Engineering:Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W223)

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Short description: German luxury full-size car model

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The Mercedes-Benz W223 is the seventh generation of the S‑Class produced by Mercedes-Benz since 2020.[1] It replaces the W222 S‑Class which has been produced since 2013. The W223 Mercedes-Benz S-Class is a full-size luxury sedan produced by Mercedes-Benz.[2]

Design

The W223 S-Class is based on the second-generation Modular Rear Architecture (MRA) platform and uses a four-link front suspension and multi-link independent rear suspension.[3] Air suspension is standard and can automatically lower by 20 mm (0.79 in) at 160 km/h (99 mph) to increase stability.[4]

Compared to the previous generation W222 S-Class, rear headroom has increased by 16 mm (0.63 in) and rear legroom has increased by 41 mm (1.6 in).[5] Boot capacity has increased by 20 litres (0.71 cu ft) to 550 litres (19 cu ft).[6] The W223 directs heat from the engine to the wheel arches and underbody to improve airflow and has a drag coefficient of 0.22.[7]

At the launch, Mercedes-Benz announced that its V12 engine would be exclusive to Mercedes-Maybach S 680 4MATIC and that no coupé or convertible version of S-Class would be produced. At IAA 2021 in Munich, Mercedes-Benz revised its position to add the V12 engine to the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, S 680 Guard 4MATIC, ending the Mercedes-Maybach's exclusive use of V12 engine.[8]

  • Rear view

  • Mercedes-Benz S 580 AMG Line (W223, SWB)

  • Mercedes-Benz S 580 AMG Line (V223, LWB)

  • Interior

Equipment

The W223 uses the second-generation Mercedes Benz User Experience (MBUX) infotainment system.[9] It features a 12.3-inch instrument cluster and a 12.8-inch OLED centre infotainment system with haptic feedback.[10] The MBUX system features over-the-air software update support, automatic driver profile selection via voice or fingerprint recognition, and a virtual assistant which activates by saying "Hey Mercedes".[11] The assistant can be controlled by the rear seat passengers and can also control smart home appliances.[12] The car can automatically close the windows and sunroof and recirculate air as it approaches a tunnel or detects poor air quality.[13] Interior cameras can detect driver movements as to automatically lower the rear sunblinds if the driver looks back or switch on the interior light if the driver reaches towards the glovebox.[14] The cameras can detect if a child seat has been installed but the seat belt has not been buckled.[15] The car features 22 cameras and radar sensors for the adaptive cruise control, automatic steering, lane departure warning, emergency braking, and traffic sign recognition. Radar sensors can predict oncoming side collisions and raise the suspension by 8 cm (3.1 in) to direct the crash force towards the doorsills.[16] A SAE Level 3 semi-autonomous driving system will be available in Germany from the second half of 2021.[17]

Optional equipment includes rear-axle steering, rear-seat airbags, and a head-up-display with augmented reality for navigation directions.[18] The headlights can project symbols on the road to warn the driver of incoming obstacles, such as roadworks, pedestrians, and traffic lights or warning signs.[19]

The rear-wheel-steering system for reducing the turning radius is optional extra cost. The turning angle can be set at 4.5° or 10°, reducing the turning radius from 13.1 metres (43 ft) to 12.2 metres (40 ft) and 11.2 metres (37 ft) respectively.[20]

For the first time in a Mercedes-Benz vehicle, the S-Class has two different types of external door handles. The standard equipment is the grip handles as found in existing Mercedes-Benz vehicles while the optional extra cost equipment is the flush-fitted handles that pop outward electrically when the Keyless Go remote fob is in close proximity.[21]

The models with six-cylinder inline petrol engines have a 48V electrical system to provide additional power when needed. This also provided the power for the air conditioning system and for recharging the battery. It is also used as a starter motor in lieu of a separate and dedicated starter motor.[22]

Models

Mercedes-Benz

The engine range from W222 is carried over to W223 with inline six, V8, and V12. For the first time, the V12 engine is fitted with 4MATIC all-wheel-drive system and is exclusive to S 680 Guard 4MATIC. The 4MATIC system is standard equipment for most of S-Class models with exception of S 450 e. S 350 d and S 580 e can be ordered with 4MATIC system as extra-cost option. All models except S 680 Guard 4MATIC are offered in both standard and long wheelbases.

