Engineering:RPG-7

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RPG-7
RPG-7 detached.jpg
An RPG-7 with a Russian PG-7G inert training warhead and booster (below), pictured with the launcher
TypeRocket-propelled grenade launcher[1]
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1961–present
Used bySee Users
WarsSince the Vietnam War
Production history
DesignerBazalt
Designed1958
ManufacturerBazalt and Degtyarev plant (Russian Federation)
Produced1958–present
No. built9,000,000+
VariantsRPG-7V2 (current model)
RPG-7D3 (paratrooper)
Type 69 RPG (China)
RPG-7USA (Airtronic)[2]
Specifications
Mass7 kg (15 lb)
Length950 mm (37.4 in)
Calibre40 mm
Muzzle velocity115 m/s (boost)
300 m/s (flight)
Effective firing range200 m
Maximum firing range500 m
(self detonates at ≈920 m (1,000 yd))
SightsPGO-7 (2.7×), UP-7V Telescopic sight and 1PN51/1PN58 night vision sights
Red dot reflex sight

The RPG-7 (Russian: РПГ-7) is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher. Originally the RPG-7 (Ручной Противотанковый Гранатомёт – Ruchnoy Protivotankoviy Granatomyot – Hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher) and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union; it is now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has the GRAU index (Russian armed forces index) 6G3.

The ruggedness, simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness of the RPG-7 has made it the most widely used anti-armor weapon in the world. Currently around 40 countries use the weapon, and it is manufactured in several variants by nine countries. It is popular with irregular and guerrilla forces. The RPG has been used in almost all conflicts across all continents since the mid-1960s from the Vietnam War to the early 2010s War in Afghanistan.

Widely produced, the most commonly seen major variations are the RPG-7D paratrooper model (can be broken into two parts for easier carrying), and the lighter Chinese Type 69 RPG. DIO of Iran manufactures RPG-7s with olive green handguards, H&K pistol grips, and a Commando variant.

The RPG-7 was first delivered to the Soviet Army in 1961 and deployed at squad level. It replaced the RPG-2, having clearly out-performed the intermediate RPG-4 design during testing. The current model produced by the Russian Federation is the RPG-7V2, capable of firing standard and dual high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, high explosive/fragmentation, and thermobaric warheads (see below), with a UP-7V sighting device fitted (used in tandem with the standard 2.7× PGO-7 optical sight) to allow the use of extended range ammunition. The RPG-7D3 is the equivalent paratrooper model. Both the RPG-7V2 and RPG-7D3 were adopted by the Russian Ground Forces in 2001.

Description

The launcher is reloadable and based around a steel tube, 40 millimetres in diameter, 95.3 centimetres long, and weighing 7 kilograms. The middle of the tube is wood wrapped to protect the user from heat and the end is flared to assist in blast shielding and recoil reduction.[dubious – discuss] Sighting is usually optical with a back-up iron sight, and passive infra-red and night sights are also available. The launchers designated RPG-7N1 and RPG-7DN1 can thus mount the multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN51[3] and the launchers designated RPG-7N2 and RPG-7DN2 can mount the multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN58.[4]

As with similar weapons, the grenade protrudes from the launch tubes. It is 40–105 millimetres in diameter and weighs between 2.0[5][6][7] and 4.5 kilograms. It is launched by a gunpowder booster charge, giving it an initial speed of 115 metres per second, and creating a cloud of light grey-blue smoke that can give away the position of the shooter.[8] The rocket motor[9] ignites after 10 metres and sustains flight out to 500 metres at a maximum velocity of 295 metres per second. The grenade is stabilized by two sets of fins that deploy in-flight: one large set on the stabilizer pipe to maintain direction and a smaller front set to induce rotation. The grenade can fly up to 1 100 metres; the fuze sets the maximum range, usually 920 metres.[10]

