Engineering:SS Ventnor

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Short description: Ship which sank off New Zealand in 1902
SS Ventnor.jpg
Ventnor leaving Westport, NZ in 1901
History
United Kingdom
Name: Ventnor
Namesake: Ventnor
Owner: Ventnor SS Co Ltd
Operator: Gow, Harrison & Co
Port of registry: Glasgow
Builder: Russell & Co, Port Glasgow
Launched: 23 January 1901
Identification:
  • UK official number 113936
  • code letters SFKN
  • ICS Sierra.svgICS Foxtrot.svgICS Kilo.svgICS November.svg
Fate: Wrecked 28 October 1902
General characteristics
Type: Cargo ship
Tonnage: 3,961 GRT, 2,581 NRT, 6,400 DWT
Length: 344.7 ft (105.1 m)
Beam: 49.8 ft (15.2 m)
Draught: 18 ft 0 in (5.49 m)
Depth: 25.7 ft (7.8 m)
Installed power: 346 NHP
Propulsion: triple-expansion engine
Speed: 10 knots (19 km/h)
Crew: 31

SS Ventnor was a British cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1901 and wrecked off New Zealand in 1902 with the loss of 13 of her crew. Her cargo included the bodies of 499 gold miners who had died in New Zealand and were being repatriated to China. The wreck led to an end of the practice of exhuming human remains en masse in New Zealand and returning them to China.

Building

Russell & Co built Ventnor in its Kingston shipyard at Port Glasgow for Gow, Harrison & Co of Glasgow. She was launched on 23 January 1901. Her registered length was 344.7 ft (105.1 m), her beam was 49.8 ft (15.2 m) and her depth was 25.7 ft (7.8 m). Her tonnages were 3,961 GRT, 2,581 NRT and 6,400 DWT.[1]

Rankin & Blackmore of Greenock built her three-cylinder triple-expansion engine, which was rated at 346 NHP[1] and gave Ventnor a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h).[2]

Gow, Harrison & Co created separate one-ship companies to own each of its ships. The Ventnor Steamship Company owned Ventnor, but Gow, Harrison managed her. Ventnor was registered in Glasgow. Her UK official number was 113936 and her code letters were SFKN.[3]

Final voyage

The charitable association Cheong Sing Tong chartered Ventnor to return the remains of 499 bodies exhumed from 40 cemeteries in New Zealand to their homes in southern China.[4][5] These men, mostly gold miners, were from the Poon Yu and Jung Seng districts of Guangdong Province.[4] Nine elderly Chinese were also onboard as "coffin attendants", caring for the bones during the transit back to China. The rest of her cargo was listed as "5,347 tons of coal for the Admiralty at Hong Kong, 144 sacks and 22 bales of fungus, one bale of tow and one bale of flax".[6][7]

Ventnor left Wellington for Hong Kong on 26 October 1902.[8][9][10] At about 12:30 am the next morning she became stuck on a reef off the south coast of Cape Egmont. She freed herself under her own power,[11] but water was leaking into her number one hold.[12] However, Wellington had no suitable dockyard to repair her, so her Master, HG Ferry,[2] decided to continue to Auckland instead of returning or heading for New Plymouth or Manukau Harbour.[13][14]

Lifeboats from Ventnor ashore after she sank

Water rose in the number one hold faster than her pumps could remove it, causing Ventnor to settle by the head. By evening on the next day she was unmanageable, her ballast tanks were full, and she was sinking.[12] All hands were ordered to abandon ship, and she sank about 9 nautical miles (16 km) off the coast, in 147 m (482 ft) of water, near Hokianga Heads on 27 October at 8:45 pm.[15][16][17] Two lifeboats, one commanded by the First Officer, reached Ōmāpere beach. A third lifeboat later reached land safely,[12] but another capsized drowning 13 people including Captain Ferry and five of the nine elderly Chinese.[5][17] None of the Chinese bodies was recovered at first.[10]

Aftermath

14 survivors and (right) a local resident with the first two lifeboats to reach the shore

The conclusion of a magisterial inquiry given on 19 November 1902 found that the sinking occurred due to either negligence or incompetence. It was found that drunkenness could not be proven and that while Captain Ferry made good decisions after striking the reef, the blame for the striking lay with him alone.[13]

Over the next few months after the sinking, the remains of the Chinese gold miners began to be washed ashore. The local Māori tribes (Te Roroa and Te Rarawa) buried their remains near their own burial grounds.[10] Cheong Shing Tong chartered the Energy to try to find the wreck and recover the bodies, but the wreck remained lost for over 100 years. Remains were repatriated to China for many years after the sinking on an individual basis, but the Ventnor was the last attempt at a mass shipment.[4]

Commemorations and monuments

In 2007 a connection was formalised between the descendants of the Chinese gold miners and the iwi Te Roroa and Te Rarawa.[10] A grove of 22 kauri trees were planted at the Waipoua Visitors Centre in the Waipoua Forest and a Chinese-inspired gate was constructed in the urupa at Mitimiti to memorialise the sinking.[6] The wreck was discovered in 2012 and is now a National Heritage Site.[14][18][19]

In 2010 Renee Liang wrote a play, The Bone Feeder, about the story of the Ventnor. In 2017 she turned the script into a libretto for an opera of the same name, with music composed by Gareth Farr to a libretto written by Renee Liang. It includes text in the English, Cantonese and Māori languages.[20]

