Engineering:Kia Picanto

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Short description: City car
Kia Picanto
2018 Kia Picanto 3 Automatic 1.2 Front.jpg
2018 Kia Picanto
Overview
ManufacturerKia
Also calledKia Morning
Production2003–present
Body and chassis
ClassCity car
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorKia Visto

The Kia Picanto is a city car that has been produced by the South Korean car manufacturer, Kia, since 2003. Other names of the car include Kia Morning (Korean: 기아 모닝, romanized: Gia Moning) in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan (first two generations) and Chile, Kia EuroStar in Taiwan (first generation), Kia New Morning in Vietnam[1] and the Naza Suria or Naza Picanto in Malaysia (first generation).[2] The Picanto is primarily manufactured at the Donghee joint-venture plant in Seosan, South Korea,[3] though some countries locally assemble complete knock-down versions of the car.

The vehicle has been developed in compliance with the "light car" (Korean: 경차, romanized: Gyeongcha) category in South Korea which offers tax incentives for vehicles with exterior dimensions below 3,600 mm (141.7 in) in length and 1,600 mm (63.0 in) in width.[4][5]

Name origin

The name “Picanto” relates to the Spanish and Italian words “picante/piccante”, meaning “spicy.”

The Korean’s version name “Morning” may trace its origin from the “Morning Calm”, as a reference to South Korea’s tradition. Since 1886, when a book written by Percival Lowell obtained large success in the United States in narrating the history of Korea, the country started to be internationally referred as “the Land of Morning calm”,[6] and its ruling monarchy the Joseon, became known abroad as the “Morning Dynasty”.

First generation (SA; 2003)

First generation (SA)
2004 Kia Picanto LX 1.1 Front.jpg
2004 Kia Picanto LX (pre-facelift)
Overview
Also called
  • Kia Morning
  • Kia Picanto Morning
  • Kia Euro Star (Taiwan)
  • Kia Eko Taxi (Colombia)
  • Naza Suria (Malaysia)
  • Naza Picanto (Malaysia)
Production1 September 2003–2011
Assembly
  • South Korea: Seosan (Donghee)[7][8]
  • Malaysia: Gurun (Naza)[9]
  • Vietnam: Chu Lai (Thaco Kia)[10]
Body and chassis
Body style5-door hatchback
PlatformHyundai-Kia SA
Related
Powertrain
Engine
  • petrol:
  • 999 cc Epsilon I4
  • 1086 cc Epsilon I4
  • 1248 cc Kappa I4
  • petrol/LPG:
  • 999 cc Epsilon I4
  • diesel:
  • 1120 cc U I3
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,370 mm (93.3 in)
Length3,535 mm (139.2 in)
Width1,595 mm (62.8 in)
Height1,480 mm (58.3 in)
|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight836–945 kg (1,843–2,083 lb)
2004 Kia Picanto LX (pre-facelift)
Interior

The first generation Picanto was revealed at the 2003 Frankfurt Motor Show.[13] It was based on a shortened platform of the Hyundai Getz and was 3,495 mm (137.6 in) long, with a five-door hatchback body style.[14] The car was available with a choice of two petrol engines: a 1.0-litre, with 61 hp (45 kW) and 86 N⋅m (63 lb⋅ft), or a 1.1-litre, with 65 hp (48 kW) and 97 N⋅m (72 lb⋅ft), both with multipoint injection.[15] In Europe, a 1.1-litre three-cylinder diesel engine (based on the Kia Cerato's 1.5-litre four-cylinder unit) was also available, with direct injection and a variable geometry turbocharger, the power reaching 75 hp (55 kW) and a torque of 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft). The petrol engines had a combined consumption of 5.1 L/100 km (55 mpg‑imp) and 5.2 L/100 km (54 mpg‑imp) respectively, while the diesel used 4.4 L/100 km (64 mpg‑imp). An automatic gearbox (with torque converter)[16] was optional for the petrol units. In some countries, it was sold with a 1.2-litre engine, also used on the newer Hyundai i10.[citation needed]

To increase its appeal in the European market, the Picanto was equipped with such features as CD player with MP3 audio playback, air conditioning, front and patented rear electric windows, remote central locking, and electric mirrors. These features were advertised in a short-lived campaign starring Marcus Grönholm.

