Engineering:List of muzzle-loading guns
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Muzzle-loading guns (as opposed to muzzle-loading mortars and howitzers) are an early type of artillery, (often field artillery, but naval artillery and siege artillery were other types of muzzleloading artillery), used before, and even for some time after, breech-loading cannon became common. Projectile (early on with shot and then later on with shells) and powder charge are loaded via the muzzle and rammed down the barrel, and then fired at the target. Muzzle-loading artillery came in smoothbore and rifled form, the rifled guns increasingly taking over from the smoothbores as time past and technology improved. Most were made of bronze because of a lack of metallurgic technology, but cast and wrought-iron guns were common as well, particularly later on. Muzzleloading artillery evolved across a wide range of styles, beginning with the bombard, and evolving into culverins, falconets, sakers, demi-cannon, rifled muzzle-loaders, Parrott rifles, and many other styles. Handcannons are excepted from this list because they are hand-held and typically of small caliber.
Smoothbore muzzle-loading cannon
| Caliber (mm) | Weapon name | Country of origin | Design |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | Hwangja-Chongtong |  Korea |
Early 15th century |
| 50 | Galloper gun |  United States |
1740 |
| 61 | Hyunja-Chongtong | Korea |
Early 15th century |
| 76 | Grasshopper cannon |  United Kingdom |
18th century |
| 76 | Minion | United Kingdom |
18th century |
| 83 | Saker | United Kingdom |
18th century |
| 84 | Canon de 4 de Vallière |  Kingdom of France |
1732 |
| 84 | So-po | Korea |
Late 19th century |
| 96 | Canon de 6 système An XI |  France |
1803 |
| 100 | Demi-culverin | United Kingdom |
18th century |
| 100 | Hongyi-po |  Dutch Republic |
Early 17th century |
| 105 | Jija-Chongtong | Korea |
Early 15th century |
| 118 | Cheonja-Chongtong | Korea |
Early 15th century |
| 120 | Jung-po | Korea |
Late 19th century |
| 121 | Canon de 12 livres Le Solide | Kingdom of France |
1688 |
| 121 | Canon de 12 de Vallière | Kingdom of France |
1732 |
| 121 | Canon obusier de 12 | France |
1853 |
| 130 | Culverin | United Kingdom |
18th century |
| 134 | Canon de 16 Le Combattant | Kingdom of France |
1674 |
| 134 | Canon de 16 La Curiosité | Kingdom of France |
1679 |
| 151 | Canon de 16 Le Protecteur | Kingdom of France |
1683 |
| 151 | Obusier de 15 cm Valée | France |
1828 |
| 154 | Demi-cannon | United Kingdom |
18th century |
| 155 | Canon de 24 de Vallière | Kingdom of France |
1732 |
| 162 | Obusier de 6 pouces Gribeauval | Kingdom of France |
1764 |
| 178 | Ornate Ottoman cannon |  Ottoman Empire |
1581 |
| 204 | ML 8 inch shell gun | United Kingdom |
1820s |
| 206 | 68-pounder gun | United Kingdom |
1846 |
Rifled muzzle-loading cannon
| Caliber (mm) | Weapon name | Country of origin | Design |
|---|---|---|---|
| 64 | RML 2.5 inch Mountain Gun | United Kingdom |
1879 |
| 73 | 2.9 inch Parrott rifle | United States |
1860 |
| 76 | 3-inch ordnance rifle | United States |
1862 |
| 76 | RML 7 pounder Mountain Gun | United Kingdom |
1873 |
| 86 | Canon de campagne de 4 rayé | France |
1858 |
| 96 | Wiard rifle | United States |
1861 |
| 121 | Canon de 12 La Hitte | France |
1859 |
| 140 | 70-pounder Whitworth naval gun | United Kingdom |
1860s |
| 160 | RML 64 pounder 64 cwt gun | United Kingdom |
1865 |
| 160 | RML 64 pounder 71 cwt gun | United Kingdom |
1870 |
| 160 | RML 6.3 inch Howitzer | United Kingdom |
1878 |
| 178 | RML 7 inch gun | United Kingdom |
1860s-1890s |
| 191 | Widow Blakely |  Confederate States of America |
1861 |
| 203 | RML 8 inch gun | United Kingdom |
1866 |
| 206 | 68-pounder Lancaster gun | United Kingdom |
1850s |
| 227 | RML 9 inch 12 ton gun | United Kingdom |
1865 |
| 233 | Somerset cannon | United Kingdom |
1863 |
| 254 | RML 10 inch 18 ton gun | United Kingdom |
1868 |
| 279 | RML 11 inch 25 ton gun | United Kingdom |
1867 |
| 305 | RML 12 inch 25 ton gun | United Kingdom |
1866 |
| 305 | RML 12 inch 35 ton gun | United Kingdom |
1873 |
| 318 | RML 12.5 inch 38 ton gun | United Kingdom |
1875 |
| 406 | RML 16 inch 80 ton gun | United Kingdom |
1880 |
| 450 | RML 17.72 inch gun | United Kingdom |
1877 |
See also
Notes and references
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