Engineering:RAAD (anti-tank guided missile)

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RAAD
TypeAnti-tank missile
Place of originIran
Service history
In service1988–present
Used bySee Operators
Wars2006 Lebanon War
Syrian Civil War
Iraqi Civil War
Production history
DesignerKBM
ManufacturerParchin Missile Industries[1]
No. builtthousands[citation needed]
VariantsRAAD, I-RAAD, RAAD-T, I-RAAD-T
Specifications
Mass10.9 kg (RAAD/I-RAAD)
23 kg (guidance System)
Length83 cm (RAAD/I-RAAD)
98 cm (RAAD-T/I-RAAD-T)
Effective firing range400–3,000 m[2]
WarheadHEAT
Blast yield400 mm RHA (I-RAAD-T)
Speed120 m/s
Guidance
system
MCLOS or SACLOS

The Raad (Persian: رعد‎, "thunder") or RAAD is an Iranian wire-guided anti-tank guided missile based on the Soviet 9M14M Malyutka (AT-3b Sagger) missile.[3] The Raad began mass production in 1988 and was publicly unveiled in 1997. It is manufactured by Parchin Missile Industries, a subsidiary of Iran's Defense Industries Organization.

The Raad family comes in four variants: the base RAAD missile, a clone of the 9M14M Malyutka-M (AT-3b Sagger); the I-RAAD, with SACLOS guidance, the RAAD-T, with a tandem warhead, and the I-RAAD-T, with both a tandem warhead and SACLOS guidance. The I-RAAD-T version is the most modern in the family and the most widely exported.[citation needed]

The Raad is one of a number of anti-tank guided missiles assembled in Iran, along with the Toophan (TOW copy), the Towsan-1 (AT-5B copy), the Dehlaviyeh (AT-14 copy), and the Saegheh (M47 Dragon copy). With only 400mm RHA penetration for the I-RAAD-T variant, the RAAD is obsolete against modern or older battle tanks and is largely used by second-line units or against soft targets.[citation needed] The Raad has been exported to militias in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria and has been used in the 2006 Lebanon War and the Iraqi and Syrian civil wars.

Name

RAAD means thunder in Persian. It is not an acronym and many sources do not capitalize the name. It is not to be confused with several other Iranian weapons also named Raad, such as the Raad-1, the Raad-2, Iran's Ra'ad anti ship missile or Pakistan's Ra'ad cruise missile.

History

During the Iran-Iraq War, Iran had an acute need for anti-tank missiles, necessitating the country to buy AT-3 Sagger missiles.[3] Indigenous manufacturing work began in the tail end of the war[4] and mass production began in 1998,[5][6] with the Raad being the first anti-tank guided weapon to be built by Iran.[3] The weapon was unveiled on April 30, 1997.[7] The RAAD has almost identical components with 9M14 Malyutka, from the battery to the guidance unit.[8] The Raad is built under license.[citation needed]

According to SIPRI, 1500 RAAD/Sagger missiles were built or imported by Iran between 1996 and 2001[9] and 2,250 from 1996 to 2004.[10]

Combat use

Iran supplied Hezbollah with the Raad in the early 2000s and Hezbollah used Raad missiles in the 2006 Lebanon War.[11]

Israel captured ten baseline RAAD missiles on the Karine A in January 2002.[12]

The Raad has been used in the Syrian Civil War by Hezbollah and army forces.[13] It is unclear if RAAD missiles were supplied to the army before or during the war.[14] Some missiles have been captured by rebel forces as well.[citation needed]

I-RAAD-T missiles have been used in the Iraqi Civil War.[citation needed]

Variants

RAAD

The RAAD is an identical copy of the Russian 9M14M Malyutka-M (NATO AT-3b "Sagger").[3]

RAAD-T

The first improvement of the RAAD missile, the RAAD-T has a tandem warhead to defeat explosive Reactive Armor. However, the RAAD-T still uses the obsolete MCLOS guidance of the original RAAD.[4] According to its export material, the RAAD-T has improved maneuverability over the base RAAD[2] and has 400 mm RHA penetration after reactive armor.[15]

