Engineering:Mil Mi-2

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Short description: Utility helicopter family by Mil
Mi-2
Mil mi-2(modified).jpg
Mi-2 of the Polish Air Force
Role Utility
Design group Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant
Built by PZL-Świdnik
First flight 22 September 1961
Introduction 1965
Primary users Soviet Air Force
Polish Armed Forces
Aeroflot
Produced 1965-1998[1]
Number built 5,497[1]
Developed from Mil Mi-1
Variants PZL Kania

The Mil Mi-2 (NATO reporting name Hoplite) is a small, three rotor blade Soviet-designed multi-purpose helicopter developed by the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant designed in the early 1960s, and produced exclusively by WSK "PZL-Świdnik" in Poland.

Design and development

The Mi-2 was produced exclusively in Poland , in the WSK "PZL-Świdnik" factory in Świdnik.

The first production helicopter in the Soviet Union was the Mil Mi-1, modelled along the lines of the S-51 and Bristol Sycamore and flown by Mikhail Mil's bureau in September 1948. During the 1950s it became evident, and confirmed by American and French development, that helicopters could be greatly improved with turbine engines. S. P. Isotov developed the GTD-350 engine and Mil used two of these in the far superior Mi-2.

The twin shaft-turbine engines used in the Mi-2 develop 40% more power than the Mi-1's piston engines, for barely half the engine weight, with the result that the payload was more than doubled. The Mi-2 fuselage was extensively altered from its predecessor, with the engines mounted overhead. However, the external dimensions remained similar.

The Mil-built prototype first flew in the Soviet Union on 22 September 1961, after the initial development the project was transferred to Poland in 1964. The first Świdnik-built example flew on 4 November 1965 (making this the only Soviet-designed helicopter to be built solely outside the Soviet Union). PZL-Świdnik produced a total of 5,497 helicopters, about a third for military users. The factory also developed fiberglass rotor blades, and developed the wide-body Mi-2M seating 10 passengers instead of eight. Most typical role-change kits include four stretchers for air ambulance usage, or aerospraying or cropdusting applications.

In Poland, several specialized military variants were also developed in early 1970s for support or training roles, with 23 mm autocannon, machine guns and/or two 57 mm rocket pods, four 9K11 Malyutka anti-tank missiles or Strela-2 AA missiles.[2]

Operational history

The Mi-2 was first introduced into the Soviet Air Force in 1965. The Mi-2 is used by mainly former Soviet and Eastern Bloc countries, although it was also purchased by Mexican Air Force and Myanmar armed forces.

Most of the armed Mi-2 variants were used by Poland . Some were also used by the former East Germany (with 7.62 mm machine gun and 57 mm unguided rocket armament only).[3]

North Korea still maintains a large active fleet of Mi-2s.[citation needed]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian forces were recorded capturing three Mi-2 helicopters in Kherson International Airport.[4]

The helicopter is also used to spray agricultural chemicals by private owners in Ukraine. 2 were killed in a crash in 2021 near Zaive in the region of Mykolaiv.[5]

