Engineering:Londe

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Model of a londi with tanja sail, 1889.

Londe or londi is a traditional boat from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. They are thought to have existed since 1500s,[1] developed from ancient Sangir islands boat called bininta which is now enshrined in the symbol of the region of Sangir Islands District.[2]

Description

The bininta, a type of prahu which has been used before the arrival of the Europeans.

They are about 5 m in length,[2] generally they are driven by paddle but sail may also used.[3][4] Modern londe can be equipped with an outboard motor.[4] The sail can be of tanja, lete, or lug sail type.[5] Sometimes they are 25–30 ft (7.6-9.1 m) long with 30 in (76.2 cm) beam.[6] They are usually operated by 1-3 men,[2][4] but large ones could carry 5 men.[7] A londe can be identified by its unique bow and stern. A kind of "horn" pokes out from the bottom of the bow protruding forward and curling upwards like an elephant tusk. At the stern the horn is not so prominent but the form can be seen, protruding backward.[8] Its supposed predecessor, bininta, had its bow and stern a horn that pokes toward the front and back.[2] Another distinguishing feature from other outrigger canoe, the londe has different bahateng (outrigger boom/beam) on the front and the back.[8] The fore boom is a strongly curved piece of wood lashed to the atiq (outrigger float made of bamboo) without a tadiq (the linking piece between bahateng and atiq).[8][3] The atiq is made by two or three pieces of thick bamboo lashed together.[3] While the aft boom is a straight piece of wood linked to the atiq with a curved rattan tadiq, the so-called S-shaped Halmaheran attachment.[8][3] Londe is constructed with added planks on the side of its mahera (dugout base).[8] The main material is nantu/nato wood, gopasa wood, or kapuraca wood.[9] With a fair wind, londe can go very fast but somewhat difficult to tack and cannot sail very close to the wind.[6]

Distribution

Londe of Sangir island.

In decades of 80s londe boats are still widely found along the coast through Manado from Ranayapo, Poopo, Sario (Manado), Likupang to Batulubang near Bitung. Also found in Barangka, Tahuna, Naha and Lirung in the Sangihe Islands. The londe boat at that time was a sailboat used extensively in Sangir fisherman settlements.[10] In 2012, on Miangas Island, the outermost island on the border with the Philippines , there are still many londe boats.[11] However, in the same year, on the island of Marore in the Talaud Islands londe is no longer found which according to local residents there are many on the island in the past.[11][12]

The extinction of a londe boat is not because fishermen no longer need boats of the same size and functionality. The londe type began to become extinct because fishermen now no longer need the function of the "horns", so they no longer order such boats. The horns were used as a place to hold, to rest, or to look into the sea at the time of collecting or capturing fishes by diving.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Walukow, Alffian (2009). Kebudayaan Sangihe. Lenganeng. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Salam (2018). p. 4.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Haddon, Alfred Cort (1920). The Outriggers of Indonesian Canoes. London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 (in id) Kearifan Tradisional Masyarakat Nelayan Kampung Batunderang Yang Berkaitan dengan Pemeliharaan Lingkungan Alam di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe - Sulawesi Utara. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. 2007-01-01. https://books.google.com/books?id=Fmy7CgAAQBAJ&q=perahu+londe&pg=PA104. 
  5. ↑ Salam (2018). p. 7.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hickson, Sydney John (1889). A naturalist in north Celebes : a narrative of travels in Minahassa, the Sangir and Talaut Islands, with notices of the fauna, flora and ethnology of the districts visited. London: J. Murray. 
  7. ↑ "Ini Program Pemberdayaan Nelayan Pengganti Tradisi Bahari 'Seke-Maneke' di Kepulauan Sangihe [2"] (in en-US). 2019-12-29. https://www.mongabay.co.id/2019/12/29/ini-program-pemberdayaan-nelayan-pengganti-tradisi-bahari-seke-maneke-di-kepulauan-sangihe-2/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Salam (2018). p. 6.
  9. ↑ (in id) Majalah Tabea. steven. https://books.google.com/books?id=chx5UGZc4IkC&q=perahu+londe&pg=PA8. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Masengi W. K. A. and Keishi Shibata (1990). JIN. 83. p. 203–211.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Hoetagaol S. M., N. S. A. Sumampouw, J. Parauba, R. Tuage and M. Pontororing (2012). Studi tentang Aspek-aspek Sosial-budaya Masyarakat Daerah Perbatasan: Studi Kasus Masyarakat di Pulau Miangas. Manado: KEPEL Press Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Manado.
  12. ↑ Ulaen A. J., P. Nugrahini, C. Setiawan, A. Dukalang and Alinabur (2012). Studi tentang Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Daerah Perbatasan: Studi Kasus Masyarakat Pulau Marore Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Manado: KEPEL Press Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Manado.

Further reading

  • Salam, Aziz (2018). "Technological Adaptation in Traditional Fisheries: Way to Survive". IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 139.



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