Propulsion system

An Afghan National Army soldier firing an RPG-7, 2013

According to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Bulletin 3u (1977) Soviet RPG-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher—Capabilities and Countermeasures, the RPG-7 munition has two sections: a "booster" section and a "warhead and sustainer motor" section. These must be assembled into the ready-to-use grenade. The booster consists of a "small strip powder charge" that serves to propel the grenade out of the launcher; the sustainer motor then ignites and propels the grenade for the next few seconds, giving it a top speed of 294 metres per second (660 mph). The TRADOC bulletin provides anecdotal commentary that the RPG-7 has been fired from within buildings, which agrees with the two-stage design. It is stated that only a 2-metre standoff to a rear obstruction is needed for use inside rooms or fortifications. The fins not only provide drag stabilization, but are designed to impart a slow rotation to the grenade.

Due to the configuration of the RPG-7 sustainer/warhead section, it responds counter-intuitively to crosswinds. A crosswind will tend to exert pressure on the stabilizing fins, causing the projectile to turn into the wind. While the rocket motor is still burning, this will cause the flight path to curve into the wind. The TRADOC bulletin explains aiming difficulties for more distant moving targets in crosswinds at some length. Similar to a recoilless rifle the RPG-7 has no noticeable recoil, the only effect during firing being that of the sudden lightness of the launcher as the rocket leaves the tube.

Airtronic RPG-7

In 2009, the American company Airtronic USA unveiled a modernized version of the weapon called the RPG-7USA. The launcher is fitted with updated features including a MIL-STD-1913 Quad Rail System for mounting combat optics, flip-up back up iron sights, aiming lasers/illuminators, tactical lights, and vertical foregips, as well as an M4 carbine-style pistol grip and telescoping stock. Compared to the RPG-7V2, the American launcher, named by the company the Precision Shoulder-fired Rocket Launcher (PSRL-1), is slightly lighter at 14 lb (6.35 kg) unloaded without optics and is made of 4140/4150 ordnance-grade steel for a longer 1,000-round lifespan that can separate into two pieces for compact carry. The PSRL-1 uses EOTech sights with a new sighting system that combines an illuminated reticule for use in low light situations, and is able to be fitted with magnifying optical sights for long-range firing enabling 90% hit probability at 800 metres, twice the distance of other RPGs; rate of fire is 3-4 rounds per minute. It is reportedly accurate at ranges from 900-1,200 m, and guided rockets could extend range to 2 000 metres. The weapon was a program of record in U.S. Special Operations Command by 2015, and the PSRL-1 was to enter production by mid-2016. Airtronic has also developed the more advanced GS-777/PSRL-2 model made of high-strength polymer that reduces weight to 7.77 lb (3.5 kg) and further improves durability and life cycle.[11][12][13][14][15]

Ammunition

Rocket-propelled grenades
Inside of an RPG's three sections.
I) The head contains
  1. trigger
  2. conductive cone
  3. aerodynamic fairing
  4. conical liner
  5. body
  6. explosive
  7. conductor
  8. detonator
II) The rocket motor consists of
  1. nozzle block
  2. nozzle
  3. motor body
  4. propellant
  5. motor rear
  6. ignition primer
III) The booster charge includes
  1. fin
  2. cartridge
  3. charge
  4. turbine
  5. tracer
  6. foam wad

The RPG-7 can fire a variety of warheads for anti-armor (HEAT, PG-Protivotankovaya Granata) or anti-personnel (HE, OG-Oskolochnaya Granata) purposes, usually fitting with an impact (PIBD) and a 4.5 second fuze. Armor penetration is warhead dependent and ranges from 30 to 60 centimetres of RHA; one warhead, the PG-7VR, is a 'tandem charge' device, used to defeat reactive armor with a single shot.

Current production ammunition for the RPG-7V2 consists of four main types:

  • PG-7VL [c.1977] Improved 93 mm HEAT warhead effective against most vehicles and fortified targets.[5][6][7]
  • PG-7VR [c.1988] Dual 64 mm/105 mm HEAT warhead for defeating modern armored vehicles equipped with reactive armor blocks. The first warhead (64 mm HEAT) detonates the reactive armor block prematurely and the second warhead (105 mm HEAT) passes through the gap to hit the exposed armor underneath.
  • TBG-7V Tanin [c.1988] 105 mm Thermobaric warhead for anti-personnel and urban warfare.
  • OG-7V [c.1999] 40 mm Fragmentation warhead for anti-personnel warfare. Has no sustainer motor.