Mercedes-Benz S 680 Guard 4MATIC

Mercedes-Benz S 680 Guard (W223)

On 28 July 2021, Mercedes-Benz announced the new armoured S 680 Guard 4MATIC. The S 680 Guard 4MATIC has VPAM VR10 armour level.[23]

Due to its heavier weight, the top speed limit is reduced to 190 km/h.

Mercedes-Maybach

The Z223 Mercedes-Maybach S-Class was revealed on 19 November 2020 with model designations S 580 4MATIC and S 680 4MATIC.[24][25] The Mercedes-Maybach is 18 centimetres longer than the predecessor. Several design cues, separating the Mercedes-Maybach from Mercedes-Benz, are carried over. Another first for Mercedes-Benz is the frontal airbags for the rear passengers.[26]

Available engines are a 3-litre six-cylinder inline petrol for S 580 e 4MATIC, 4-litre biturbo V8 for the S 580 4MATIC, and a 6-litre biturbo V12 for the S 680 4MATIC. Both are fitted with standard 4MATIC all-wheel-drive system.

Exclusive to the Chinese market, S 480 4MATIC with 3-litre six-cylinder inline petrol engine is offered due to the high taxation on engine displacement.[27][28]

In Germany Mercedes-Maybach announced the launch date of May 2021 for ordering and the delivery date of July 2021.[29][30]

Mercedes-Benz launched the S 580 4MATIC and the S 680 4MATIC in India on 3 March 2022. The S 580 4MATIC is assembled at Mercedes-Benz manufacturing plant in Chakan, Pune.[31][32]

  • Mercedes-Maybach S 580

  • Mercedes-Maybach S-Class (rear view)

  • Mercedes-Maybach S 680 (interior)

  • Back seat

Mercedes-Maybach S 580 e

The Mercedes-Maybach S 580 e debuted in February 2023 as the brand's first plug-in hybrid model, featuring an inline-six engine and an electric motor that produce a combined 510 PS (375 kW; 503 hp) output.[33][34] S 580 e is only Mercedes-Maybach model not to be equipped with 4MATIC system.

Mercedes-Maybach S 680 "Edition 100"

To commemorate the 100-year anniversary of first production car by Maybach Motorenbau GmbH in 1921, Mercedes-Benz launched the limited production of Mercedes-Maybach S 680 "Edition 100".[35] The production is limited to 100 units.

The S 680 "Edition 100" has the special two-tone paint colours: High Tech Silver (Hightechsilber) on lower part and Nautical Blue (Nautikblau) on the upper part. The interior is done with special upholstery design in two-tone colours: Crystal White and Silver-grey Pearl

Mercedes-Maybach S 680 Haute Voiture

The Mercedes-Maybach S 680 Haute Voiture is a special edition of the S 680 that is based on "haute couture" (high fashion). It was presented in May 2022 in a concept form, with Mercedes later confirming intentions to put the Haute Voiture into production, with the production version being unveiled in December following a Dubai fashion show.[36]

The car features a two-tone paint job consisting of Nautical Blue and Rose Gold above and below the belt line, respectively. This color is exclusive to the Haute Voiture. It sports monoblock wheels painted to match the blue paint on the upper body. The body is also adorned with chrome trim.

For the interior, the car is upholstered in Bouclé, a type of fabric woven from yarn, that incorporates blue, beige, rose gold, and various other shades of gold into the pattern, with additional crystal and glossy opal white features. The car comes with a set of linen and mohair (yarn made from goat hair) floor mats, as well as a set of rose gold champagne flutes. [37]

The MBUX system was upgraded with the intention to emphasize the atmosphere of a fashion show catwalk, with sparkling glitter clouds and a variety of rose gold accents. Drivers are greeted with sparkling particles and a magnolia blossom on the profile selection menu, and available are 12 different elegantly dressed avatars, such as in a tailcoat, evening gown, and dinner jacket, and are adorned with fine accessories.[38]

The Haute Voiture is accompanied by a special hand-made gift box containing a key ring, its badge number, and a scale model. Mercedes will also be releasing a bag collection, made of materials of the vehicle's interior, to be available in different sizes and styles. The bag collection has been released in early 2023 in limited run and are available at both Maybach Icons of Luxury physical and online stores.

