Engineering:List of walls

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The Great Wall of China is the world's longest wall

See List of fortifications for a list of notable fortified structures. For city walls in particular, see List of cities with defensive walls.

Pre-modern fortifications

Part of the southern section of the Chester city walls showing the base of a former drum tower and the River Dee
The Roman walls of Lugo are a UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Walls of Ston are a series of defensive stone walls, originally more than 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long, that surrounded and protected the city of Ston, in Dalmatia, part of the Republic of Ragusa, in what is now southern Croatia.[1]

Africa

  • AlgeriaTunisia Fossatum Africae
  • Nigeria Sungbo's Eredo, built during 800–1000 AD in Ijebu Ode in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria

Americas

  • Mexico Great Wall of Tlaxcala, mentioned in the history of Bernal Díaz del Castillo
  • Puerto Rico Walls of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico

Asia

  • China The Great Wall of China, China – part of UNESCO site 438,.[2] This is mostly referred to the Ming Great Wall, built from 1368 to 1644, measures 8,850 km long.
  • China Great Wall of Qi, the oldest of the Chinese Great Walls.
  • China Great Wall of Yan (state)
  • China Great Wall of Zhongshan (state)
  • China Great Wall of Zhao (state)
  • China Great Wall of Qin dynasty
  • China Great Wall of Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), the longest Great Wall in history.
  • China Great Wall of Northern Wei dynasty
  • China Great Wall of Northern Qi dynasty
  • China Great Wall of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234), built to defend against northern nomadic tribes, once spanning over 2,500 kilometers long.[3]
  • ChinaMongolia Great Wall of Western Xia
  • ChinaMongolia Great Wall of the Khitan Liao dynasty
  • Pakistan Ranikot Fort, Also called 'The Great Wall of Pakistan', second largest wall of South Asia after Kumbhalgarh fort in India
  • North KoreaChina Cheolli Jangseong, North Korea and China
  • Iran Great Wall of Gorgan in Iran, (World's second longest[4] wall[5])
  • Vietnam Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi in Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam.
  • India Kumbhalgarh, in Rajasthan, India

Europe

  • Turkey Walls of Constantinople in Turkey
  • Turkey Anastasian Wall in Turkey
  • United Kingdom Antonine Wall in Scotland, United Kingdom – part of UNESCO site 430[6]
  • Italy Aurelian Walls of Rome
  • Croatia Walls of Ston in Croatia
  • Germany Danevirke, Germany
  • Germany Roman limes in Upper Germania, Lower Germania and Rhaetia, Germany – part of UNESCO site 430[6]
  • United Kingdom Hadrian's Wall in England – part of UNESCO site 430[6][7]
  • Turkey Long Wall (Thracian Chersonese)
  • United Kingdom Offa's Dyke between Mercia (England) and Powys (Wales)
  • Ukraine Serpent's Wall, the ancient walls in Ukraine
  • United Kingdom Wall of Severus, between Roman Britain and [not recorded]
  • Poland Silesia Walls, Poland
  • Romania Trajan's Wall, in Dobruja, Romania
  • Romania Athanaric's Wall, Romania
  • United Kingdom Wat's Dyke parallel, for part of the distance, to Offa's Dyke, England:Wales.

Modern defensive walls or border barriers

View from the West Berlin side of graffiti art on the Berlin Wall in 1986. The wall's "death strip", on the east side of the wall, here follows the curve of the Luisenstadt Canal (filled in 1932).
  • Vichy France Nazi Germany Atlantic Wall in Nazi-occupied France
  • Template:Country data West Berlin East Germany Berlin Wall in Berlin separating West Berlin from East Germany 1961–1989 (in concrete: 1975–1989)[8]
  • India Inland Customs Line 2,500 miles (4,000 km) built 1843 onward in British India
  • IndiaPakistan India–Pakistan barrier
  • IndiaBangladesh Bangladesh–India border
  • IsraelWest Bank Sections of the Israeli West Bank barrier, West Bank[9]
  • IsraelLebanon Sections of the Blue Line between Lebanon and Israel[10]
  • United Kingdom Belfast Peace Lines in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
  • North KoreaSouth Korea Korean Wall (alleged by DPRK), Korean Demilitarized Zone[11]
  • Template:Country data CeutaMorocco Ceuta border fence, in Ceuta, Autonomous city of Spain
  • Template:Country data MelillaMorocco Melilla border fence in Melilla, Autonomous city of Spain
  • MexicoUnited States US-Mexico Border[12]
  • Hong KongChina Frontier Closed Area along Hong Kong-China border
  • HungarySerbia Hungary-Serbia Barrier
  • TurkeySyria Turkey-Syria Barrier
  • TurkeyIran Turkey-Iran Barrier
  • SloveniaCroatia Slovenian border Barrier
  • PakistanAfghanistan Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier
  • MyanmarBangladesh Myanmar-Bangladesh Border Fence
  • MyanmarIndia India–Myanmar Barrier
  • MoroccoSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Moroccan Western Sahara Wall, in Western Sahara
  • PolandBelarus Poland–Belarus barrier[13]