I-RAAD

For Improved RAAD, the I-RAAD has a different launcher with a tripod-mounted SACLOS guidance system that makes the missile much easier to aim.[3] The specific SACLOS method is a TV differential tracker.[3] The guidance unit is similar to that of the Chinese HJ-73 system,[3] and possibly the HJ-73C model in particular.[6] First seen in 1998.[8] In addition, up to four missiles can be linked to one I-RAAD launcher unit; it is considered a significant improvement.[citation needed] RAAD missiles can be used by I-RAAD launchers.[3]

I-RAAD-T

The I-RAAD-T system combines the tandem-warhead of the RAAD-T missile with the SACLOS guidance system of the I-RAAD launcher.[3] RAAD and I-RAAD missiles can be retrofitted to the I-RAAD-T standard.[2] The I-RAAD-T also includes a simulator that allows operators to be trained on the system without actually firing a missile.[3] 400 mm RHA penetration after reactive armor.[2]

Operators

  •  Iranref> The Military Balance 2019. International Institute for Strategic Studies. February 2019. p. 341. ISBN 978-1857439885. </ref>
  • Hezbollah
  •  Syria
  •  Iraq (Popular Mobilization Forces)
  • Al-Quds Brigades[16]

References

  1. ↑ "Parchin". 2008-10-15. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/parchin.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Parchin Missile Industries, I-RAAD-T brochure
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 "AIO Raad Anti-Tank Guided Weapon (Iran), Vehicle-mounted anti-tank guided weapons". Jane's Information Group. 2008-07-02. http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery-Upgrades/AIO-Raad-Anti-Tank-Guided-Weapon-Iran.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "آشنایی با موشک‌های ضد زره ایران". http://hamshahrionline.ir/details/177687. 
  5. ↑ "Arms Deliveries to Iran and Self-Sufficiency". Defense Intelligence Agency. 24 February 1988. http://www.dia.mil/FOIA/FOIA-Electronic-Reading-Room/FOIA-Reading-Room-Iran/FileId/89383/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Лямин, Юрий (5 October 2012). "Легкое противотанковое вооружение Ирана. Часть 1". https://imp-navigator.livejournal.com/178035.html. 
  7. ↑ "Missile Chronology, 1997". Nuclear Threat Initiative. February 2006. http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Iran/Missile/1788_1812.html. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "RAAD series anti-tank weapon systems (Iran), Anti-tank weapons". Jane's Information Group. 2008-12-31. http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jiw/jiw_0753.html. 
  9. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). War Online. 2002-12-19. http://www.waronline.org/mideast/iran_industry.htm. 
  10. ↑ "Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons: Imports sorted by recipient. Deals with deliveries or orders made 1994-2004". http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/REG_IMP_IRA_94-04.pdf. 
  11. ↑ Riad Kahwaji (2006-08-20). "Arab States Eye Better Spec Ops, Missiles". Ocnus.Net. http://www.ocnus.net/cgi-bin/exec/view.cgi?archive=100&num=25670&printer=1. 
  12. ↑ Kirill & Oleg Granovsky (2002-07-20). "Weapons Found on 'Karine-A' and 'Santorini'". http://www.waronline.org/en/analysis/pal_weapons.htm. 
  13. ↑ "Mohamed Mansour محمد منصور on Twitter". https://twitter.com/Mansourtalk/status/933398100617629696. 
  14. ↑ Rodríguez, Yago (16 March 2016). "Tipos de misiles guiados antitanque en Siria (Capítulo/serie 2.1)". https://misterxanlisis.wordpress.com/2016/03/16/tipos-de-misiles-guiados-contra-carro-anti-tanque-en-siria-capitulo-1-1/. 
  15. ↑ Terrorism: Documents of International and Local Control, Volume 92. Oceana Publications, 2008. p. 211
  16. ↑ "Mohamed Mansour محمد منصور on Twitter". https://twitter.com/Mansourtalk/status/892426321418125312. 




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