Engineering:INS Arihant

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Short description: Indian nuclear powered submarine


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INS Arihant (SSBN 80) (lit. Conqueror), is the lead ship of Indian Navy's Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines. The vessel was built under the Advanced Technology Vessel project at the Ship Building Centre in Visakhapatnam. The submarine was launched on 26 July 2009, and after fitting out and extensive sea trials, she was commissioned in August 2016, and deployed operationally in 2018.

Design

Conceptual drawing of INS Arihant

INS Arihant is the first of the five planned Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. submarines designed and constructed as a part of the Indian Navy's Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project launched in 1984.[1][2] The design of the submarine is based on the Soviet designed Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.,[3] one of which was under the service of the Indian Navy under the name INS Chakra.[4][5] As per the Indian Navy, Arihant is intended to be more of "a technology demonstrator" than a fully operational ballistic missile submarine.[6]

The vessel is powered by an 83 MW pressurized water reactor and uses enriched uranium fuel.[7][8] It is based on a land-based prototype that was built at the Madras Atomic Power Station at Kalpakkam and made operational in September 2006.[9] The reactor was built at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, with Russian aid in miniaturising the reactor to fit into the hull of the nuclear submarine.[10][11] The submarine has a double hull design,[12] and the hull was built by the Larsen & Toubro shipbuilding facility at Hazira. Tata Power SED built the control systems for the submarine, and the steam turbine system was supplied by Walchandnagar Industries.[13] Consultancy was provided by Russia.[14]

Armament

The Arihant has four vertical launch torpedo tubes, which can carry upto 12 (three per tube) K-15 missiles or four K-4 missiles. The K-15 missile possesses a range of 750 km (470 mi),[15] and the K-4 missile has a longer range of 3,500 km (2,200 mi), and had commenced trials in 2014.[16][17][18]

Development and launch

K-15 missile launched from Arihant

The construction of the submarine began in the early 2000s,[19] with the nuclear reactor integrated into the hull in January 2008.[20] The Arihant was introduced to the public at a symbolic launch ceremony on 26 July 2009, [21] on the 10th anniversary of the conclusion of the Kargil War.[22] The vessel was floated by flooding the dry dock at Visakhapatnam, in the presence of Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh.[23] It was expected that the integration of systems, and sea trials would take further three to five years.[24] On 7 August 2012, the Chief of the Naval Staff told that sea trials of the submarine would commence in the coming months, and she was progressing towards operationalisation.[25] On 27 January 2013, the K-15 missile completed its final developmental tests and was integrated with the submarine.[26] On 10 August 2013, the nuclear reactor of the submarine went critical, after the reactor's was slowly power until it reached full power.[7][27] On 13 December 2014, the Arihant sailed north along the Bay of Bengal coast for its sea based trials.[28] On 25 November 2015, an unarmed K-15 missile was successfully test-fired from the submarine.[29] The sea trials were completed by early February 2016.[30][31] In August 2016, prime minister Narendra Modi commissioned the Arihant into the Indian Navy,[32][33] which completed India's nuclear triad.[34][35]

Operational history

Indian prime minister Narendra Modi addressing the crew of INS Arihant

In January 2018, it was reported that an aft hatch on the submarine was left open by mistake while the submarine was docked in 2017, leading to saltwater flooding the propulsion compartment, rendering the submarine inoperative for ten months while the corroded pipes were replaced.[36][37][38][39] The Indian defence ministry refused to comment on the allegation, claiming it would be a breach of national security.[40] In the aftermath of the allegations, there was conflicting information about if the flood could have actually occurred due to the design of the submarine and location of hatches.[12][41]

On 5 November 2018, the Indian Navy announced that that INS Arihant had completed its first 20-day long deterrent patrol the previous day.[42][43] Prime minister Modi met with the crew of the submarine after the successful completion of the first patrol.[44]

On 14 October 2022, INS Arihant successfully launched an SLBM with a predetermined range and hit the target area in the Bay of Bengal with accuracy.[45] As per a defence ministry source, the missile launched was a K-15 Sagarika missile.[15]

See also

  • Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist., second submarine in the Arihant class
  • Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist., home-port of the INS Arihant
  • List of active Indian Navy ships
  • Submarines of the Indian Navy

