Engineering:Spotswood sewer tunnel
The Spotswood sewer tunnel is a sanitary sewer tunnel in Melbourne, Victoria. It was constructed in 1895 to take sewerage under the Yarra River to the Spotswood Pumping Station, where it was pumped to the Werribee Sewage Farm.[1] The Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) was created in 1892 and appointed eminent British engineer James Mansergh to advise on a suitable system. However, local engineer William Thwaites was responsible for the design and construction. The system included sewer mains from the Melbourne CBD and southeastern suburbs extending across Fishermans Bend to a point opposite the pumping station. A tunneling shield was imported from Britain, to the design of British engineer James Henry Greathead. This was a 3.4 metres diameter cylindrical shield made of cast iron and steel plate. It was driven into the soft clays by hydraulic rams and maintained at two to three times atmospheric pressure to inhibit groundwater inflow with an airlock to allow miners to enter and exit. Cast-iron ring segments were bolted behind the shield as it advanced and then the tunnel was lined with 30 centimeters of concrete.[1]
On the night 12 April 1895 (Good Friday), the shield failed and the river flooded into the tunnel drowning a young engineer and five workers. Three other men were waiting to enter through the air lock, and saw the incident through a small thick glass window, but were unable to do anything. Thousands of tons of clay were dumped in the riverbed to seal the hole and the tunnel pumped out. the bodies were recovered and work resumed under a new contractor. The river tunnel was finally completed 12 months later.[2]
A memorial for the six who died is located at the West Gate Bridge Memorial Park off Hyde Street.[3][4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Werribee Sewage Farm Victorian Heritage Database, Heritage Victoria
- ↑ 'Tunnelling Triumph' Spotswood Pumping Station, Museum Victoria
- ↑ "Spotswood Sewer Disaster". West Gate Bridge Memorial Committee [sic]. Archived from the original on 19 August 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060819133335/http://www.westgatebridge.org/spsewer.htm. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ↑ "The Sewer Accident" (scan). The Argus (Melbourne), Australia (No. 15,232): p. 6. 25 April 1985. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article9355387. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
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