Engineering:Swirl burner

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A swirl burner, or vortex burner, is a type of burner that swirls the air, fuel, or both inside to increase mixing between the two.[1] This process enables flame stabilization and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These burners are used in industrial settings.

Types

There are three main types of swirl burners: axial vane, tangential, and volute.[2] The vane-type swirl burner utilizes vanes to stabilize the flame.[3] Tangential swirl burners use tangential inflows.[4] Inflows must be placed upstream to have uniform tangential velocity.[4] The swirl will also decay progressing along the burner and may not be strong enough when it exits.[4] Volute burners are rarer and have a central spinning apparatus.[2]

Mechanics

This process creates a space for flame stabilization.[1] As air moves through the system, it rotates as a result of the shape of the apparatus.[5] A central recirculation zone is created from the spin.[6] A quarl is found downstream of the guide vanes.[1] Swirl burners increase combustion efficiency through the promotion of ignition of unburnt fuel.[6] A more homogeneous mixture of air and fuel improves combustion efficiency.[7] The swirl number, represented by Sn, is the axial flux of angular momentum to that of axial momentum.[8] Higher swirls can lead to negative axial velocity in the center of expansion.[6]

Application

Swirl burners are used in industrial settings including uses as heating, power generators, and incinerators.[7]

Low-swirl combustion can be utilized in industrial burners and gas-fired power plants to meet low-emission standards. Able to produce 150 kW to 7.5 MW of energy, emissions from swirl burners are around four to seven parts per million of NO
x and carbon monoxide.[9] Decreasing NOx emissions can lead to an increase in carbon monoxide emissions.[7]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Escudier, Marcel; Atkins, Tony (2019) (in en). A Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198832102.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-187086-6. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-dictionary-of-mechanical-engineering-9780198832102?lang=3n&cc=ng. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Basu, Prabir; Kefa, Cen; Jestin, Louis (2000), Basu, Prabir; Kefa, Cen; Jestin, Louis, eds., "Swirl Burners" (in en), Boilers and Burners: Design and Theory (New York, NY: Springer): pp. 212–241, doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1250-8_8, ISBN 978-1-4612-1250-8, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-1250-8_8, retrieved 2026-03-06 
  3. ↑ Dhyani, Devansh; Phade, Swayan (2024). "A comprehensive study on the design and computational analysis of an air swirl burner". MATEC Web of Conferences 393. doi:10.1051/matecconf/2024393. https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2024/05/matecconf_staaar2023_03006.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hübner, A. W.; Tummers, M. J.; Hanjalić, K.; van der Meer, Th. H. (2003-04-01). "Experiments on a rotating-pipe swirl burner". Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. Second Mediterranean Combustion Symposium 27 (4): 481–489. doi:10.1016/S0894-1777(02)00251-0. ISSN 0894-1777. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0894177702002510. 
  5. ↑ Eck, Mattias E.G.; zur Nedden, Philipp; von Saldern, Jakob G.R.; Peisdersky, Christoph; Orchini, Alessandro; Paschereit, Christian Oliver (2024-11-05). "Experimental Design Validation of a Swirl-Stabilized Burner With Fluidically Variable Swirl Number". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) 147 (4). April 2025. doi:10.1115/1.4066731. https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/gasturbinespower/article/147/4/041017/1206952/Experimental-Design-Validation-of-a-Swirl. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Alhamd, Abdulrahman E. J.; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Abdul Wahhab, Hasanain A. (2025-12-29). Xing, Chang; Liu, Li. eds. "Swirl Flame Stability for Hydrogen-Enhanced LPG Combustion in a Low-Swirl Burner: Experimental Investigation". Applied Sciences 16 (1). doi:10.3390/app16010347. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/1/347. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Emara, Ahmed; Abd-Elgawad, Ahmed Mahfouz M. M.; Emara, Karim (2024-09-30). "Innovative eco-friendly design solutions for energy demands using swirl- induced burner by jets". Energy 304. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.131900. ISSN 0360-5442. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224016736. 
  8. ↑ Zavaleta-Luna, Daniel Alejandro; Vigueras-Zúñiga, Marco Osvaldo; Herrera-May, Agustín L.; Zamora-Castro, Sergio Aurelio; Tejeda-del-Cueto, María Elena (2020-05-03). "Optimized Design of a Swirler for a Combustion Chamber of Non-Premixed Flame Using Genetic Algorithms" (in en). Energies 13 (9): 2240. doi:10.3390/en13092240. ISSN 1996-1073. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2240. Retrieved 2026-03-06. 
  9. ↑ Cheng, Robert K.. "3.2.1.4.2 Low Swirl Combustion". https://www.netl.doe.gov/sites/default/files/gas-turbine-handbook/3-2-1-4-2.pdf. 



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