The Mercedes-Maybach S 680 Haute Voiture is launched in early 2023 and is strictly limited to 150 units.

Mercedes-Maybach S-Klasse "Maybach by Virgil Abloh” S 680

As inspired by the "Project MAYBACH", Mercedes-Benz introduced the Mercedes-Maybach S-Klasse "Maybach by Virgil Abloh” S 680 that interpreted the style, fashion, material, and design directions set by Virgil Abloh and Gorden Wagener for their "Project MAYBACH" Show Car.[39] The special edition honours Virgil Abloh who passed away in 2021 from cancer.

Only 152 were produced, and 39 were sold in the United States[40] to artists, celebrities, and other influential individuals. Alicia Keys was the first person to receive an S-Klasse „Maybach by Virgil Abloh” S 680, as a gift from her husband Swizz Beatz.[41]

It has 2-tone paint with a top in obsidian black and a tan bottom with tan wheels. The interior has sand-colored Nappa leather accented by black trim on the doors, center console, and steering wheel. Customers also got a 1/18-scale replica of the car inside a custom-made wooden box wrapped in tan Nappa leather, along with a special car cover with the Maybach and Abloh logo.[42] Rick Ross was offered an S 680 but declined.[43]

Mercedes-AMG

S 63 E Performance

In December 2022, the Mercedes-AMG S 63 E Performance, the high performance version of the S-Class, was introduced. It uses a plug-in hybrid drivetrain powered by a 4.0L twin-turbo V8 in the form of the M177 along with an electric motor and 13.1-kWh battery pack. The car produces a combined 802 PS (791 hp) and 1430 N⋅m (1055 lb·ft) of torque. The car can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 3.2 seconds.[44] Additionally, the new S 63 E Performance has a top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) however coupled with the AMG Driver's Package, that top speed increases to roughly 290 km/h (180 mph).

For the first time in the S-Class sedan's history, the design features a Panamericana style grille with a large Mercedes-Benz logo in the center, rather than presented via a hood ornament like it is on the standard models.[45]

In June 2023, buyers who ordered their S 63 E Performance upon the opening of the order book on 5 April 2023 were informed that the delivery of their orders would not take place until the first quarter of 2025.[46] No explanation was given for the lengthy waiting period of 18 months, which shocked and angered the early buyers.

  • Mercedes-AMG S 63 E Performance

Technical data

Engines

The engines are carried over from previous generation of S-Class (W222) with two petrol and diesel six-cylinder inline engines at launch.[47] Mercedes-Benz launched the models with V8 and V12 engines in May 2021.[48][49][50] A first for a Mercedes-Benz passenger car, the V12 is fitted with the 4MATIC all-wheel-drive system.[51] No diesel PHEV models have been introduced (as of November 2023).

Model Years Configuration Displacement Power Torque 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) Top speed (km/h) Fuel consumption/efficiency (NEDC)
Petrol engines
S 400 L (China) March 2022 – present M 256 l6 turbo + 48V Mild Hybrid EQ Boost 2,498 cc

(183.0 cu in)[52]

230 kW (313 PS; 309 bhp) at 5,500 rpm

16 kW (22 PS; 21 bhp) (electric)

