Engineering:List of Austro-Hungarian U-boats

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The Austro-Hungarian Navy (Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine, shortened to k.u.k. Kriegsmarine) built a series of U-boats between 1907 and 1918 to defend its coastline and project naval power into the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas in wartime. With the establishment of the Austrian Naval League in September 1904 and the appointment of Vice-Admiral Rudolf Montecuccoli to the post of Chief of the Naval Section of the War Ministry in October that same year, the k.u.k. Kriegsmarine began a program of naval expansion befitting a Great Power.[1] Montecuccoli immediately pursued the efforts championed by his predecessor, Admiral Hermann von Spaun, and pushed to greatly expand and modernize the Austro-Hungarian Navy. By the spring of 1905, Montecuccoli envisioned a modern Austrian fleet of 12 battleships, four armoured cruisers, eight scout cruisers, 18 destroyers, 36 high seas torpedo craft, and six submarines.[2]

The Austro-Hungarian U-boat fleet during the First World War mainly consisted of German designs built under licence and purchased units transported by rail from Germany's northern shipyards to the Austrian ports on the Adriatic Sea. They served throughout the war against Italian, French and British shipping in the Mediterranean Sea with some success, losing 8 of the 28 boats in service in return. Following the end of the war in 1918, all Austrian submarines were surrendered to the Entente powers, who disposed of them individually. As both Austria and Hungary became landlocked in the aftermath of the war, no Austrian or Hungarian submarines (or any other naval vessels) have been commissioned since.

In some sources Austro-Hungarian U-boats are referenced with Roman numerals as a way to distinguish them from German U-boats with similar numbers, but the Austro-Hungarian Navy itself used Arabic numerals. There are gaps in the numbering for several reasons. One series of Austro-Hungarian U-boats under construction in Germany was sold and commissioned into the Imperial German Navy. In other cases, U-boats commissioned into the Imperial German Navy were temporarily assigned Austro-Hungarian numbers when they operated in the Mediterranean. One final reason, in the case of the unassigned U-13, was superstition.

Austrian Red Cross WWI Medal 1915, picturing U 5 and U 12

Austro-Hungarian U-boats

Commissioned

U-boat Class Launched Commissioned Fate Notes
01SM U-1 01U-1 class 1909 1911 Scrapped 1920
02SM U-2 01U-1 class 1909 1911 Scrapped 1920
03SM U-3 03U-3 class 1908 1909 Sunk 13 August 1915
04SM U-4 03U-3 class 1908 1909 Scrapped 1920
05SM U-5 05U-5 class 1909 1910 Scrapped 1920
06SM U-6 05U-5 class 1909 1910 Scuttled 13 May 1916
10SM U-10 10U-10 class 1915 1915 Mined 9 July 1918; scrapped 1918 The former German SM UB-1
11SM U-11 10U-10 class 1915 1915 Scrapped 1920 The former German SM UB-15
12SM U-12 05U-5 class 1911 1914 Sunk 12 August 1916 Raised and scrapped end of 1916
14SM U-14 14U-14 class 1912 1915 Returned to France, 1919; scrapped 1929 Captured French submarine Curie (Q 87)
15SM U-15 10U-10 class 1915 1915 Scrapped 1920
16SM U-16 10U-10 class 1915 1915 Sunk
17SM U-17 10U-10 class 1915 1915 Scrapped 1920
20SM U-20 20U-20 class 1916 1917 Sunk Wreck raised in 1962; conning tower on display in Vienna
21SM U-21 20U-20 class 1916 1917 Scrapped 1920
22SM U-22 20U-20 class 1917 1917 Scrapped 1920
23SM U-23 20U-20 class 1917 1917 Sunk 21 February 1918
27SM U-27 27U-27 class 1916 1917 Scrapped 1920
28SM U-28 27U-27 class 1917 1917 Scrapped 1920
29SM U-29 27U-27 class 1916 1917 Scrapped 1920
30SM U-30 27U-27 class 1916 1917 Went missing after 31 March 1917
31SM U-31 27U-27 class 1917 1917 Scrapped 1920
32SM U-32 27U-27 class 1917 1917 Scrapped 1920
40SM U-40 27U-27 class 1917 1917 Scrapped 1920
41SM U-41 27U-27 class 1917 1918 Scrapped 1920
43SM U-43 43U-43 class 1916 1917 Scrapped 1920 The former German SM UB-43
47SM U-47 43U-43 class 1916 1917 Scrapped 1920 The former German SM UB-47

Other

Submarines on which construction was begun but which were not completed or commissioned during World War I are included in this table.

