Engineering:Ithaca 37

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Ithaca Model 37
Ithaca 37.jpg
Riot model with black pistol grip and green sling
TypeShotgun
Place of originUnited States
Production history
DesignerJohn Browning, Harry Howland
Designed1933
ManufacturerIthaca Gun Company
Industrias Marcati
Produced1937–present
VariantsBataan Modelo 71[1]
Ithaca Model 87
Specifications
MassVaries
Length760mm-1006mm
Barrel length13 inches (330 mm) to
30 inches (760 mm)
Cartridge12, 16, 20, or 28 gauge
BarrelsPlain
Ribbed
Rifled
ActionManually operated, pump-action
Feed system4, 5, or 7-round tubular magazine (riot, standard, and extended tube versions)

The Ithaca 37 (or Model 37) is a pump-action shotgun made in large numbers for the civilian, law enforcement and military markets. Based on a 1915 patent by firearms designer John Browning for a shotgun initially marketed as the Remington Model 17, it utilizes a novel combination ejection/loading port on the bottom of the gun which leaves the sides closed to the elements.

History

Following the First World War, the Ithaca Gun Company sought to produce a pump-action shotgun to compete with the ubiquitous Winchester Model 1912. They used the Remington Model 17 as their model and made modifications—such as simplifying and cost-saving alterations of the firing pin and ejection mechanism, the work of Ithaca designer Harry Howland in 1931[2]—while waiting for related patents to expire. After gearing for production of their new shotgun as the Ithaca Model 33 in 1933, Ithaca discovered a Pedersen patent that would not expire until 1937, and production had to be delayed. In 1937, it was released as the Ithaca 37.

With the depression dragging on and another war looming on the horizon, it was possibly the worst time to introduce a sporting arm. Many sporting arms ceased production entirely during the same period. While Ithaca did produce some shotguns for military use during the war, they also produced M1911 pistols and M3 submachine guns.

After World War II, Ithaca resumed production of the Model 37. Made in many different models, the Ithaca 37 has the longest production run for a pump-action shotgun in history, surpassing that of the Winchester Model 12, the original inspiration for Ithaca's entry into the market. Ithaca has suffered many setbacks in its history and changed hands numerous times. At one time, the Ithaca 37 was renamed the Model 87, although it was soon changed back in one of many ownership changes. Production paused in 2005 when Ithaca once again changed hands. Production has resumed in Upper Sandusky, Ohio.

According to an article by the Ithaca Times dated June 11, 2003, the one-millionth Model 37 was produced in 1968; and as of 2003, more than 2,000,000 Model 37s have been produced. The Ithaca 37 is the only pre–World War II shotgun still in production.

Operation

Loading the Ithaca 37 involves inserting shotshells of the proper gauge through the loading/ejection port in the bottom of the receiver and pushing them forward into the magazine until retained by the shell stop. The slide release is pressed and the slide retracted completely then pushed forward. Pulling the trigger fires the gun and releases the slide for reloading. On most models up to 1975, a second sear was installed that would drop the hammer as soon the gun went into battery if the trigger was in a depressed condition. Thus, holding the trigger down allowed the gun to fire the instant a new round is cycled into the chamber without requiring the trigger to be released; this feature was called "slam-fire". Otherwise, the Model 37 operates in much the same way as other pump-action shotguns; with the exception that, unlike most pump-action (and semi-automatic) long arms - which usually eject expended shells to one side, usually the right - the Model 37 ejects them downward, through the aforementioned loading/ejection port. This has made the Ithaca popular with left-handed users, who may fear hot shells being thrown at them by other guns.

Selected versions

  • S-prefix: were manufactured for a 1962 United States military contract. S-prefixed serial numbers ran from approximately 1,000 to 23,000 with "U.S." on the receiver and "P" proof markings on the barrel and receiver. The guns have a Parkerized finish with a 20 inches (51 cm) barrel and plain stock with plastic butt plate and no sling swivels. A few later contracts produced smaller numbers of guns with sling swivels and serial numbers in the high 900,000 range. Some had "duckbill spreader" shot diverters for use by United States Navy SEALs. Others were fitted with a ventilated handguard and bayonet adapter. New bayonets were manufactured by General Cutlery, Inc. and Canada Arsenal, Ltd.[3]
  • Ultralite: an aluminium receiver variation.
  • Deerslayer: a version with a shortened barrel and rifle-style sighting system.
  • Turkeyslayer: a Synthetic stock (in black and camo pattern) version designed for turkey hunting.[4]
  • DSPS: for Deerslayer Police Special. A military and police version
  • Stakeout: short version with a 13 inches (330 mm) barrel and pistol grip stock. Because of its barrel length and overall length, this model is classified as a National Firearms Act 'any other weapon'
  • 28 Gauge: 28 gauge model built on traditional size 28 gauge receiver.
  • Defense: an affordable 12 or 20 gauge model built for home defense purposes. 18.5" barrel with 5-round capacity or 20" barrel with 8-round capacity. Essentially the same as the Model 37 M&P's used by military and police for many years.