Safety

Euro NCAP test results for a LHD, 5-door hatchback variant on a 2004 registration:

Euro NCAP test results
Kia Picanto (2004)[17]
Test Score Rating
Adult occupant: 17 3 /5 stars
Child occupant: 37 4 /5 stars
Pedestrian: 6 1 /4 stars

Facelift

2007

The Picanto received a facelift in 2007. Among the minor changes were the light clusters (front and rear), a new bumper and front grille. For the UK and Cyprus markets, the indicator stalk was switched to the opposite side. For the Italian market, a new bi-fuel LPG version debuted alongside the 1.0 L and 1.1 L engines. This model also saw a change in power steering configuration from hydraulic to electric.

2010

In 2009, for the 2010 model year, the Picanto received some minor interior and exterior changes, including a new front fascia that incorporates the 'tiger nose' grille.[18] This facelifted model would not be exported to Europe.

Second generation (TA; 2011)

Second generation (TA)
Kia Picanto Fünftürer Vision 1.0 CVVT Schneeweiß.JPG
Picanto 5-door (pre-facelift)
Overview
Also calledKia Morning
Production2011–2017
2019–present (Pakistan)
Assembly
DesignerPeter Schreyer
Park Kee-hong[23]
Cho Kwae-jae[24]
Body and chassis
Body style3/5-door hatchback
Related
Powertrain
Engine
  • 1.0 L Kappa II MPI I3 (petrol)[25]
  • 1.0 L Kappa II FFV I3 (petrol/ethanol) (Brazil)[26]
  • 1.0 L Kappa II MPI I3 (TCi petrol)[27]
  • 1.25 L Kappa II MPI I4 (petrol)
  • 1.0 L Kappa II LPi I3 (petrol/LPG)[28]
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,385 mm (93.9 in)
Length3,595 mm (141.5 in)
Width1,595 mm (62.8 in)
Height1,490 mm (58.7 in)
|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight840–900 kg (1,852–1,984 lb)

The second generation Picanto made its debut at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.[29] Designed by Kia's European design team based in Frankfurt, Germany , under the direction of Peter Schreyer, the new model is longer in wheelbase and overall length than its predecessor. The Picanto is offered with a choice of two gasoline engines: a 1.0 liter three-cylinder[25] or a 1.25 liter four-cylinder. The Europe-spec 1.25 liter engine features ecoDynamics, Kia's start-stop system.[30] In addition, there is also a petrol/LPG version of the 1.0 liter engine available.[28] The Brazil version is equipped with a flex fuel version of the 1.0 liter engine that uses both petrol and ethanol.[26]

The Picanto was available worldwide (except North America, Venezuela, China , and Singapore) as a 5-door hatchback while the European market received the exclusive 3-door variant.[31] The 3-door version is the same length as the 5-door model, but it sports new windows and doors, different bumpers and a front grille with silver or red trim.[32] In South Korea, the Morning is offered in a Sport Pack, which consists of the 3-door's front and rear bumpers, as well as a digital speedometer.[33]

In some countries, the Picanto name is accompanied by a modifier for marketing reasons. Examples include Picanto Ion for Colombia,[34] Picanto R for Ecuador,[35] Picanto Flex for Brazil ,[36] Picanto K1 for Thailand,[37] and Picanto 1250 for New Zealand.[38] In the Indonesian market, the 1.0 liter variant was named Morning 1.0 to distinguish it from the 1.2 liter Picanto; this variant was sold in 2015 only.[39]

The second-generation facelifted Picanto for the Pakistani market was launched at Pakistan Auto Parts Show (PAPS) 2019. It is locally assembled at Lucky Motor Corporation's plant in Karachi. It is offered in two variants: one of the variants comes with 5-speed manual transmission while the other comes with 4-speed CVT. Both variants are equipped with the 1.0 liter Kappa II MPI I3 petrol engine. Production commenced in August 2019, with actual sales starting October 2019.[40][41][42][43]