450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) at 1,800–4,500 rpm
250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) (electric) 		5.9 seconds 250 km/h (155 mph) 9.2–7.94 L/100 km (25.6–29.6 mpg‑US)
S 450 L (China) 270 kW (367 PS; 362 bhp) at 6,000 rpm
16 kW (22 PS; 21 bhp) (electric) 		500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–4,000 rpm
250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) (electric) 		5.6 seconds 8.7–7.68 L/100 km (27.0–30.6 mpg‑US)
S 450 L 4MATIC (China)
S 450 4MATIC December 2020 – present M 256 E30 DEH LA GR I6 turbo[53] 2,999 cc (183.0 cu in) 270 kW (367 PS; 362 bhp) at 5,500–6,100 rpm 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–4,500 rpm 5.1 seconds 8.3–7.8 L/100 km (28–30 mpg‑US) (Standard)
8.4–7.8 L/100 km (28–30 mpg‑US) (Long)
Mercedes-Maybach
S 480 4MATIC (China) 		July 2021 – present 5.8 seconds 8.6 L/100 km (27 mpg‑US)
S 500 4MATIC December 2020 – present M 256 E30 DEH LA G I6 turbo + 48V Mild Hybrid EQ Boost 320 kW (435 PS; 429 bhp) at 5,500–6,100 rpm
16 kW (22 PS; 21 bhp) (electric) 		520 N⋅m (384 lb⋅ft) at 1,600–4,500 rpm
250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) (electric) 		4.9 seconds 8.4–7.8 L/100 km (28–30 mpg‑US) (Standard and Long)
S 580 4MATIC June 2021 – present M176 DE40 LA V8 biturbo + 48V Mild Hybrid EQ Boost 3,982 cc (243.0 cu in) 370 kW (503 PS; 496 bhp) at 5,500 rpm
15 kW (20 PS; 20 bhp) (electric) 		700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) at 2,000–4,000 rpm
180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft) (electric) 		4.4 seconds 10.6–10.0 L/100 km (22–24 mpg‑US) (Standard and Long)
Mercedes-Maybach
S 580 4MATIC 		July 2021 – present 4.8 seconds
S 680 Guard 4MATIC M279 E60 LA V12 biturbo 5,980 cc (365 cu in) 450 kW (612 PS; 603 bhp) at 4,800–5,400 rpm 830 N⋅m (612 lb⋅ft) 2,300–4,300 rpm T.B.A. 190 km/h (118 mph) T.B.A.
Mercedes-Maybach
S 680 4MATIC 		900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) 2,300–4,300 rpm 4.5 seconds 250 km/h (155 mph) 14.1–13.3 L/100 km (16.7–17.7 mpg‑US)
Diesel engines
S 350 d December 2020 – present OM 656 D29T R SCR 2.9 L I6 turbo 2,925 cc (178.5 cu in) 210 kW (286 PS; 282 bhp) at 3,400–4,600 rpm 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) at 1,200–3,200 rpm 6.4 seconds 250 km/h (155 mph) 6.7–6.2 L/100 km (35–38 mpg‑US) (Standard and Long)
S 350 d 4MATIC 6.2 seconds 6.8–6.3 L/100 km (35–37 mpg‑US) (Standard)
6.9–6.4 L/100 km (34–37 mpg‑US) (Long)
S 400 d 4MATIC OM 656 D29T R SCR 2.9 L I6 turbo 243 kW (330 PS; 326 bhp) at 3,600–4,200 rpm 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) at 1,200–3,200 rpm 5.4 seconds 6.9–6.4 L/100 km (34–37 mpg‑US) (Standard)
7.0–6.5 L/100 km (34–36 mpg‑US) (Long)
Plug-in hybrid engine
S 450 e May 2022 – present M 256 E30 DEH LA GR I6 turbo + electric motor 2,999 cc (183.0 cu in) 220 kW (299 PS; 295 bhp) at 5,500–6,100 rpm
110 kW (150 PS; 148 bhp) (electric) 		450 N⋅m (332 lbf⋅ft) at 1,600–4,500 rpm
440 N⋅m (325 lbf⋅ft) (electric) 		5.9 seconds (Standard and Long) 250 km/h (155 mph) 0.9–0.6 L/100 km (260–390 mpg‑US) (Standard and Long)
S 580 e September 2021 – present 270 kW (367 PS; 362 bhp) at 5,500–6,100 rpm
110 kW (150 PS; 148 bhp) (electric)
375 kW (510 PS; 503 bhp) (combined) 		500 N⋅m (369 lbf⋅ft) at 1,600–4,500 rpm
440 N⋅m (325 lbf⋅ft) (electric)
750 N⋅m (553 lbf⋅ft) (combined) 		5.2 seconds (Standard and Long) 1.5–1.1 L/100 km (160–210 mpg‑US) (Standard and Long)
Mercedes-Maybach
S 580 e 		June 2023 – present 5.1 seconds
Mercedes-AMG S 63 E Performance April 2023 – present M177 V8 biturbo + electric motor 3,982 cc (243.0 cu in) 450 kW (612 PS; 603 bhp) at 5,500–6,500 rpm
140 kW (190 PS; 188 bhp) (electric) 		900 N⋅m (664 lbf⋅ft) at 2,500–4,500 rpm
320 N⋅m (236 lbf⋅ft) (electric) 		3.3 seconds 250 km/h (155 mph)/290 km/h (180 mph) (AMG Driver's Package) 4.6 l/100 km (51 mpg‑US)