Variants

Mi-2Ch exhibited in Polish Aviation Museum
Mi-2 Plus air ambulance in Poland
Mi-2P exhibited in Polish Army Museum in Warsaw.
Mi-2MSB, Helicopter World Cup in Poland 2019
V-2
First prototype.
V-2V
Armament prototype.
Mi-2 Platan
Aerial minelayer version with 20 tube launchers on external pods and in left cab door, each for six or nine mines. 18 converted for Polish Army starting from 1989.[6]
Mi-2A
Mi-2B
Upgraded export version for the Middle East, fitted with improved systems and navigational aids.
Mi-2Ch Chekla
Chemical reconnaissance / smokescreen layer version.
Mi-2D Przełącznik
Aerial command post equipped with R-111 radio.
Mi-2FM
Survey version.
Mi-2P
Passenger / cargo version, with accommodation for 6 passengers.
Mi-2R
Agricultural version.
Mi-2RL
Land rescue/ambulance version.
Mi-2RM
Sea rescue version equipped with electric winch for two people and dropped rafts.
Mi-2Ro
Reconnaissance version equipped with cameras.
UMi-2Ro
Reconnaissance trainer version.
Mi-2RS Padalec ('Slowworm')
Chemical and biohazard reconnaissance version.
Mi-2S
Air ambulance version, equipped to carry four stretcher, plus an attendant.
Mi-2Sz
Dual-control training version.
Mi-2T
Cargo/utility version.
Mi-2U
Dual-control training version.
Mi-2US
Armed version fitted with a fixed 23mm NS-23 cannon, 4 x 7,62mm PKT machine gun pods and optional cabin PK machine gun. 30 built for Polish Army in 1972-73.[2] Similar without a cannon built for East Germany.[3]
Mi-2URN Żmija ('Viper')
Armed variant with a fixed 23mm NS-23 gun and two 16x57mm S-5 unguided rocket pods Mars-2. Optional 7,62mm PK machine gun window-mounted. 7 built for Polish Army in 1973 and 18 rebuilt from Mi-2US.[2] Similar without a cannon built for East Germany.[3]
Mi-2URP Salamandra ('Salamander')
Anti-tank variant, armed with 23mm NS-23 gun, optional window-mounted 7,62mm PK machine gun, and 4x AT-3 Sagger (9M14M Malutka) wire-guided missiles on external weapons racks and 4x additional missiles in the cargo compartment. Two rebuilt and 44 built for Polish Army in 1975-84.[2]
Mi-2URP-G Gniewosz ('Smooth snake')
Mi-2URP with additional 4x AA missiles Strzała-2 (Strela 2) in two Gad rocket launchers. Six rebuilt in 1988.[6]
Mi-2 Plus
Upgraded Mi-2 with uprated GTD-350W2 engines, all-composite rotor blades, new avionics and other modifications.
Mi-3
Planned Mi-2 derivative that lacked suitable engines for the program to continue.
Mi-2MSB or MSB-2 Nadia ('Hope')
Modernized by Motor Sich to passenger-transport version for the civil aviation.[7][8][9]
Mi-2MSB-V or MSB-2MO
Modernized by Motor Sich for Ukrainian Air Force .[10] Original engine replaced with AI-450M 465 hp (347 kW) engine, armed with rocket and machine gun pods, IR-jamming system and flares dispenser for defence against MANPADS.[11]

Operators

 Algeria
 Armenia
 Azerbaijan
  • Azerbaijani Air Force[12]
 Belarus
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Indonesia
  • Indonesian Navy[14]
  • Indonesian Police[15]
 Libya
 Myanmar
 North Korea
 Peru
 Poland
A Polish Mi-2 on takeoff
A Mi-2 of the Polish Medical Air Rescue
 Russia
 Senegal
  • Senegal Air Force[23]
 Syria
 Transnistria
  • Armed Forces of Transnistria[17]
 Ukraine
 United States

Former operators

 Bulgaria
 Cuba
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
 Djibouti
 Estonia
 East Germany
  • East German Air Force (48 Mi-2 in 1972-1990, including Grenztruppen)[3]
  • Grenztruppen[3]
 Germany
 Ghana
 Hungary
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 Liberia
  • Justice Air Wing
 Mexico
 Mongolia
 Nicaragua
 Poland
  • Air ambulances in Poland[41]
 Russia
 Slovakia
  • Slovak Air Force[23]
 Ukraine
 Soviet Union
 Yugoslavia
  • Yugoslav People's Army[46]

Specifications (Mi-2T)

3-view line drawing of the Mil Mi-2

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83[47]