In June 2020 a documentary crew caused controversy by filming the wreck.[21][22]

On 10 April 2021, a public monument was officially unveiled outside the Manea Footprints of Kupe Experience in Opononi. This monument lists the names of those onboard who drowned and also the 499 who were to be repatriated. It also gives thanks to Te Roroa, Te Rarawa and the people of Hokianga for the ongoing respect and care shown to the bones which washed up on the beaches 119 years earlier. In attendance were descendants of Choie Sew Hoy and Ng Jor Ching, currently the only two people with known living descendants out of all the Chinese that were onboard. The white lion used in the lion dance minutes earlier was burned as an offering to the heavens as part of Ching Ming festivities in what was claimed to be a New Zealand first.[23][24]

See also

  • Charles Sew Hoy

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Ventnor". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. http://clydeships.co.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=15908&vessel=VENTNOR. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Allen, Tony (28 October 2013). "SS Ventnor (+1902)". Wrecksite.eu. https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Ventnor&year=1902&submit=Enter. 
  3. ↑ Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen (1902). Mercantile Navy List. Board of Trade. p. 394. https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Ventnor&year=1902&submit=Enter. Retrieved 26 May 2021. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "SS Ventnor". New Zealand Chinese Association, Otago & Southland Branch. http://otago.nzchinese.org.nz/ss-ventnor/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "The Lost Voyage of 499" (in en-NZ). https://www.nzgeo.com/video/the-lost-voyage-of-499/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Ceremony Honours Remains of Chinese Goldminers – Community/General, News, Society" (in en-US). 14 May 2013. https://www.nzedge.com/news/ceremony-honours-remains-of-chinese-goldminers/. 
  7. ↑ "Naming our ancestors lost in the Hokianga" (in en-AU). 9 October 2020. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/page/naming-our-ancestors-lost-in-the-hokianga?fbclid=IwAR2-PlXSD5bUYpyYH4tHB5doXLt2oO7Np-1RVzsjhx9vDfTJR2FsnLAoKIw. 
  8. ↑ Dougan, Patrice (18 November 2014). "112-year-old SS Ventnor shipwreck mystery revealed" (in en-NZ). The New Zealand Herald. ISSN 1170-0777. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11361059. 
  9. ↑ "'Emotional moment' as shipwreck of SS Ventnor found" (in en-NZ). TVNZ. 19 November 2014. https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/-emotional-moment-as-shipwreck-of-ss-ventnor-found-6141171. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "Wandering with Ancestors". 2019. https://www.northlandnz.com/assets/Uploads/NJ-Wandering-With-Ancestors.pdf. 
  11. ↑ "Wreck of the S.S. Ventnor". The Colonist. 17 November 1902. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TC19021117.2.23.5. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Wreck of the Ventnor.". The Star. 29 October 1902. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TS19021029.2.44. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "The wreck of the S.S. Ventnor". The West Australian: p. 5. 21 November 1902. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24848423. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "112 year old shipwreck of SS Ventnor Finally Found". Latest News Blog. Hands on History. 11 September 2015. http://www.handsonhistory.co.nz/latest-news-blog/archive/2014-11/112-year-old-shipwreck-of-ss-ventnor-finally-found.302/. 
  15. ↑ "100-Year Old Tragedy of 499 Lost Miners Premieres on Māori Television" (in en). https://www.maoritelevision.com/about/media/100-year-old-tragedy-499-lost-miners-premieres-maori-television. 
  16. ↑ "The "Ventnor Project"". Hokianga History and Memorabilia. http://www.ourhokianga.com/ventnorproject.htm. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Shipwreck of SS Ventnor and its dead finally found". https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/63339250/null. 
  18. ↑ Fraser, Sophie. "SS Ventnor – New Zealand's deepest dived shipwreck | Dive Magazine" (in en-NZ). https://divenewzealand.co.nz/ss-ventnor-new-zealands-deepest-dived-shipwreck/. 
  19. ↑ "SS Ventnor wreck found after 112 years" (in en). Newshub. 18 November 2014. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/syspages/--headline--.html. 
  20. ↑ "Good to be here, Dargaville! Playwrights Jamie McCaskill, Renee Liang and Jess Sayer on Process". 8 March 2017. https://www.pantograph-punch.com/posts/interview-mccaskill-liang-sayer. 
  21. ↑ "New opera's rich tapestry" (in en-nz). 24 January 2017. https://www.radionz.co.nz/concert/programmes/upbeat/audio/201830491/new-opera%27s-rich-tapestry. 
  22. ↑ "Inspired By Ancestral Loss – Arts, News, Theatre" (in en-US). 18 November 2011. https://www.nzedge.com/news/inspired-by-ancestral-loss/. 
  23. ↑ "Kindness shown in ship's sinking unites Chinese and Māori cultures in Northland" (in en). 10 April 2021. https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/124777813/kindness-shown-in-ships-sinking-unites-chinese-and-mori-cultures-in-northland. 
  24. ↑ "Northland memorial cements ties between Chinese, Māori almost 120 years after Ventnor tragedy" (in en-NZ). The New Zealand Herald. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/northern-advocate/news/northland-memorial-cements-ties-between-chinese-maori-almost-120-years-after-ventnor-tragedy/I3VFYBFQAZF5K557RM27DDEFDQ/. 

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