Picanto R-Cross

In November 2013, Kia Netherlands released a limited edition model called the Picanto R-Cross. Marketed to compete with the Volkswagen CrossUp, this model featured a black body kit that wrapped around the wheel wells and was fitted with 14" alloy wheels. Only 500 units of the R-Cross were produced.[44][45]

Marketing

As part of the marketing campaign for the Picanto, Kia produced a promotional video featuring the world's first nail art animation. Over 900 artificial nails and 1,200 bottles of nail polish were used in a span of 25 days (with each nail taking two hours to paint) to create images of the Picanto in motion.[46]

In the UK, the Picanto is the official sponsor of the ITV dating game show Take Me Out. Kia UK released a series of viral videos on their YouTube channel to promote both the car and the programme. Each video features actress Natasha Barrero, as she drives a black Picanto 3-door before being swooned over by different men.[47]

A Lemon Grass Morning appears as the transforming robot Tobot D in the South Korean animated series Tobot.[48]

Awards

The Picanto won the iF product design award in the "Transportation Design" category in 2011[49] and the Red Dot award in the "Automobiles, transportation, commercial and water vehicles" category in 2012.[50][51] Top Gear magazine named the Picanto "Bargain Car of the Year" in 2011.[52] The Association of Scottish Motoring Writers awarded the Picanto as "Best Small Car" in 2011.[53] In South Africa, the Picanto took the Standard Bank People's Wheels Award for "Budget Buys - Affordability First" three years straight from 2011 to 2013.[54][55] In 2016, J.D. Power and Associates awarded the Picanto on UK Vehicle Dependability Study (VDS) in the City Car category.[56]

Facelift

2014

For the 2014 model year, the Morning in South Korea was updated to use the European three-door's front and rear bumpers with the headlights incorporating a new LED daytime running light system. The interior featured a revised instrument cluster with a digital speedometer. The silver trim was replaced with a gloss black trim. A touchscreen multimedia stereo system was offered as an option. The new model was equipped with seven airbags, a Cornering Brake Control system, a handbrake alarm, and height adjustable seat belts. Aside from the standard 1.0 liter gasoline engine, the Picanto was offered with a new "Eco-Plus" engine mated to a continuously variable transmission (CVT).[57]

The international version of the Picanto remained unchanged aside from the new front bumper.[58]

2015

For the 2015 model year, the Picanto received redesigned front and rear bumpers with new fog lamps. In addition, the car was offered with a turbocharged version of its 1.0 liter Kappa II engine, which increased power output from 69 hp to 106 hp.[27] The revised engine met Euro 6 standards.[59] The Picanto was also offered with optional 252 mm (9.9 in) front disc brakes, an increase from the stock 241 mm (9.5 in).[60]

The facelifted Picanto debuted at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show in March and went on sale across Europe by the end of the month.[59]

Safety

Euro NCAP

Euro NCAP test results for a LHD, 5-door hatchback variant on a 2011 registration:

Euro NCAP test results
Kia Picanto (2011)[61]
Test Points %
Overall: 4 /5 stars
Adult occupant: 31 86%
Child occupant: 40 83%
Pedestrian: 17 47%
Safety assist: 3 43%
ASEAN NCAP

ASEAN NCAP test results for a RHD, 5-door hatchback variant on a 2013 registration (with and without airbags):[62][63]

Test Score
Adult occupant protection: 4/5 stars
Adult occupant protection (non-airbag): 0/5 stars
Child occupant protection: 4/5 stars
Child occupant protection (non-airbag): 1/5 stars

The airbag variant tested was the Malaysian model equipped with six airbags, Electronic stability control (ESC), and Isofix. The non-airbag variant tested was the Thai version, which is similarly equipped as the Philippine and Indonesian models.

