Engineering:List of pusher aircraft by configuration

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A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines and may be classified according to engine/propeller location and drive as well as the lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft), Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).

Conventional and three surface layouts

The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.

Direct drive

Prop ahead of tail

Between booms or frames
Coaxially on rear fuselage
Nacelle above fuselage
Below tail boom
Above tailboom, behind fuselage

Propeller behind the tail

  • Air Quest Nova 21 1992 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built[17]
  • Convair 111 Air Car 1945 roadable airplane, 1 built
  • Pénaud Planophore 1871 first aerodynamically stable fixed-wing aeroplane, rubber powered model, 1 built
  • Prescott Pusher 1985 4 seat homebuilt, ca.30 built

Lateral behind wing

Lateral nacelles

Engines and props behind the pilot

Remote drive

Propeller ahead of tail

Within airframe
  • Fischer Fibo-2a 1954 1 seat motorglider, 1 built[20]
  • Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 RFB Fantrainer prototype, 27 built[21]
  • Rhein-Flugzeugbau Sirius II 1972 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built[9]
  • Megone biplane 1913 2 seat, 1 built[22]
  • Neukom AN-20C 1983 1 seat ultralight homebuilt motorglider, 1 built
Behind wing

Inside tail

Behind tail

Propeller above fuselage

Canard and tandem layouts

A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.

Direct drive

Remote engine mounting

  • AeroVironment Gossamer Albatross 1979 human powered aircraft, 2 built
  • AeroVironment Gossamer Condor 1977 human powered aircraft won Kremer prize, 1 built
  • British Aerospace P.1233-1 Saba 1988 anti-helicopter and close air support attack aircraft, project[39]
  • Deperdussin-de Feure model 2, 1910, experimental, 1 built [40]
  • Dickey E-Racer 1986 homebuilt, unk no. built[41][42]
  • Kyūshū J7W, prototype fighter, 1 seat, 2130 hp, 1945, 2 built
  • Langley Aerodrome Number 5 1896 experimental model[27]
  • Wright Flyer 1903 experimental airplane, first recognized powered, sustained flight, 1 built
  • Wright Model A 1906 biplane, ca.60 built
  • Wright Model B 1910 biplane, ca.100 built

Tailless aircraft, flying wings and closed wing

Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer, flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.

Rotorcraft

Push-pull aircraft

Sides of fuselage

  • Bristol Braemar 1918 bomber, 2 built
  • Dornier Do K 1929 airliner, 3 built
  • Fokker F.32 1929 airliner, 7 built
  • Farman F.121 Jabiru 1923 airliner, 9 built
  • Farman F.220 1932 airliner and bomber, ca.80 built
  • Handley Page V/1500 1918 bomber, 63 built
  • Zeppelin-Staaken R.V 1917 bomber, 3 built

Above fuselage

Extremities

On nose and between booms

On wings and between booms

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ see Ambrosini SS.4
  2. ↑ Extension shaft on aft engine. The tractor engine was scheduled to be used during take-off, climb and first part of the course. In fact it was actually also used to cope with aft engine trouble.