Other warhead variants include:

  • PG-7V [c.1961] Baseline 85 mm HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 260 mm RHA.[16][17][18]
  • PG-7VM [c.1969] Improved 70 mm HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 300 mm RHA.[17][18]
  • PG-7VS [c.1972] Improved 73 mm HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 400 mm RHA.[17][18]
  • PG-7VS1 [c.mid-1970s] Cheaper PG-7VS version capable of penetrating 360 mm RHA.[17]
  • GSh-7VT [c.2013] Anti-bunker warhead with cylindrical follow-through blast-fragmentation munition followed by explosively formed penetrator.[19]

Specifications

Manufacturer specifications for the RPG-7V1.[20][21]

Name Type Image Weight Explosive weight[22][23][24] Diameter Penetration Lethal radius
PG-7VL Single-stage HEAT RPG PG 7VL.png 2.6 kg (5.7 lb) 730 g OKFOL (95% HMX + 5% wax) 93 mm (3.7 in) >500 mm (20 in) RHA
PG-7VR Tandem charge HEAT RPG PG 7R.png 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) ?/1.43 kg OKFOL (95% HMX + 5% wax) 64 mm (2.5 in)/105 mm (4.1 in) 600 mm RHA (with reactive armor)

750 mm RHA[25] (without reactive armor)

OG-7V Fragmentation RPG OG 7VL.png 2 kg (4 lb) 210 g (7.4 oz) A-IX-1 40 mm (1.6 in) 7 m (23 ft) (vs. body armor)
150 m without body armor
TBG-7V Thermobaric RPG TBG 7V.png 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) 1.9 kg ОМ 100МИ-3Л + 0.25 kg A-IX-1(as thermobaric explosive booster) 105 mm (4.1 in) 10 m (30 ft)

Hit probabilities

A 1976 U.S. Army evaluation of the weapon gave the hit probabilities on a 5-metre (16 ft) wide, 2.5-metre (8 ft 2 in) tall panel moving sideways at 4 metres per second (8.9 mph).[26] This probability decreases when firing in a crosswind due to the unusual behaviour of the round; in an 11-kilometre-per-hour (6.8 mph) (3 m/s) wind, the gunner can not expect to get a first-round hit more than 50% of the time beyond 180 m.[27]

Afghan National Police officer at a training site, ready to fire an RPG round.
Range Percent
50 m 100%
100 m 96%
200 m 51%
300 m 22%
400 m 9%
500 m 4%

History of use

Accurate firing is difficult at ranges over 300 metres. During the Soviet–Afghan War, the mujahideen tended to use the weapon at ranges of less than 80 metres.

The RPG-7 was used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 2005, most notably in Lurgan, County Armagh, where it was used against British Army observation posts and the towering military base at Kitchen Hill in the town.[28] The IRA also used them in Catholic areas of West Belfast against British Army armoured personnel carriers and Army forward operating bases (FOB). Beechmount Avenue in Belfast became known as "RPG Avenue" after attacks on British troops.[29]

In Mogadishu, Somalia, RPG-7s were used to down two U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopters in 1993.[30][31]

