Engineering:Mayang (boat)
Perahu Mayang or simply mayang is a type of fishing boat from Java, Indonesia. This type of boat is used mainly for fishing and trading. Historically, this indigenous vessel is also favored by European skippers and private merchants for trading in East Indies: 50% of them were using mayang and pencalang.[1] It is mostly used in northern coast of Java. The major production site is in Rembang, Central Java.[2]
Etymology
The name mayang comes from payang (a type of seine) used by local fishermen. Thus the name can be translated as "using payang".[3]
Description
Major portion of the mayang hull is built using teak wood. The hull shape is broad, flat-bottomed with a pronounced bow and stern. It is deckless, but may have a covered "house" in the middle of the boat. Mayang are also built with a watertight bulkhead. In the 18th century, a Mayang is described as having a crew of 6 or 9 and is 12.2 to 15 metres long; with a 7.24 tonne burthen.[2] A boat from 1850 had a beam of 3 m, a length of 12 m, and a depth of 1 m. There were at least 9 compartments for storing fish (called petak), three of them in front of the mast, separated from each other by bulkheads. The planks are all fixed by treenails (pasak) into the bulkheads.[4] A Mayang has 1 mast with 1 sail of tanja, lateen, or crab claw type, with the tanja being the most common. It is steered using 1 axial rudder or 2 quarter (side) rudders.[5] For defense, the mayang has no cannon, but has 1 swivel gun and 2 snaphaunces.[6] Modern mayang are also equipped with an engine, and some of them also had a keel. A modern mayang is about 10–15 m long, 2–3 m breadth, with 0.5–0.9 m high hull. Mast height is 8–9 m, with sail area about 14x16 m2.
Linggi (the foremost part of the frame) is about 2.1 m high, about 1.2 m in width and adorned with traditional motifs like flower, horse head, wayang figure and writings in bright colors. Its striking feature is the high mast with very long pembawon (the topmost bamboo spar used to tie the sail, in case with tanja type sail). To furl the sail, the lower spar/boom called penggiling is used. Mayang has shallow draft which makes it suitable to go to shore and rivers. The large sail propel the boat with relatively high speed, when the wind is unavailable row or paddle can be used instead.[7]
The shape of the boat varied depending on location. In Madura, the mayang is an introduced boat. It is quite similar in construction technique to a perahu jaring but beamier and having a horn-like pole which is carried beyond the sides of the boat to the stern to support the net. Mayang from madura have a small bow, while the ones from East Java have a large brightly colored flat bow. Madurese mayang used the Madurese lete sail. East Javan mayang adopted the Madurese sail, with a tall mast, sail supporting ropes, the other mayang rigging is maintained. In western coast of Java, a mayang's bow tend to be smaller. In Rembang the boat has 2 vertical poles behind the stempost and is dubbed as a konting.[4]
Gallery
Mayang with a large fishing trap in the Thousand islands, bay of Batavia.
Mayang from Besuki, east Java
Two mayang in Anyer beach, by Jan Brandes, 1779.
Jan Brandes' detailed sketch of an open Mayang, 1808.
See also
- Perahu
- Pencalang
- Chialoup
- Kakap
- Jukung, another Indonesian traditional fishing boat
- Perahu payang, fishing boat from Malay peninsula
References
- ↑ Liebner, Horst H. (2002). Perahu-Perahu Tradisional Nusantara. Jakarta.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Knaap, G.J. (1996). Shallow Waters, Rising Tide – Shipping and Trade in Java around 1775. Leiden: KITLV Press.
- ↑ Pramono, Djoko (2005). Budaya Bahari. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 112–113. ISBN 9792213767.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Horridge, Adrian (2015). Perahu Layar Tradisional Nusantara. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak. An Indonesian translation of Horridge, Adrian (1985). The Prahu: Traditional Sailing Boat of Indonesia, second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Barnes, Ruth (2015). Ships and the Development of Maritime Technology on the Indian Ocean. Routledge. pp. 231. ISBN 9781317793434.
- ↑ Knaap, Gerrit (1999). "Shipping and Trade in Java, c. 1775: A Quantitative Analysis". Modern Asian Studies 33 (2): 405–420. doi:10.1017/S0026749X99003078.
- ↑ Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Statistik Pemprov DKI Jakarta (2017). Mayang, Perahu.
Further reading
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