Engineering:Temco TT Pinto

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Short description: 1956 primary jet trainer aircraft family
TT Pinto
Temco TT-1 in testing
General information
ManufacturerTemco Aircraft
Management and usageUnited States Navy
Number built15
History
Introduction date1959
First flight26 March 1956
Retired1960


Design and development

TT-1s being assembled in Dallas (1957)


The Pinto was a mid-wing, tricycle landing gear trainer with an enclosed cockpit powered by a single Continental Motors J69-T-9 (license-built Turbomeca Marboré) jet engine (920 pounds thrust[1]). The aircraft carried no armament.

The TT-1s were equipped with many of the same features found in operational jets, including ejection seats, liquid oxygen equipment, speed brakes, along with typical flight controls and instrument panels.[1] Although the flight characteristics were considered good, the "wave off" capability was rated marginal due to being slightly underpowered.[citation needed]

After its first flight in 1956, the prototype was sent to the Naval Air Test Center (NATC) Patuxent River to be evaluated alongside the Beech Model 73 Jet Mentor. Fourteen of the aircraft, designated TT-1, were produced between 1955 and 1957. The plane was used in an initial experiment to try using a jet aircraft as the Navy's introductory primary trainer. Its endurance, though, was only about one hour -- insufficient for the training mission. The TT-1's performance was deemed inadequate, and after about a year, the program was canceled.[2]

AJI T-610 Super Pinto

In 1968, American Jet Industries (AJI) (later to become Gulfstream Aerospace) re-engined a TT-1 Pinto. The J69 was replaced with a 2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) General Electric CJ610 (the civil version of the J85). The modified aircraft, called the T-610 Super Pinto, flew on 28 June 1968.[3] The new engine significantly increased performance, with maximum speed reaching 450 kn (518 mph; 833 km/h), and AJI marketed the aircraft as a light attack aircraft.[3][4]

The prototype Super Pinto, together with drawings and production rights, was purchased by the Philippine Air Force, which planned to build the aircraft as the T-610 Cali.[5] An incomplete second prototype was shipped to the Philippines, where it was completed and flown. The collapse of the Marcos administration resulted in the shelving of the project.

In 1988, a joint venture was announced for a new version of the Super Pinto, called T-100 Super Mustang, to be built by a collaboration between the American Avstar, Inc. and the Chinese Shenyang Aircraft Corporation.[6] A prototype powered by a General Electric J85 turbojet was reportedly flight-tested in the United States; however, nothing further came of this project.

Operational history

A U.S. Navy TT-1 in flight (1958)


By the end of 1960, the TT-1s were phased out of operations in the Naval Air Training Command because performance was deemed insufficient,[7] and sold as surplus.

Variants

TT-1 Pinto
Two-seat primary jet trainer aircraft.
American Jet Industries T-610 Super Pinto
Re-engined with 2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) General Electric CJ610-6 turbojet.[3]
McDonnell Model 182
Proposed modification of a TT-1 for use as a testbed for McDonnell Aircraft Corporation's "spin jet" propulsion system. Proposed in 1961.[8]
McDonnell Model 183
Proposed modification of a TT-1 for use as a testbed for a VTOL installation of the "spin jet" propulsion system. Proposed alongside the Model 182 in 1961, the Model 183 would have used a redesigned wing.[8]


Operators

 United States
  • United States Navy

Surviving aircraft

T-610 prototype, Philippine Air Force Museum

In December 2016, five of the TT-1 Pinto series still appeared on the U.S. civil register[9] (one with an expired certificate[10]), down from seven, four of them Super Pintos, in 2011.[citation needed]

As of late 2015, one T-610 prototype was still preserved at the Philippine Air Force Museum.[11]

Specifications (TT-1)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1956–57[12]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 30 ft 7 in (9.32 m)
  • Wingspan: 29 ft 10 in (9.09 m)
  • Height: 10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
  • Wing area: 150 sq ft (14 m2)
  • Gross weight: 4,440 lb (2,014 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 119 US gal (99 imp gal; 450 l) normal; 165 US gal (137 imp gal; 620 l) max
  • Powerplant: 1 × Continental YJ69-T-9 centrifugal flow compressor turbojet engine, 920 lbf (4.1 kN) thrust

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 345 mph (555 km/h, 300 kn) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m); 328 mph (285 kn; 528 km/h) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 247 mph (398 km/h, 215 kn) at 25,000 ft (7,600 m)
  • Stall speed: 76 mph (122 km/h, 66 kn) at take-off weight: 69 mph (60 kn; 111 km/h) at landing weight
  • Never exceed speed: 518 mph (834 km/h, 450 kn)
  • Endurance: 1.5 hours
  • Service ceiling: 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,900 ft/min (9.7 m/s)

See also

Related development

  • AJI T-610 Super Pinto

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "TEMCO: home of Teal and Pinto" in Naval Aviation News, NavAer #00-75R-3, U.S. Navy, pp.8-9, retrieved April 20, 2026
  2. ↑ "TT-1 Pinto", Naval Aviation Museum, Naval History & Heritage Command.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Taylor 1971, p. 223.
  4. ↑ Field Flight International 16 October 1976, p. 1185.
  5. ↑ Flight International 1 March 1980, p. 680.
  6. ↑ Asian Defence Journal Issues 7-12, 1988; Page 110
  7. ↑ "TT-1 Pinto | National Naval Aviation Museum". http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=tt-1_pinto. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 McDonnell Model Numbers. McDonnell Douglas. July 1, 1974. pp. 157. http://aviationarchives.net/McDonnell%20Project%20Numbers%20Lists.pdf. 
  9. ↑ FAA Registry for Temco TT-1 Pinto , retrieved 07 Dec 2016.
  10. ↑ FAA Registry for N4486L , retrieved 07 Dec 2016.
  11. ↑ 44233 at Manila - Ninoy Aquino International by Paul Chandler1 on netAirspace.com , retrieved 07 Dec 2016.
  12. ↑ Bridgman, Leonard, ed (1956). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1956–57. London: Jane's all the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd.. p. 342. 

Bibliography

  • Dillon, Mike. "Will lovely loser become super winner?" Air Progress, Vol. 24, no. 3, March 1969.
  • Field, Hugh (16 October 1976). "Launch Pad for Hustler". Flight International: 1184–1185. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%202360.html. 
  • Frankel, Mark. Temco TT-1 Pinto (Naval Fighters Nº72). Simi Valley, California: Ginter Books, 2007. ISBN 0-942612-72-8.
  • "Military Aircraft of the World". Flight International: 641–694. 1 March 1980. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1980/1980%20-%200673.html. Retrieved 23 December 2013. 
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971–72. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd, 1971. ISBN 0-354-00094-2.
  • Taylor, Michael J.H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation (Vol. 5). Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Educational Corporation, 1980. ISBN 0-7106-0710-5.

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