Users

Iraqi Security Force (ISF) soldier with an RPG-7.
Georgian soldiers with RPG-7.
U.S. and Bulgarian soldiers training with RPG-7s.
A Bulgarian soldier with an ATGL-L (Bulgarian copy of the RPG-7) equipped with a red dot reflex sight.
A Romanian soldier with an AG-7 (licensed built RPG-7).
Iranian manufactured RPG-7 launcher, uncovered in Lebanon, by the IDF.
South African soldiers with an RPG-7
  •  Afghanistan[32]
  •  Angola[32]
  •  Armenia[32]
  •  Austria[34]
  •  Azerbaijan[32]
  •  Belarus[32]
  •  Benin[32]
  •  Bosnia and Herzegovina[34]
  •  Botswana[32]
  •  Bulgaria: Produced locally by Arsenal Corporation as ATGL-L.[35]
  •  Burkina Faso[36]
  •  Burundi[34]
  •  Cambodia[32]
  •  Cape Verde[32]
  •  Central African Republic[32]
  •  Chad[32]
  •  China: Type 69 reverse-engineered copy.[37]
  •  Congo-Brazzaville[32]
  •  Congo-Kinshasa[32]
  •  Croatia[32]
  •  Cuba[32]
  •  Cyprus[32]
  •  Czech Republic[32]
  •  Djibouti[32]
  •  Egypt[32]: Locally produced without license as PG-7 by Sakr Factory for Developed Industries[38]
  •  El Salvador[34]
  •  Eritrea[32]
  •  Estonia[32]
  •  Fiji[39]
  •  Georgia: Modified version "RPG-7D" locally produced by STC DELTA[40][41][42]
  •  Ghana[32]
  •  Guatemala[34]
  •  Guinea[32]
  •  Guyana[32]
  •  Hungary[43]
  •  Iran[32]. Produced locally as Sageg.[44]
  •  Iraq[32]. Produced locally as Al-Nassira from the 1980s by Ba'athist Iraq.[44]
  •  Israel: Large stocks held as secondary ATW.[45] Rounds produced locally.[46]
  •  Jordan[32]
  •  Kazakhstan[32]
  •  Kyrgyzstan[32]
  •  Laos[32]
  •  Latvia[32]
  •  Lebanon[32]
  •  Liberia: Used by both the Liberian Army and guerrilla factions in the Liberian Civil Wars.[47]
  •  Libya[32] (used by both sides in the Libyan Civil War)
  •  Lithuania[32]
  •  Macedonia[32]
  •  Madagascar[32]
  •  Malaysia[48][49][50]
  •  Mali[51]
  •  Malta[32]
  •  Mauritania[32]
  •  Mexico[34]
  •  Moldova[32]. Produced locally.[34]
  •  Mongolia[32]
  •  Morocco[32]
  •  Mozambique: Non state-users[34][52]
  •  Myanmar: Clones made as MA-10.[53]
  •  Nicaragua[32]
  •  Nigeria: Produced under license by the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria[54][32]
  •  North Korea[32]
  •  Pakistan: Used by Pakistan Army and paramilitary forces of Pakistan.[32] RPG-7V version made under license by Pakistan Machine Tool Factory.[55][56]
  •  Papua New Guinea[57]
  •  Philippines: Philippine Army ATGL-L2 variant.[58] Contract signed with Russian Ministry of Defense for additional deliveries of RPG-7V launchers and ammunition.[59]
  •  Poland[32] - Produced RPG-7 and RPG-7W variants.[60]
  •  Romania[32] – Produced locally by SC Carfil SA from Brașov as AG-7 (Romanian: Aruncătorul de Grenade 7, Grenade Launcher 7).[61]
  •  Russia[32]
  •  Rwanda[32]
  •  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: Used by the Polisario Front.[62]
  •  Sao Tome and Principe[32]
  •  Saudi Arabia: Saudi army[34]
  •  Senegal[32]
  •  Seychelles[32]
  •  Sierra Leone[32]
  •  Somalia[32]
  •  South Africa: South African National Defence Force.[63]
  •  South Korea[34]
  •  South Sudan: South Sudan Democratic Movement, Sudan Liberation Movement/Army, South Sudan Defence Forces, Sudan People's Liberation Army used RPG-7, type 69s and Iranian-made RPGs[64]
  •  Sri Lanka[65]
  •  Sudan: Made by Military Industry Corporation as the Sinar.[66]
  •  Suriname: Used by the Military of Suriname[32]
  •  Syria[32] (used by all sides in the Syrian civil war[34])
  •  Tajikistan[32]. Produced locally.[34]
  •  Togo[32]
  •  Turkey[67]
  •  Turkmenistan[32]. Produced locally.[34]
  •  Ukraine[32]. Produced locally.[34]
  •  United States: Produced locally and in service with governmental users.[34]
  •  Uzbekistan[32]. Produced locally.[34]
  •  Venezuela[32]
  •  Vietnam[32] Designated the B41 in North Vietnamese service.[68]
  •  Yemen[32]
  •  Zambia[32]
  •  Zimbabwe[32]