Transmission

At launch, all models are fitted with the nine-speed 9G-Tronic automatic transmission. The new AMG S 63 E Performance is also fitted with an additional 2-speed transmission specifically for the electric motor.[54]

Dimensions

The S-Class is offered in both standard and long wheelbases for most of the markets. In certain markets such as United States, China, Russia, and Turkey, the S-Class are sold in long wheelbase version only. In China, the S-Class have "L" suffix badge while the German and international markets do not.

Model Length Wheelbase Height Width Width
incl. mirrors		 Front track Rear track Weight
Standard (W223) 5,179 mm (203.9 in) 3,106 mm (122.3 in) 1,503 mm (59.2 in) 1,954 mm (76.9 in) 2,109 mm (83.0 in) 1,660 mm (65 in) 1,688 mm (66.5 in) 1,995 kg (4,398 lb) – 2,095 kg (4,619 lb)
Long (V223) 5,289 mm (208.2 in) 3,216 mm (126.6 in) 2,015 kg (4,442 lb) – 2,115 kg (4,663 lb)
Mercedes-Maybach (Z223) 5,470 mm (215 in) 3,396 mm (133.7 in) 2,290 kg (5,050 lb) – 2,350 kg (5,180 lb)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Padeanu, Adrian (2 September 2020). "2021 Mercedes S-Class Debuts Today: See The Livestream Here". Motor1. https://www.motor1.com/news/442030/2021-mercedes-s-class-livestream/. 
  2. ↑ "2021 Mercedes S-Class Debuts Today: See The Livestream Here" (in en). https://www.motor1.com/news/442030/2021-mercedes-s-class-livestream/. 
  3. ↑ Perez, Jeff (2 September 2020). "2021 Mercedes S-Class Revealed: Iconic Looks, Modern Tech, More Power". Motor1. https://www.motor1.com/news/441999/2021-mercedes-benz-s-class/. 
  4. ↑ Collie, Scott (2 September 2020). "2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class: All the details". Car Experts (Australia). https://www.carexpert.com.au/car-news/2021-merceds-benz-s-class-all-the-details. 
  5. ↑ Sheehan, Sam (2 September 2020). "2021 Mercedes S-Class launched". PistonHeads. https://www.pistonheads.com/news/general/2021-mercedes-s-class-revealed-in-full/43013. 
  6. ↑ Nguyen, Tung (2 September 2020). "New Mercedes-Benz S-Class 2021 detailed: Tech tour de force puts up compelling case to ditch the BMW 7 Series and Audi A8". Cars Guide. https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/new-mercedes-benz-s-class-2021-detailed-tech-tour-de-force-puts-up-compelling-case-to-ditch. 
  7. ↑ Meiners, Jens (2 September 2020). "2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class Revealed, Aims to Redefine Modern Luxury". Car and Driver. https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a33867036/2021-mercedes-benz-s-class-revealed/. 
  8. ↑ Jordan, Markus (28 July 2021). "Neue S-Klasse Guard ist als S 680 ab 547.400 Euro erhältlich" (in de). MB Passion. https://mbpassion.de/2021/07/neue-s-klasse-guard-ist-ab-547-400-euro-erhaeltlich/. 
  9. ↑ Karkafiris, Michael (2 September 2020). "2021 Mercedes S-Class Goes Official: All Hail The New Luxury King". Car Scoops. https://www.carscoops.com/2020/09/2021-mercedes-benz-s-class-official-details-images-videos/. 
  10. ↑ Evans, Scott (2 September 2020). "2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class First Look: The Luxury-Sedan Benchmark Again Moves the Goalposts". Motor Trend. https://www.motortrend.com/cars/mercedes-benz/s-class/2021/2021-mercedes-benz-s-class-sedan-first-look-review/. 