Australian NCAP

Australian NCAP test results for a RHD, 5-door hatchback variant on a 2016 registration:[64]

Test Score
ANCAP safety rating: 5/5 stars
Overall score: 34.26 out of 37
Frontal offset: 15.12 out of 16
Side impact: 14.14 out of 16
Whiplash protection: Acceptable
Pedestrian protection: Marginal
ESC: Standard
Seat belt reminders: 3.0 out of 3
Latin NCAP

The Picanto in its most basic Latin American market configuration with no airbags, no ABS and no ESC received 0 stars for adult occupants and 1 star for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2016 (only in 2020 did the protocol reach the Euro NCAP 2014 level).[65]

Test Score Points
Adult 0.0 out of 34
Children 13.30 out of 49
Global NCAP

The African version of the Picanto with driver airbag and no ABS received 3 stars for adult occupants and 2 stars for infants from Global NCAP in 2018 (similar to Latin NCAP 2013).[66]

Test Score Points
Adult 10.78 out of 17
Children 17 out of 49

Third generation (JA; 2017)

Third generation (JA)
2018 Kia Picanto (JA MY19) S hatchback (2018-10-12) 01.jpg
Pre-facelift
Overview
Also calledKia Morning
Kia Grand Eko Taxi (Colombia)
Production2017–present
Assembly
  • South Korea: Seosan (Donghee)
  • Malaysia: Gurun (Naza)
  • Algeria: Batna (GLOVIZ)[67]
  • Russia: Kaliningrad (Avtotor)
  • Vietnam: Chu Lai (Thaco Kia) (facelift, 2020-present)
DesignerPeter Schreyer
Body and chassis
Body style5-door hatchback
Related
Powertrain
Engine
  • Petrol:
  • 1.0 L Kappa II MPI I3
  • 1.0 L Kappa II TCI MPI I3
  • 1.0 L Kappa II T-GDI I3
  • 1.0 L Smartstream G1.0 MPI I3
  • 1.0 L Smartstream G1.0 T-GDI I3
  • 1.2 L Smartstream G1.2 MPI I4
  • 1.25 L Kappa II MPI I4
  • LPG:
  • 1.0 L Kappa LPI I3
Transmission5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
5-speed automated manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,400 mm (94.5 in)[68]
Length3,595 mm (141.5 in)[68]
Width1,595 mm (62.8 in)
Height1,485 mm (58.5 in)

The third-generation Picanto made its official global debut at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show.[69] The new Picanto was equipped with a choice of three engines: the outgoing model's 1.0-liter Kappa II three-cylinder engine in the multi-point injected and turbocharged direct-injected versions, and the 1.2-liter Kappa II four-cylinder engine. Both 1.0-liter engines were mated exclusively with a 5-speed manual transmission, while the 1.2-liter engine was also offered with an optional 4-speed automatic transmission.[70][68] The car features all-new safety features such as Torque Vectoring Brake Based (TVBB) system, Straight Line Stability (SLS), Forward Collision Warning System (FCWS) and Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB).[71][72]

GT-Line

For the Malaysian market, the third-generation Picanto was launched in January 2018. It was powered by the naturally-aspirated 1.2-litre four-cylinder engine and was initially available in only one trim level (EX), with a 4-speed automatic transmission. In January 2019, the GT-Line variant was announced, featuring Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) and many other new features. In May 2019, a base variant KX and a crossover variant designated X-Line were added.[73][74][75]

For the Indonesian market, the third generation Picanto went on sale in October 2019. It was powered by the 1.2-liter four-cylinder engine and offered in GT-Line and EX trim levels with either a 5-speed manual or a 4-speed automatic transmission.[76] The Picanto was discontinued in Indonesia in 2022.

Marketing

Kia Motors in South Korea debuted the Morning in January 2017 with a series of TV commercials featuring actors Shim Eun-kyung, Park Jeong-min, and Jin Kyung.[77] For the international release of the Picanto and the fourth generation Kia Rio, Kia Motors produced two music videos featuring Korean-American singer Kate Kim and American musician Lee Radde in May 2017.[78][79]

The Picanto GT Line was featured in Season 2 Episode 3 of The Grand Tour, where co-presenters James May and Richard Hammond drove it on a "lunchtime office car park racing" track at Houghton Hall business park in the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area.[80]

2018 Kia Picanto GT-Line S 1.25 liter Kappa II engine

Awards

The third generation Picanto won the iF product design award in the "Transportation Design" category [81] and the Red Dot award in the "Car Design" category in 2018.[82]

What Car? named the Picanto "Best City Car" in their 2018 Car of the Year Awards.[83]

