Engineering:Elliptical dome
An elliptical dome, or an oval dome, is a dome whose bottom cross-section takes the form of an ellipse.[1] Technically, an ellipsoidal dome has a circular cross-section, so is not quite the same.
While the cupola can take different geometries, when the ceiling's cross-section takes the form of an ellipse, and due to the reflecting properties of an ellipse, any two persons standing at a focus of the floor's ellipse can have one whisper, and the other hears; this is a whispering gallery.
The largest elliptical dome in the world is at the Sanctuary of Vicoforte in Vicoforte, Italy.[2][3][4]
In architecture
Elliptical domes have many applications in architecture; and are useful in covering rectangular spaces. The oblate, or horizontal elliptical dome is useful when there is a need to limit height of the space that would result from a spherical dome. As the mathematical description of an elliptical dome is more complex than that of spherical dome, design care is needed.[5]
In a geodesic dome with a circular base, the triangular elements align so their edges form great circles. Although not geodesic, a new, elliptical design was patented in 1989; it uses hexagons and pentagons to form a dome with a cross section that is elliptical. Due to its mathematical derivation, this design is called "geotangent".[6]
World examples
Elliptical domes come up in the design of all of the following:
- A number of mosques in Cairo, Egypt,[5]
- Part of St. Peter's Basilica, in Rome, Italy[7]
- The Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville, in Asheville, North Carolina,
- The Church of Saint Roch, Žižkov, in Prague, Czech Republic,
- The Four Domes Pavilion, in Wroclaw, Poland,
- The Indiana Theatre, in Indiana , city of Indianapolis,
- The Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, at the University of Chicago,
- The Kanteerava Indoor Stadium, in Bangalore, India,[8]
- The Mayflower Hotel, in Washington, DC,
- The Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, in Andalusia,
- The Palau Nacional, in Barcelona, Spain ,
- The Pisa Cathedral, in Pisa, Italy,
- The Rose Hill Mansion, Bluffton, in Bluffton, South Carolina,
- The San Filippo Neri, in Turin, region of Piedmont, Italy,
- The Sant'Andrea in Via Flaminia, in Rome, Italy,
- The Santa Caterina, Casale Monferrato, in Casale Monferrato, Province of Alessandria, region of Piedmont, Italy,
- The Seville Cathedral, Spain,
- The Skyspace Lech, Tannegg/Oberlech in Vorarlberg, the westernmost federal state of Austria,
- The State Savings Bank Building, in City of Sydney, Australia ,
- The Temple Sinai, in Oakland, California,
- The Sanctuary of Vicoforte, in Italy.
See also
- Pendentive
- Beehive house
- Beehive tomb
- Catenary arch
- Clochán
- Ellipsoid
- Onion dome
- Parabolic arch
References
- ↑ Arun, G (2006). "Behaviour of Masonry Vaults and Domes: Geometrical Considerations". http://www.hms.civil.uminho.pt/sahc/2006/0299.pdf.
- ↑ "Visiting the largest elliptical dome in the world, in Vicoforte". 25 April 2016. https://www.italyrivieralps.com/2016/04/25/read-more/argomenti/video/articolo/visiting-the-largest-elliptical-dome-in-the-world-in-vicoforte.html.
- ↑ Chiorino, Mario Alberto (2008). "Modeling Strategies for the World's Largest Elliptical Dome at Vicoforte". International Journal of Architectural Heritage 2 (3): 274–303. doi:10.1080/15583050802063618. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15583050802063618?mobileUi=0&journalCode=uarc20.
- ↑ Aoki, Takayoshi. "Structural characteristics of the elliptical masonrydome of the sanctuary of Vicoforte". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247658003.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Elkhateeb, Ahmed Ali (2012). "Domes in the Islamic Architecture of Cairo City: A Mathematical Approach". Nexus Network Journal 14: 151–176. doi:10.1007/s00004-011-0103-3. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00004-011-0103-3.pdf.
- ↑ "Polyhedral structures that approximate an ellipsoid". https://patents.google.com/patent/US4825602A/en.
- ↑ "The Engineering Behind Saint Peter's Basilica". http://engineeringrome.org/the-engineering-behind-saint-peters-basilica/.
- ↑ Kobielak, Sylwester (November 27, 2016). "Oval concrete domes". https://coek.info/queue/pdf-oval-concrete-domes-.html.
External links and references
Creating elliptical domes
Calculations
- Site for calculating figures related to elliptical domes
- Another site for calculations
- Dome calculator
More general references
- Buckling of Externally Pressurized Prolate Ellipsoidal Domes
- An article addressing many topics, including elliptical domes
- Use of elliptical domes, notably in Islamic architecture
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical dome.
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