General characteristics

  • Crew: One
  • Capacity: 8 passengers / 700 kg (1,543 lb) internal cargo / 800 kg (1,764 lb) external cargo
  • Length: 11.4 m (37 ft 5 in)
  • Height: 3.75 m (12 ft 4 in)
  • Empty weight: 2,372 kg (5,229 lb)
  • Gross weight: 3,550 kg (7,826 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 3,700 kg (8,157 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × PZL GTD-350P turboshaft engines, 300 kW (400 shp) each
  • Main rotor diameter: 14.5 m (47 ft 7 in)
  • Main rotor area: 165.15 m2 (1,777.7 sq ft)
  • Blade section: NACA 23012M[48]

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn)
  • Range: 440 km (270 mi, 240 nmi) (max internal fuel, no reserves)
  • Service ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 4.5 m/s (890 ft/min)
  • Disk loading: 22.41 kg/m2 (4.59 lb/sq ft)
  • Power/mass: 0.0806 kW/kg (0.0490 hp/lb)

See also

Related development

  • PZL Kania

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

  • Bell 204/205

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ми-2, "avia.cybernet.name"
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rochowicz 2021, p. 92-93.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Girke, Thomas; Bader, Georg (March–April 1999). "NRD-owskie Mi-2". Lotnictwo Wojskowe (Magnum-X) Nr. 2(5)/1999: 46–48. 
  4. ↑ "Russia Captured Three Of Ukraine's Smallest Helicopters. So Ukraine's Allies Sent Three Replacements.". Forbes. 18 August 2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/08/20/russia-captured-three-of-ukraines-smallest-helicopters-so-ukraines-allies-sent-three-replacements/?sh=7ca64b943724. 
  5. ↑ "2 killed in helicopter crash in Ukraine". 17 July 2021. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/2-killed-in-helicopter-crash-in-ukraine-284628. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rochowicz 2021, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Il'yashenko, Matviy. "First flight of upgraded helicopter Mi-2MSB - Motor Sich". http://www.motorsich.com/eng/press/news/polet_Mi2MSB/. 
  8. ↑ Il'yashenko, Matviy. "The Mi-2 upgraded helicopter passed an altitude of 7 thousand meters. - Motor Sich". http://www.motorsich.com/eng/press/news/news-19.04.16/. 
  9. ↑ Karpenko, A.V.. "Modernized helicopter Mi-2MSB (Ukraine)". http://bastion-karpenko.ru/msb-2/. 
  10. ↑ "Ukrainian Military Helicopters - Modernization And Development Plans". http://www.defence24.com/269678,ukra...odernization-and-development-plans. 
  11. ↑ "Mi-2MSB - Ukrainian Combat Variant Of The Mi-2 Helicopter". http://www.defence24.com/mi-2msb-ukrainian-combat-variant-of-the-mi-2-helicopter#top-carousel. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 33.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "World Air Forces 2022". Flightglobal. 2022. https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-directory-2022/146695.article. Retrieved 10 July 2022. 
  14. ↑ TEMPO Edisi 19-25 Maret 2007 (pp. 36-37)
  15. ↑ ANGKASA No.07 Edisi April 2007 (p. 16)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 43.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 44.
  18. ↑ Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 45.
  19. ↑ Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 46.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 47.
  21. ↑ "Poland Border Guard Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/poland/bg/types/pol-border-aircraft.htm. 
  22. ↑ Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, pp. 47–48.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 48.
  24. ↑ Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 50.
  25. ↑ Hoyle and Farfad Flight International 10–16 December 2019, p. 52.
  26. ↑ "United States Army Threat Systems Management Office (TSMO)". angelfire.com. http://www.angelfire.com/dc/jinxx1/TSMO/TSMO.htm. 
