tesla, MG and Porsche lead doubling of electric car sales in first quarter" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/04/09/tesla-mg-and-porsche-lead-doubling-of-electric-car-sales-in-first-quarter/. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Electric vehicle sales on track to overtake last year's total by June | CarAdvice" (in en). https://www.caradvice.com.au/951348/electric-vehicle-sales-on-track-to-overtake-last-years-total-by-june/. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Electric car sales figures show Australian EV uptake stuck in the slow lane" (in en). https://www.whichcar.com.au/car-news/australian-ev-uptake-stuck-in-the-slow-lane. 
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  238. ↑ Fernyhough, James (2021-06-03). "Australia EV sales quadruple in May, as Porsche drivers go electric" (in en-US). https://thedriven.io/2021/06/03/australia-ev-sales-quadruple-in-may-as-porsche-drivers-go-electric/. 
  239. ↑ "Porsche Taycan electric car outsells 911 in Australia" (in en-AU). 2021-10-18. https://www.drive.com.au/news/porsche-taycan-electric-car-outsells-911-in-australia/. 
  240. ↑ 240.0 240.1 "This is when electric vehicles will outsell combustion engines in Australia, according to an expert" (in en-AU). 2021-10-13. https://www.businessinsider.com.au/electric-vehicles-outsell-combustion-engines-australia. 
  241. ↑ 241.0 241.1 241.2 "Toyota's important new SUV on the way" (in en). 2021-04-13. https://www.news.com.au/technology/motoring/motoring-news/2021-toyota-kluger-hybrid-due-to-arrive-in-australia-soon/news-story/3c4b1dc55e9f1994b3970593142a4598. 
  242. ↑ 242.0 242.1 242.2 Hannam, Peter (2021-06-26). "Budget removes registration discount for Victoria’s hybrid car owners" (in en). https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/budget-removes-registration-discount-for-victoria-s-hybrid-car-owners-20210626-p584ia.html. 
  243. ↑ "Toyota launches all-new electric vehicle" (in en). 2021-04-19. https://www.news.com.au/technology/motoring/motoring-news/toyota-to-launch-bz4x-electric-suv-in-australia/news-story/43e213d277ea117f408b70e9ee0d755c. 




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