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  17. ↑ Dorofte, Adrian (2 September 2020). "REVEALED: The new Mercedes-Benz S-Class throws down the glove at Munich rival". BMW Blog. https://www.bmwblog.com/2020/09/02/the-new-mercedes-benz-s-class/. 
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  20. ↑ Seibt, Torsten; Baumann, Uli (17 May 2021). "Voll bis oben hin - inklusive V12 mit 612 PS" (in de). auto motor und sport. https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/neuheiten/mercedes-maybach-s-klasse-weltpremiere-daten-preis-verkaufsstart/. 
  21. ↑ Kable, Greg (1 November 2020). "2021 Mercedes-Benz S 580 e Plug-in Hybrid Review". Car Advice (Australia). https://www.caradvice.com.au/896411/2021-mercedes-benz-s580e-plug-in-hybrid-review/. 
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  28. ↑ "S级 全新梅赛德斯-迈巴赫S级轿车". Mercedes-Benz China. https://www.mercedes-benz.com.cn/engine-detail.html#/engine?code=22396110-CN1. 
  29. ↑ Jordan, Markus (25 January 2021). "Verkaufsfreigabe für Maybach S 580 4MATIC & 680 4MATIC im Mai 2021" (in de). mbPassion. https://blog.mercedes-benz-passion.com/2021/01/neues-maybach-modell-verkaufsfreigabe-im-mai-markteinfuehrung-im-juni/. 
  30. ↑ Jordan, Markus (18 May 2021). "Mercedes-Maybach 8- & 12 Zylinder S 580 4MATIC sowie 680 4MATIC Varianten nun bestellbar" (in de). mbPassion. https://mbpassion.de/2021/05/mercedes-maybach-s-580-4matic-sowie-680-4matic-bestellbar/. 
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  33. ↑ Pappas, Thanos (9 February 2023). "New S580e Is Maybach's First Ever Plug-in Hybrid, Pure EV Coming Soon". https://www.carscoops.com/2023/02/new-s580e-is-maybachs-first-ever-plug-in-hybrid-pure-ev-coming-this-year/. 
  34. ↑ Alaniz, Anthony (9 February 2023). "Mercedes-Maybach S 580 e Debuts As Brand's First Plug-In Hybrid Model". https://www.motor1.com/news/651754/mercedes-maybach-s580e-plug-in-hybrid-debuts/. 
  35. ↑ Lehbrink, Manuel (29 September 2021). "Mercedes-Maybach zeigt S-Klasse und GLS Edition 100". Motor1. https://de.motor1.com/news/536967/maybach-sklasse-edition100-sondermodell-2021/. Retrieved 2 November 2023. 
  36. ↑ "Haute Voiture". Mercedes-Benz AG. https://www.mercedes-benz.com/de/exklusiv/me-magazin/haute-voiture/. Retrieved 2 November 2023. 
  37. ↑ Stafford, Eric (12 December 2022). "2023 Mercedes-Maybach S 680 Haute Voiture Heralded as 'Drivable Art'". https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a42204345/2023-mercedes-maybach-s680-haute-voiture-revealed/. 
  38. ↑ "The ultimate collectible: Mercedes-Maybach releases the limited edition series Haute Voiture". 12 December 2022. https://media.mbusa.com/releases/the-ultimate-collectible-mercedes-maybach-releases-the-limited-edition-series-haute-voiture. Retrieved 2 November 2023. 
  39. ↑ ""Project MAYBACH"". Mercedes-Benz AG. https://www.mercedes-benz.com/de/fahrzeuge/mercedes-maybach/project-maybach/. Retrieved 2 November 2023. 
  40. ↑ Sergeev, Angel (5 April 2022). "2023 Mercedes-Maybach S-Class Designed By Virgil Abloh Debuts With Style". Motor1. https://www.motor1.com/news/577931/maybach-s-class-virgil-abloh/. 