Former users

  •  Czechoslovakia - Produced RPG-7 and RPG-7V variants, known as Pancéřovka.[60]
  •  East Germany - Produced RPG-7 and RPG-7W variants.[60]
  •  Grenada
  •  Rhodesia[69]
  •  Singapore - operated in 1968, and decommissioned in 1985.[48]
  •  Soviet Union
  • UNITA[70]
  •  Yugoslavia[citation needed]
  •  South Vietnam Small numbers captured from PAVN forces.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "RPG-7/RPG-7V/RPG-7VR Rocket Propelled Grenade Launcher (Multi Purpose Weapon)". Defense Update. 2006. http://defense-update.com/products/r/rpg.htm. Retrieved 23 January 2011. 
  2. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 41.
  3. ↑ (in Russian). January 1992. pp. 11, 16. 
  4. ↑ (in Russian). February 1991. pp. 5, 15. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 John Pike. "RPG-7". globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/rpg-7-specs.htm. Retrieved 2014-01-20. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "RosOboronExport". rusarm.ru. http://www.rusarm.ru/mmc/index.html. Retrieved 2014-01-20. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Images stories of east_europe,rpg-7_ammunition_Russia_russian_001". armyrecognition.com. http://www.armyrecognition.com/images/stories/east_europe/russia/weapons/rpg-7/rpg-7_ammunition_Russia_russian_001.jpg. Retrieved 2014-01-20. 
  8. ↑ (U.S.), Infantry School; School, United States Army Infantry; Office, United States Army Infantry School Editorial and Pictorial; Dept, United States Army Infantry School Book (3 October 1998). "Infantry". U.S. Army Infantry School. https://books.google.com/books?id=B_GklIEyF0EC&q=black+hawk+down+%22rpg+7%22+modify&dq=black+hawk+down+%22rpg+7%22+modify&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zkVgUd2ROITZrQed5oGIAQ&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw. 
  9. ↑ no rocket motors in OG-7V
  10. ↑ Grillo, Ioan. "Mexico’s Drug Lords Ramp Up Their Arsenals with RPGs". http://world.time.com/2012/10/25/mexicos-drug-lords-ramp-up-their-arsenals-with-rpgs/. 
  11. ↑ Airtronic USA Develops American RPG-7: Meet the Amerikansky Rocket-Propelled Grenade Launcher - Defensereview.com, 13 April 2009
  12. ↑ Everything is Cooler with Rails - Airtronic's RPG7-USA - Militarytimes.com, 21 May 2009
  13. ↑ U.S. Army Tests Soviet-Designed Rocket Launcher - Kitup.Military.com, 18 February 2015
  14. ↑ RPGs, grenades and dummies: 9 soldier-tested gadgets - Armytimes.com, 6 April 2015
  15. ↑ Americanized RPG-7 is Ready to Serve - Defense-Update.com, 14 October 2015
  16. ↑ RPG-7 antitank grenade launcher (USSR / Russia) - Modernfirearms.net
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 RPG-7 - Military-Today.com
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 RPG-7 Anti-tank rocket grenade launcher - Armyrecognition.com
  19. ↑ FKP GkNIPAS completes development of anti-bunker round for RPG-7V2 grenade launcher - Janes.com, 30 June 2013
  20. ↑ "Rosoboronexport". Rusarm.ru. http://www.rusarm.ru/. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  21. ↑ John Pike. "RPG-7". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/rpg-7-specs.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  22. ↑ Per Ordata
  23. ↑ Per [1] The last picture, source from deputy chief designer of Bazalt
  24. ↑ Per [2] defense-update RPG-29 due to PG-29V and PG-7VR has same warhead
  25. ↑ ARG. "RPG-7 Anti-Tank Rocket Launcher | Military-Today.com". http://www.military-today.com/firearms/rpg_7.htm. 
  26. ↑ TRADOC BULLETIN 1, Range and Lethality of U.S. and Soviet Anti-Armour Weapons.. United States Army Training And Doctrine Command. 30 September 1975. http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA392784. 
  27. ↑ TRADOC BULLETIN 3, Soviet RPG-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher.. United States Army Training And Doctrine Command. November 1976. 