Users

The Model 37 was used by the United States Armed Forces in World War II,[5] the Korean War, and especially the Vietnam War, where it gained a great reputation for reliability in the jungles of Vietnam when generally used by special and special operations forces like the Navy SEALs[6] and Army Green Berets.[7] The largest single users outside the US Military were the New York City Police Department and the Los Angeles Police Department. The New York City Police Department used 2 versions of the Model 37: one with a 13" barrel with forend hand-strap for its Emergency Service Unit and one with an 18" barrel for its Highway Patrol and solo patrol officers of designated low-crime precincts through a short-lived program spanning from the late 1970s to early 1980s. The Model 37 was issued by the LAPD beginning in the 1940s and remained in service until the late 1990s. Other users include the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department and various military, police, and security agencies and prisons around the world. The Ithaca 37 remains a popular choice among civilians for both sport and personal protection. The Model 37 Featherlight has commonly been seen in the hands of farmers and hunters in the midwestern United States.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "A Indústria de Armas na Argentina". 23 August 2011. https://armasonline.org/armas-on-line/a-industria-de-armas-na-argentina/. 
  2. ↑ "An Official Journal of the NRA | A Look Back at the Ithaca Model 37 Shotgun". https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2016/8/25/a-look-back-at-the-ithaca-model-37-shotgun/. 
  3. ↑ Canfield, Bruce N. American Rifleman (March 2002) pp. 44-47 & 92-95
  4. ↑ "An Official Journal of the NRA | A Look Back at the Ithaca Model 37 Shotgun". https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2016/8/25/a-look-back-at-the-ithaca-model-37-shotgun/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Thompson, Leroy (20 August 2013). US Combat Shotguns. Osprey Publishing. pp. 18–19, 48. ISBN 9781780960142. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thompson, Leroy (20 August 2013). US Combat Shotguns. Osprey Publishing. pp. 6-7, 19, 59, 62-64. ISBN 9781780960142. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gordon L. Rottman (25 July 2002). Green Beret in Vietnam 1957–73. Osprey Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 9781855325685. 
  8. ↑ Dockery, Kevin (2004). Weapons of the Navy SEALs. Berkley Publishing Group. p. 382. ISBN 0-425-19834-0. 
  9. ↑ Thompson, Leroy (20 August 2013). US Combat Shotguns. Osprey Publishing. pp. 19, 59. ISBN 9781780960142. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "The Ithaca Model 37 In U.S. Military Service". American Rifleman. 18 May 2015. https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/the-ithaca-model-37-in-u-s-military-service/. 
  11. ↑ Gordon L. Rottman (10 October 2008). US Army Long-Range Patrol Scout in Vietnam 1965-71. Osprey Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 9781846032509. 
  12. ↑ "Evolution of shotguns in the Marine Corps". United States Marine Corps. 13 February 2015. https://www.pendleton.marines.mil/Main-Menu/News/News-Article-Display/Article/566146/evolution-of-shotguns-in-the-marine-corps/. 
  13. ↑ Liptak, Eugene (25 November 2021). US Navy Special Warfare Units in Korea and Vietnam - UDTs and SEALs, 1950–73. Osprey Publishing. pp. 23, 36, 48. ISBN 9781472846921. 
  14. ↑ Thompson, Leroy (20 August 2013). US Combat Shotguns. Osprey Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 9781780960142. 
  15. ↑ "Vintage LAPD Ithaca M37 Shotgun Lottery". The Firearm Blog. 12 July 2016. https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/07/12/vintage-lapd-ithica-shotgun-lottery/. 
  16. ↑ "NYPD's Elite E-Men". Tactical Life. July 2009. http://www.tactical-life.com/magazines/tactical-weapons/nypds-elite-e-men/?scrape=true. 

References

  • Fawcett, Bill. Hunters & Shooters, An Oral History of the U.S. Navy SEALS in Vietnam. NY: Avon Books, 1995. ISBN:0-380-72166-X, pp. 79–80, especially.
  • Snyder, Walter C. Ithaca Featherlight Repeaters, The Best Gun Going. NC: Cook and Uline Pub, 1998. ISBN:0-9629469-1-5




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