U-boat Class Laid down/Launched/Commissioned Fate
U-48 U-48 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-49 U-48 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-50 U-50 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-51 U-50 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-52 U-52 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-53 U-52 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-101 U-101 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-102 U-101 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-103 U-101 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-107 U-107 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end
U-108 U-107 class laid down, not launched or completed scrapped at war's end

German U-boats operating under the Austro-Hungarian flag

After Italy had entered World War I by declaring war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, Germany felt treaty-bound to support the Austrians in attacks against Italian ships, even though Germany and Italy were not officially at war. As a result, German U-boats operating in Mediterranean were assigned Austro-Hungarian numbers and flags. In some cases the same Austro-Hungarian numbers were assigned to different German U-boats. After 28 August 1916, when Germany and Italy were officially at war, the practice continued, primarily to avoid charges of flag misuse. The practice was largely ended by 1 October 1916 except for a few large U-boats that continued using Austro-Hungarian numbers.[3]

German U-boats under the Austro-Hungarian flag[3]
Austro-Hungarian
name 		German U-boat name(s)
SM U-7 SM UB-7
SM U-8 SM UB-8
SM U-9 SM UB-3[4][Note 1]
SM U-18 SM UC-14
SM U-19 SM UC-15
SM U-24 SM UC-12
SM U-25 SM UC-13
SM U-26 SM UB-14
SM U-33 SM U-33
SM U-34 SM U-34
SM U-35 SM U-35
SM U-36 SM U-21
SM U-47
SM U-37 SM U-32
SM U-38 SM U-38
SM U-39 SM U-39
SM U-42 SM UB-42
SM U-44 SM UB-44
SM U-45 SM UB-45
SM U-46 SM UB-46
SM U-54 SM UB-128
SM U-55 SM UB-129
SM U-56 SM UB-130
SM U-57 SM UB-131
SM U-58 SM UB-132
SM U-60 SM UC-20
SM U-62 SM UC-22
SM U-63 SM UC-23
SM UC-63
SM U-64 SM U-64
SM U-65 SM U-65
SM U-66 SM UB-66
SM UC-66
SM U-67 SM UB-67
SM U-68 SM UB-68
SM U-69 SM UB-69
SM UC-69
SM U-70 SM UB-70
SM U-71 SM UB-71
SM U-72 SM U-72
SM U-73 SM U-73
SM U-74 SM UC-34
SM U-75 SM UC-35
SM U-77 SM UC-37
SM U-78 SM UC-16
SM UC-38
SM U-79 SM UB-48
SM U-80 SM UB-49
SM U-81 SM UB-50
SM U-82 SM UB-51
SM U-83 SM U-63
SM UB-52
SM UC-20
SM UC-23
SM U-88 SM UC-24
SM U-89 SM UC-25
SM U-92 SM UC-73
SM U-93 SM UC-74
SM U-94 SM UC-52
SM U-95 SM UC-53
SM U-96 SM UC-54
SM U-97 SM UB-105
SM U-99 SM UC-103
SM U-110 SM UC-108
SM U-133 SM UB-133
SM U-134 SM UB-134
SM U-135 SM UB-135
SM U-146 SM UB-146
SM U-147 SM UB-147

Notes

  1. ↑ Conway's (p. 341) lists UB-9 as the Austro-Hungarian U-9, but that boat was a training boat at Kiel and not a part of the German Pola Flotilla.

References

  1. ↑ Vego, pp. 38.
  2. ↑ Vego, pp. 39.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gardiner, p. 341.
  4. ↑ Myszor, Oskar. "Austria-Hungary: Submarines". Historical Handbook of World Navies. http://www.hicon.pl/~pothkan/hhwn/AH-Sub.html. 

Bibliography

  • Jane's Fighting Ships of World War One, Originally published 1919, Republished by Random House Ltd, Great Britain: 1990. ISBN:1-85170-378-0.
  • Gardiner, Robert, ed (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8. OCLC 12119866. 
  • Vego, Milan N. (1996). Austro-Hungarian Naval Policy, 1904–14. London: Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7146-4209-3. OCLC 560641850. 

External links



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