  28. ↑ Oppenheimer, A.R. (2009). IRA The Bombs and the Bullets: A history of deadly ingenuity. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. p. 227. ISBN:978-0-7165-2895-1. pp. 240–241
  29. ↑ Harrison, David (2007-05-13). "Fragile calm behind Ulster's 'peace walls'". Telegraph.co.uk. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1551421/Fragile-calm-behind-Ulsters-peace-walls.html. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  30. ↑ Speck, Shane (2004-03-11). "How Rocket-Propelled Grenades Work". Science.howstuffworks.com. http://science.howstuffworks.com/rpg4.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  31. ↑ Thornton, Rod (12 February 2007). "Asymmetric Warfare: Threat and Response in the 21st Century". Polity. https://books.google.com/books?id=T1ZKVo8bKkkC&pg=PA82&dq=black+hawk+down+%22rpg+7%22+modify&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zkVgUd2ROITZrQed5oGIAQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=black+hawk+down+%22rpg+7%22+modify&f=false. 
  32. ↑ 32.00 32.01 32.02 32.03 32.04 32.05 32.06 32.07 32.08 32.09 32.10 32.11 32.12 32.13 32.14 32.15 32.16 32.17 32.18 32.19 32.20 32.21 32.22 32.23 32.24 32.25 32.26 32.27 32.28 32.29 32.30 32.31 32.32 32.33 32.34 32.35 32.36 32.37 32.38 32.39 32.40 32.41 32.42 32.43 32.44 32.45 32.46 32.47 32.48 32.49 32.50 32.51 32.52 32.53 32.54 32.55 32.56 32.57 32.58 32.59 32.60 32.61 32.62 32.63 32.64 32.65 Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN:978-0-7106-2869-5.
  33. ↑ Gore, Patrick Wilson (2008). 'Tis Some Poor Fellow's Skull: Post-Soviet Warfare in the Southern Caucasus. p. 60. https://books.google.fr/books?id=gn6VTh0Iv_YC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=RPG-7+karabagh&source=bl&ots=jW09W_X1_P&sig=fO0IkU5Njbn2s3ekqLhBky1F7ko&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV9qaz0ZDdAhVOQBoKHUHtDdQQ6AEwFHoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=RPG-7%20karabagh&f=false. 
  34. ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 34.11 34.12 34.13 34.14 34.15 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bicc
  35. ↑ ATGL-L anti-tank grenade launcher , arsenal.bg
  36. ↑ "Burkina Faso: Un véhicule emporté lors d'un braquage à Ouahigouya" (in fr). 13 October 2016. http://koaci.com/burkina-faso-vehicule-emporte-lors-braquage-ouahigouya-102829.html. 
  37. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 36.
  38. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 37.
  39. ↑ "Rosyjska broń dla Fidżi" (in polish). altair.pl. http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=18730. Retrieved 2016-02-21. 
  40. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20141222140020/http://delta.gov.ge/en/product/hand-anti-tank-grenade-launcher-rpg-7g/. Retrieved 2015-04-09. 
  41. ↑ "ქართული წარმოების სამხედრო აღჭურვილობა". geo-army.ge. http://www.geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=331%3A2012-04-11-16-56-51&catid=27%3Anews&lang=ka. Retrieved 2014-01-20. 
  42. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20141026105230/http://tbilaviamsheni.ge/gallery/rpg%20stc%20delta.pdf. Retrieved 2014-09-17. 
  43. ↑ Lugosi, József (2008). "Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008". in Lugosi, József; Markó, György. Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó. p. 389. ISBN 978-963-327-461-3. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Rottman 2010, p. 38.
  45. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 33.
  46. ↑ Katz, Samuel (1986) Israeli Defence Forces Since 1973. Osprey ISBN:0-85045-687-8
  47. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 43.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "RPG–7 – Rocket Propelled Grenade Launcher (1961)". Military Factory. 2012-05-16. http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=10. Retrieved 2012-11-20. 