Safety

Euro NCAP

Euro NCAP test results in 2017 for a LHD, 5-door hatchback variant with standard equipment on a 2017 registration:

Euro NCAP test results
Kia Picanto w/ standard equipment (2017)[84]
Test Points %
Overall: 3 /5 stars
Adult occupant: 30.3 79%
Child occupant: 31.6 64%
Pedestrian: 22.8 54%
Safety assist: 3 25%

Euro NCAP test results in 2017 for a LHD, 5-door hatchback variant with optional safety pack on a 2017 registration:

Euro NCAP test results
Kia Picanto w/ optional safety pack (2017)[85]
Test Points %
Overall: 4 /5 stars
Adult occupant: 30.3 79%
Child occupant: 31.6 64%
Pedestrian: 22.8 54%
Safety assist: 5.7 47%

Latin NCAP

Latin NCAP results for the South Korean-made Picanto in its most basic Latin American market configuration with two airbags, no load limiters, and no ESC under their new rating protocol (similar to Euro NCAP 2014) in 2020[86] for a LHD, 5-door hatchback variant with only one airbag. It received a zero-star rating.[87]

Test Score Points
Overall 0/5 stars
Adult 0 0.0 out of 0
Children 29 14.32 out of 24
Pedestrian protection 51 24.59 out of 51
Security assistance systems 7 3.00 out of 6

2020 facelift

In June 2020, Kia introduced a mid-life facelift. Featuring styling tweaks on the exterior, new technology and powertrains. Exterior update on standard models includes restyled headlights and grille, whilst the GT-Line and X-Line trims were given restyled front and rear bumpers. Interior updates includes a 4.2-inch instrument panel and 8-inch infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto supports. Other interior updates are new upholstery and different colour trim options.

The engine range has also been updated with revised fuel injection and engine management to improve fuel economy as well as a five-speed automatic gearbox to replace the older four-speed one. Safety and driver assist technology has been updated with features such as lane-keeping aid and emergency stop signal, the latter of which automatically turn on the car’s hazard lights in an event of sudden braking.[88][89]

2023 facelift

On 4 July 2023, a second refresh of the JA Kia Picanto/Morning was unveiled in South Korea for the 2024 model year.[90] This includes new styling changes, safety improvements and new equipment such as LED headlights and a new instrument cluster.[91]

Reliability

In January 2013, the Picanto was named most reliable car in the UK, according to data published by Moneysupermarket.com in conjunction with Warranty Direct. Out of a Reliability Index (RI) of 100 (the lower the score, the fewer problems reported by owners), the Picanto achieved a score of 3.00/100.[92]

Motorsport

Kia Lotos Race-spec Picanto.

The Picanto is an official race car in Poland 's Kia Platinum Cup, a racing organization created by Kia Motors Polska and Polish Automobile and Motorcycle Association. The organization started in 2006 as the Kia Picanto Cup before establishing a partnership with Grupa Lotos to form the Kia Lotos Race a year later. Following the 2017 season, the organization was changed to Kia Platinum Cup after PKN Orlen replaced Grupa Lotos as the title sponsor.[93][94]

The Morning is also an official race car in the Korea Speed Festival.[95]

In 2018, the Kia Picanto GT Cup was established in Portugal by Kia Motors Portugal and CRM Motorsport.[96]

Chinese copy controversy

Yogomo 330 electric car.

In 2015, a Chinese low-speed electric vehicle manufacturer Yogomo released the Yogomo 330 electric car, which is a near-exact copy of the second generation Picanto.[97][98][99]

Sales

Calendar year South Korea[100] Europe[101] Colombia
2004 58,579
2005 85,314
2006 76,550
2007 60,996
2008 39,483
2009 55,604
2010 101,570 46,262
2011 117,029 51,137
2012 94,190 58,175
2013 93,631 50,524
2014 96,089 51,222
2015 88,455 54,036
2016 75,133 54,982
2017 70,437 62,161
2018 59,042 74,526
2019 50,364 74,305
2020 38,766 49,211 9,975[102]
2021 30,530 59,949
2022 29,380

The Picanto was Kia's best selling vehicle in Europe from 2004 to 2006, accounting for a third of the brand sales volumes during these years.[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]

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