Citations

  1. ↑ Aircraft N455CB, ACAPELLA
  2. ↑ Air-Britain:Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II
  3. ↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alliet-Larivi%C3%A8re_Allar_4_3-view_L%27Aerophile_February_1938.jpg [bare URL image file]
  4. ↑ Ord-Hume, Arthur (August 1975). "(article)". Aeroplane Monthly: 415–419. 
  5. ↑ Photos & History: HFL Flugzeugbau Stratos 300
  6. ↑ "'Dingo' amphibian by NPP "AeroRIK"". http://ram-home.com/ram-old/dingo.html. 
  7. ↑ French Voisin III bomber
  8. ↑ Propeller spins with motor around tail boom
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 RFB Rhein Flugzeugbau
  10. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: SKY ARROW 450T Maiden flight 13.07.1992 ore 18:28 (GMT +2), Stimigliano (RM). YouTube.
  11. ↑ http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/4043.htm Boeing Canada A-213 Totem
  12. ↑ "CAEA : Aerostructure LUTIN 80". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20120415133620/http://www.caea.info/fr/coll/lutin.php. Retrieved 2011-10-19. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Janowski Aircraft
  14. ↑ "Fk History". http://www.berndroth.com/Fk/html/body_fk_history.html. 
  15. ↑ Gallager, Sheldon M.; Levy, Howard (January 1980). "7 exciting new sports planes you can build". Popular Mechanics: 124. https://books.google.com/books?id=XtQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA124. Retrieved 13 June 2017. 
  16. ↑ Technoflug Piccolo GOQ
  17. ↑ Air Quest Nova 21
  18. ↑ Google search
  19. ↑ CBA 123 Vector photos on Airliners.net
  20. ↑ J2mcL Planeurs - Fiche planeur n° 3047
  21. ↑ Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 - Sportflugzeug
  22. ↑ Megone biplane
  23. ↑ Airliners.net
  24. ↑ Aerocar mini-IMP
  25. ↑ "L'Aérophile". January 1907. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6551462k/f40. 
  26. ↑ Flight 1941, [page needed]
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 FLYING MACHINES - Langley Aerodrome No. 5
  28. ↑ "Les avions de chasse russes et soviétiques 1915-1950", Herbert Léonard, Editions Heimdal 1995, page 31
  29. ↑ "The Brothers Kasianenko"
  30. ↑ "The history of Russian aviation. Kasyanenko No.5 (KPI-5) — Encyclopedia of safety". http://survincity.com/2011/02/the-history-of-russian-aviation-kasyanenko-no-5/. 
  31. ↑ Flashback to 1981: A Look Back at the Lear Fan | Flying Magazine
  32. ↑ http://www.aerofiles.com/lock-dipper.jpg [bare URL image file]
  33. ↑ "AST MYASISHCHEV YAMAL amphibian mockup". 12 November 2015. https://www.flickr.com/photos/shanair/22385679433. 
  34. ↑ "Aviaspetstrans Yamal amphibian". 18 July 2009. https://www.secretprojects.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=7227.0. 
  35. ↑ Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore
  36. ↑ Paulhan, Tatin Aero-Torpille
  37. ↑ "Pützer Bussard". http://alfonspuetzer.bplaced.net/puetzer-bussard.html#a1661. 
  38. ↑ VmaxProbe
  39. ↑ Interavia jan 1988
  40. ↑ "Deperdussin-de Feure Model 2". 18 December 2015. https://oldmachinepress.com/2015/12/17/deperdussin-de-feure-model-2/. 
  41. ↑ Alternative Engines, Volume1, Mick Myal
  42. ↑ E-Racer in Stargazer database
  43. ↑ Julian Wolkovitch AC A Industries, Inc., "The Joined Wing: An Overview", Journal of Aircraft: 176–177, http://design.projectwolfdragon.com/AIAA-45285-587.pdf [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  44. ↑ Scott Winton
  45. ↑ Horten Nurflugels
  46. ↑ Ligeti Stratos History (archived)
  47. ↑ "New Triangle Plane Is Tailless", December 1931, Popular Science article and photo of Delta I at bottom of page 65
  48. ↑ Rohr 2-175
  49. ↑ "Image from nuricom.de". http://www.nuricom.de/FlyingWings_AilesVolantes_Nurfluegel_AlaVolante_KN_Pic_Rohr_71X.jpg. 
  50. ↑ Bridgman, Leonard (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948. London: Sampson, Low, Marston and Co. Ltd. p. 159c-160c.
  51. ↑ url=http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_S.html accessdate=Feb 2016
  52. ↑ Giorgio Bignozzi e Roberto Gentilli, AEROPLANI S.I.A.I. 1915-1935" - Edizioni Aeronautiche Italiane S.r.l.
  53. ↑ url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_sik.html accessdate=Feb 2016
  54. ↑ Star Kraft SK-700
  55. ↑ "Moskalev SAM-13 : Other". 13 July 2005. http://en.valka.cz/topic/view/32490. 

Bibliography



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