  27. ↑ "Operator Performance Labs". opl.uiowa.edu. https://hfdata.opl.uiowa.edu/opl/?q=mi2. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Studies, International Institute for Strategic (1999) (in en). The Military Balance 1999-2000. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-922425-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=EuYOAAAACAAJ. Retrieved 8 August 2023. 
  29. ↑ "Bulgarian (PZL-Swidnik) Mi-2". Demand media. http://www.airliners.net/photo/Bulgaria---Air/Mil-(PZL-Swidnik)-Mi-2/0978293/L/&sid=01fd747510cbfcda9d74648813e9153e. 
  30. ↑ "Cuba Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/americas/cuba/Cuba-af-Mi2.htm. 
  31. ↑ "World Air Forces 2018". Flightglobal Insight. 2018. https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905/waf/. 
  32. ↑ "Djibouti Air Force Aircraft Types". xairforces.net. https://xairforces.net/galleryd.asp?id=117&galleryid=618&shf=&shf3=2#.XrQviURKjcs. 
  33. ↑ "Mil Mi-2 datbase". helicopter-database.de. http://www.helicopter-database.de/mi2_search.php?type=99999&reg=&cn=&batch=99999&operator=348&category=99999&sortby=99999&acindex=__. 
  34. ↑ "Polizei Mil Mi-2 (PZL-Swidnik)". Demand media. http://www.airliners.net/photo/Polizei/Mil-(PZL-Swidnik)-Mi-2.../0237584/L/. 
  35. ↑ "Hungary Police Aviation". aeroflight.co.uk. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/hung/pol/hung-pol-home.htm. 
  36. ↑ "Hungary Police Mil Mi-2". Demand media. http://www.airliners.net/photo/Hungary---Police/Mil-(PZL-Swidnik)-Mi-2/1975901/L/&sid=e5e4f2eb7899ae70a7fc6c6f7105cedf. 
  37. ↑ "Lithuania - Air Force Mil Mi-2". jetphotos.net. http://jetphotos.net/viewphoto.php?id=7373207. 
  38. ↑ "Mexican Armada". aeroflight.co.uk. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/americas/mexico/mex-naval-aircraft.htm. 
  39. ↑ World Air Forces - Historical Listings Mongolia (MON) . worldairforces.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-27.
  40. ↑ "World Air Forces 2013". Flightglobal Insight. http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/101015/world-air-forces-2013.pdf. 
  41. ↑ "Lotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe » Ostatni lot Mi-2" (in pl-PL). https://www.lpr.com.pl/pl/ostatni-lot-mi-2/. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 "Mi-2 Helicopter. History of Development". http://www.mi-helicopter.ru/eng/index.php?id=123. 
  43. ↑ Studies (IISS), The International Institute for Strategic (24 December 2021) (in en). The Military Balance 2014. Routledge. pp. 194−197. ISBN 978-1-000-67421-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=LDNVEAAAQBAJ. Retrieved 8 August 2023. 
  44. ↑ "Mi-2 DataBase". helicopter-database.de. http://www.helicopter-database.de/mi2_search.php?PageSize=25. 
  45. ↑ "Aeroflot Mil Mi-2". jetphotos.net. http://jetphotos.net/viewphoto.php?id=268307. 
  46. ↑ "Yugoslavian use of Mil Mi-2 in military and air ambulance use". http://www.mycity-military.com/Helikopteri/Mil-Mi-2-PZL-2-Kania-PZL-3-Sok.html. 
  47. ↑ Taylor 1982, pp. 169–170.
  48. ↑ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html. 
  • Hoyle, Craig and Fafard, Antoine. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, 10–16 December 2019, Volume 196, issue 5716. pp. 26–54.
  • Mondey, David, Encyclopedia of The World's Commercial and Private Aircraft. Crescent Books, New York NY, 1981. p. 245, "WSK-Swidnik Mi-2 Hoplite"
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. ISBN:0 7106-0748-2.
  • Mi-2 DataBase
  • Mi-2 Photo Gallery
  • Rochowicz, Robert (November 2021). "Lotnictwo wojsk lądowych w ludowym Wojsku Polskim". Nowa Technika Wojskowa nr. 4/2021. ISSN 1230-1655. 

External links



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