  49. ↑ Nazrini Badarun (24 May 2017). "Unit khas polis ESSZONE akan terima RPG baru" (in Malay). New Sabah Times. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170605210325/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/15952. Retrieved 6 June 2017. 
  50. ↑ "Rocket-propelled grenade boost for security". Daily Express. 24 May 2017. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170605211021/http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=117879. Retrieved 6 June 2017. 
  51. ↑ Touchard, Laurent (18 June 2013). "Armée malienne : le difficile inventaire". Jeune Afrique. http://www.jeuneafrique.com/170176/politique/arm-e-malienne-le-difficile-inventaire/. 
  52. ↑ Vines, Alex (March 1998). "Disarmament in Mozambique". Journal of Southern African Studies 24 (1): 191-205. 
  53. ↑ https://read01.com/O3LKK6j.html#.W2hV8Lh9iUk
  54. ↑ Okoroafor, Cynthia (2015-08-27). "You probably didn’t know that Nigeria already manufactures these weapons". Ventures. http://venturesafrica.com/you-probably-didnt-know-that-nigeria-already-manufactures-these-weapons/. Retrieved 2017-01-24. 
  55. ↑ IDEAS 2012. 6. Small Arms Defense Journal. 5 December 2014. http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=2794. 
  56. ↑ IDEAS 2016—Pakistan. 9. Small Arms Defense Journal. 13 October 2017. http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=4096. 
  57. ↑ Alpers, Philip (2010). Karp, Aaron. ed. The Politics of Destroying Surplus Small Arms: Inconspicuous Disarmament. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge Books. pp. 168–169. ISBN 978-0-415-49461-8. 
  58. ↑ "Philippines acquires RPG-7 (USA) for anti-armour operations". 2014-01-13. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140116082850/http://www.janes.com/article/32297/philippines-acquires-rpg-7-usa-for-anti-armour-operations. Retrieved 2014-01-15. 
  59. ↑ "Russia and Philippines sign military-technical agreement : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12148115@egNews. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 Rottman 2010, p. 39.
  61. ↑ Carfil website
  62. ↑ Ignacio Fuente Cobo; Fernando M. Mariño Menéndez (2006) (in es). El conflicto del Sahara occidental. Ministerio de Defensa de España & Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. p. 78. ISBN 84-9781-253-0. https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/handle/10016/17377/04_conflictos_saharaoccidental_2006.pdf. 
  63. ↑ "Anti Tank weapons". South African Army. http://www.army.mil.za/equipment/weaponsystems/infantry/RPG7ATRL_106mm%C2%AD_Recoilless_Rifle_Syst.htm. Retrieved 2014-01-20. 
  64. ↑ Small Arms Survey (2014). "Weapons tracing in Sudan and South Sudan". Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and guns. Cambridge University Press. pp. 227, 229, 234. http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2014/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2014-Chapter-7-EN.pdf. 
  65. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Roshan Babu Sundararaj
  66. ↑ Sinar Light Antitank Rocket Launcher Retrieved on March 17, 2009.
  67. ↑ Pike, John (2004-05-14). "The future of Russian-Turkish military-technical cooperation". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2006/06/mil-060626-rianovosti03.htm#. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
  68. ↑ Rottman 2010, p. 19.
  69. ↑ Grant, Neil (2015). Rhodesian Light Infantryman: 1961-1980. Warrior 177. Osprey Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 9781472809629. 
  70. ↑ Nortje, Piet (2003). 32 Battalion. Zebra Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-86872-914-2. 

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