Memorial walls

  • France Communards' Wall in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, in Paris, France
  • China Democracy Wall, in Beijing (1978–1979)
  • Czech Republic Lennon Wall in Prague
  • United States Vietnam Veterans Memorial, often called the Wall, in Washington, D.C.
  • United States Pine Grove Cemetery, second-longest contiguous stone wall in the world, in Lynn, Massachusetts
  • Hong Kong Lennon Wall in Hong Kong

Walls in contemporary art and sports

  • Die Gelbe Wand, Westfalenstadion in Dortmund
  • Green Monster, Fenway Park, Boston
  • Tsoi Wall in Arbat Street, Moscow
  • The Wall in SoHo, New York City
  • The Wall In Concert (theatrical) – While based on a figment of a main character's imagination, the concerts in the tour for the Pink Floyd album The Wall featured a real wall of giant cardboard bricks between the band and the audience which was constructed, completed, spoliated and finally destroyed during the course of each show.

See also

  • Gum Wall
  • Separation barrier
  • List of cities with defensive walls
  • List of town walls in England and Wales
  • List of fortifications
  • Great Wall (astronomy)
  • List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls

References

  1. "Stonske zidine" (in Croatian). Citywallsdubrovnik.hr. Društvo prijatelja dubrovačke starine. Archived from the original on 2010-05-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20100531171317/http://www.citywallsdubrovnik.hr/hr-stonske.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-06. 
  2. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "The Great Wall". https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438. Retrieved 6 December 2014. 
  3. "Great Wall of Jin Dynasty (1115–1234): History, Structure, Relics". https://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/history/jin/. Retrieved 4 January 2017. 
  4. Chaichian, Mohammad. 2014. Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination (Brill, pp. 53–89). https://www.amazon.com/Empires-Walls-Globalization-Migration-Domination/dp/1608464229.
  5. http://www.shc.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic/esauer/pubs/iranian_walls.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Frontiers of the Roman Empire". https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/430. Retrieved 6 December 2014. 
  7. Chaichian, Mohammad. 2014. Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination (Brill, pp. 23–52). https://www.amazon.com/Empires-Walls-Globalization-Migration-Domination/dp/1608464229 .
  8. Chaichian, Mohammad. 2014. Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination (Brill, pp. 90–148). https://www.amazon.com/Empires-Walls-Globalization-Migration-Domination/dp/1608464229.
  9. Chaichian, Mohammad. 2014. Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination (Brill, pp. 246–319). https://www.amazon.com/Empires-Walls-Globalization-Migration-Domination/dp/1608464229
  10. Ilan Ben Zion (September 6, 2018). "Israeli wall rising near border with Lebanon stokes tensions". AP News. https://apnews.com/article/2600a66acb394520b7713fc6cd3a0da7. Retrieved 2022-12-07. 
  11. Jon Herskovitz (December 31, 2007). "North Korea asks South to tear down imaginary wall". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-wall-idUSSEO20068620071231. Retrieved 2015-10-09. 
  12. Chaichian, Mohammad. 2014. Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination (Brill, pp. 175–245). https://www.amazon.com/Empires-Walls-Globalization-Migration-Domination/dp/1608464229
  13. "Poland completes 186-kilometre border wall with Belarus" (in en). 2022-06-30. https://www.euronews.com/2022/06/30/poland-completes-186-kilometre-border-wall-with-belarus-after-migration-dispute.