References

  1. ↑ Unnithan, Sandeep (December 10, 2017). "A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines". India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10. 
  2. ↑ Anandan, S. (20 December 2014). "INS Arihant may be of limited utility". The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-arihant-may-be-of-limited-utility/article6709623.ece. 
  3. ↑ "SSBN Arihant Class Submarine, India". Naval Technology. http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/arihant-class/. 
  4. ↑ "Arihant – Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)". Global Security. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/atv.htm. 
  5. ↑ "Leased Russian n-submarine to set sail for India this month end". India Today. 15 December 2011. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/invisible-india/story/leased-russian-n-submarine-to-set-sail-for-india-this-month-end-148919-2011-12-14. 
  6. ↑ Pandit, Rajat (3 December 2009). "Home-made nuke sub INS Arihant to be inducted in 2 years". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Home-made-nuke-sub-INS-Arihant-to-be-inducted-in-2-years/articleshow/5293123.cms. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Pandit, Rajat (10 August 2013). "Reactor of India's first indigenous nuclear submarine INS Arihant goes 'critical'". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Reactor-of-Indias-first-indigenous-nuclear-submarine-INS-Arihant-goes-critical/articleshow/21737816.cms. 
  8. ↑ Pandit, Rajat (17 July 2009). "India set to launch nuclear-powered submarine". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-set-to-launch-nuclear-powered-submarine/articleshow/4787167.cms. 
  9. ↑ Subramanian, T.S. (2 August 2009). "PWR building shows indigenous capability, says Kakodkar". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/03/stories/2009080353810100.htm. 
  10. ↑ Malhotra, Jyoti (12 August 2013). "How India's pride INS Arihant was built". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/how-india-s-pride-ins-arihant-was-built-113081100745_1.html. 
  11. ↑ Singh, Harmeet Shah (26 July 2009). "India launches nuclear submarine". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/07/26/india.nuclear.submarine/index.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Bedi, Rahul (30 December 2021). "India Quietly Launches Third Arihant-Class Nuclear-Powered Submarine: Report". The Wire. https://thewire.in/security/india-quietly-launches-its-third-arihant-class-nuclear-powered-submarine-report. ""It also features a double hull"" 
  13. ↑ Joseph, Josy (27 July 2009). "Private sector played a major role in Arihant". Daily News and Analysis. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_private-sector-played-a-major-role-in-arihant_1277435. 
  14. ↑ Bagla, Pallava (3 August 2009). "Russians helped with INS Arihant's heart: Kakodkar". NDTV. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/russians-helped-with-ins-arihant-s-heart-kakodkar-6659. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Peri, Dinakar (14 October 2022). "INS Arihant launches Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-arihant-launches-submarine-launched-ballistic-missile/article66010395.ece. 
  16. ↑ Subramanian, T.S. (8 May 2014). "Success on debut for undersea launch of missile". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/success-on-debut-for-undersea-launch-of-missile/article5986757.ece. 
  17. ↑ "India tests new underwater nuclear missile". The Times of India. 26 March 2014. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-tests-new-underwater-nuclear-missile/articleshow/32694060.cms. 
  18. ↑ Thapar, Vishal (10 May 2014). "India tests 3,000 km range n-missile in secret". The Sunday Guardian. http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/india-tests-3000-km-range-n-missile-in-secret. 
  19. ↑ Jayaraman, KS (13 August 2009). "India's Nuclear Sub Doesn't Have Working Reactor Yet". Daiji World. http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=64065&n_tit=India%27s+Nuclear+Sub+Doesn%27t+Have+Working+Reactor+Yet. 
  20. ↑ "The secret undersea weapon". India Today. 17 January 2008. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&&issueid=37&id=3659&Itemid=1&page=in&latn=2. 
  21. ↑ "Wife of Indian PM launches home-made nuclear attack submarine". Xinhuanet. 26 July 2009. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/26/content_11775324.htm. 
  22. ↑ Unnithan, Sandeep (16 July 2009). "Exclusive: PM's wife to launch INS Arihant, India's first nuclear submarine". India Today. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51956&sectionid=4&secid=&Itemid=1&issueid=114. 
  23. ↑ "India inducts nuke submarine into navy". The Hindu. 26 July 2009. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200907261621.htm. 
  24. ↑ Von Kospoth, Nicolas (28 July 2009). "India's INS Arihant Makes First Contact with Water". Defense Professionals Daily. http://www.defpro.com/daily/details/364/. 
  25. ↑ "India's first home-built nuclear submarine INS Arihant set for trials". 7 August 2012. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-07/news/33083483_1_ins-arihant-nuclear-submarine-sea-trials. 