  41. ↑ Aquistapace, Jordan (11 April 2023). "Celebrities Start Taking Delivery Of Their Virgil Abloh Maybachs". https://blog.dupontregistry.com/features/661806/celebrities-delivery-virgil-abloh-maybachs/. 
  42. ↑ Miller, Caleb (5 April 2022). "Special 2023 Mercedes-Maybach S 680 Honors Designer Virgil Abloh". https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a39641958/mercedes-maybach-s680-virgil-abloh/. 
  43. ↑ Mendez, Marisa (8 June 2023). "Rick Ross Explains Why He Turned Down Chance To Own Virgil Abloh Maybach". https://hiphopdx.com/news/rick-ross-turned-down-virgil-abloh-maybach. 
  44. ↑ Miller, Caleb (5 December 2022). "2023 Mercedes-AMG S 63 Returns as a 791-HP Plug-In Hybrid". https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a42157538/2023-mercedes-amg-s63-e-performance-hybrid-details/. 
  45. ↑ Chilton, Chris (5 December 2022). "2024 Mercedes-AMG S 63 Hybrid Gets 791 HP, 33-Mile EV Range And Panamericana Grille". Carscoops. https://www.carscoops.com/2022/12/791-hp-amg-s63-hybrid-gets-33-mile-ev-range-and-panamericana-grille/. 
  46. ↑ Jordan, Markus (9 June 2023). "S 63 E Performance Frühestens Anfang 2025 Lieferbar". MB Passion. https://mbpassion.de/2023/06/mercedes-amg-s-63-e-performance-fruehestens-2025-lieferbar/. Retrieved 2 November 2023. 
  47. ↑ "Automobilen Luxus völlig neu erleben - Das Wichtigste zur neuen Mercedes-Benz S-Klasse" (in de). Daimler AG. 2 September 2020. https://media.mercedes-benz.com/article/92eb97a3-3477-4ca1-acf1-32ee0e07d646. 
  48. ↑ "The new Mercedes-Benz S-Class". Mercedes-Benz USA. 2 September 2020. https://media.mbusa.com/releases/release-4864dc194641c85bbc82d0341815415e-the-new-mercedes-benz-s-class-2021. 
  49. ↑ Wittich, Holger (3 September 2020). "Luxusliner, Generation 11" (in de). Auto Motor und Sport. https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/neuheiten/mercedes-s-klasse-w223-2020-bilder-daten-infos/. 
  50. ↑ Fletcher, Graeme (2 September 2020). "First Look: 2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class". Driving. https://driving.ca/mercedes-benz/s-class/reviews/preview/first-look-2021-mercedes-benz-s-class. 
  51. ↑ Padeanu, Adrian (3 September 2020). "Maybach S-Class To Debut In November, AMG S63e And S73e To Follow". https://www.motor1.com/news/442254/mercedes-maybach-s-class-november/. 
  52. ↑ https://www.mercedes-benz.com.cn/engine-detail.html#/engine?code=22315710-CN8&body=sedan
  53. ↑ Kuruvilla, George. "Everything you need to know about the all-new 2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class" (in en). https://www.khaleejtimes.com/drivers-seat/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-all-new-2021-mercedes-benz-s-class. 
  54. ↑ Krok, Andrew. "2023 Mercedes-AMG S63 E Performance Is One Potent Catalin suge pula - CNET" (in en). https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/2023-mercedes-amg-s63-e-performance-debut/#:~:text=Just%20like%20the%20GT%204-Door%20and%20C-Class%20AMGs,electronic%20limited-slip%20differential%20and%20its%20own%20two-speed%20transmission.. 

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