  26. ↑ Mallikarjun, Y.; Subramanian, T. S. (27 January 2013). "India successfully test-fires underwater missile". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-successfully-testfires-underwater-missile/article4350553.ece. 
  27. ↑ "Arihant achieves criticality when the boat was "already in the sea"". Jagran Josh. 11 August 2013. http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/nuclear-reactor-of-ins-arihant-achieved-criticality-when-the-boat-was-in-the-sea-1376214166-1. 
  28. ↑ "India's nuclear submarine Arihant flagged off for sea trials". The Economic Times. 13 December 2014. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/indias-nuclear-submarine-arihant-flagged-off-for-sea-trials/articleshow/45526418.cms. 
  29. ↑ "Indigenous n-sub's sea trials by year-end". Business Standard. Indo-Asian News Service. 2 November 2014. https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/indigenous-n-sub-s-sea-trials-by-year-end-114110200417_1.html. 
  30. ↑ "INS Arihant not to feature at International Fleet Review: Indian Navy chief". The Economic Times. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ins-arihant-not-to-feature-at-international-fleet-review-indian-navy-chief/articleshow/50865629.cms. 
  31. ↑ Pubby, Manu. "India's first nuclear submarine INS Arihant ready or operations, passes deep sea tests". The Economic Times. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-first-nuclear-submarine-ins-arihant-ready-for-operations-passes-deep-sea-tests/articleshow/51098650.cms. 
  32. ↑ "INS Arihant completes India's nuclear triad, PM Modi felicitates crew". The Economic Times. 6 November 2018. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ins-arihant-completes-indias-nuclear-triad-pm-modi-felicitates-crew/articleshow/66509959.cms. 
  33. ↑ Singh, Ashish (17 October 2016). "NewsX Exclusive: India completes 'nuclear triad' with INS Arihant". NewsX. http://www.newsx.com/national/43962-newsx-exclusive-india-completes-nuclear-triad-with-ins-arihant. 
  34. ↑ "Now, India has a nuclear triad". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/now-india-has-a-nuclear-triad/article9231307.ece. 
  35. ↑ "India's nuclear triad is complete with INS Arihant ending its first deterrence patrol" (in en-IN). The Hindu. 2018-11-05. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-arihant-completes-deterrence-patrol-india-declares-nuclear-traid-operational/article25425436.ece. 
  36. ↑ "India Learned One Way How to Sink a $3 Billion Dollar Submarine: Leave a Hatch Open". The National Interest. 22 August 2019. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/india-learned-one-way-how-sink-3-billion-dollar-submarine-leave-hatch-open-75361?amp. 
  37. ↑ Peri, Dinakar; Joseph, Josy (8 January 2018). "INS Arihant left crippled after 'accident' 10 months ago". The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-arihant-left-crippled-after-accident-10-months-ago/article22392049.ece. 
  38. ↑ Pubby, Manu (8 January 2018). "India's only nuclear-armed submarine is back in the water after contamination fears". ThePrint. https://theprint.in/report/indias-only-nuclear-armed-submarine-ins-arihant-is-back-in-the-water/27307/. 
  39. ↑ Suciu, Peter (28 June 2021). "The Dumbest Way Ever to Sink a Submarine? An Open Hatch (It Nearly Happened)" (in en-US). https://www.19fortyfive.com/2021/06/the-dumbest-way-ever-to-sink-a-submarine-an-open-hatch-it-nearly-happened/. 
  40. ↑ "Is INS Arihant Damaged? Can't Divulge Information in National Interest, Says Government". News18. 21 March 2018. https://www.news18.com/news/india/is-ins-arihant-damaged-cant-divulge-information-in-national-interest-says-government-1695833.html. 
  41. ↑ "Deep diving into the facts about INS Arihant 'accident'". The Economic Times. 12 January 2018. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/deep-diving-into-the-facts-about-ins-arihant-accident/articleshow/62468708.cms?from=mdr. 
  42. ↑ Siddiqui, Huma (5 November 2018). "INS Arihant: India's first indigenous nuclear-powered submarine completes Nuclear Triad; PM Modi hails crew; top things to know". The Financial Express. https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/ins-arihant-indias-first-indigenous-nuclear-powered-submarine-completes-nuclear-triad-pm-modi-hails-crew-top-things-to-know/1373492/. 
  43. ↑ Unnithan, Sandeep (5 November 2018). "INS Arihant returned yesterday from 20-day deterrent patrol". India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-arihant-returned-yesterday-from-20-day-deterrent-patrol-1383188-2018-11-05. 
  44. ↑ "Prime Minister felicitates crew of INS Arihant on completion of Nuclear Triad". Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Press release). 5 November 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  45. ↑ "INS Arihant carries out successful launch of submarine launched ballistic missile". The Indian Express. 14 October 2022. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ins-arihant-successful-launch-of-submarine-launched-ballistic-missile-8208825/. 

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