Engineering:Type 80 machine gun

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Type 80 general-purpose machine gun
Damascus Checkpoint.jpeg
Syrian soldier with Type 80.
TypeGeneral-purpose machine gun
Place of originChina
Service history
In service1983–present
Used bySee Users
WarsLebanese Civil War
Second Sudanese Civil War[1]
War in Darfur
Sri Lankan Civil War
South Sudanese ethnic violence
Sudanese conflict
Syrian Civil War
Boko Haram insurgency
Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)[2]
Production history
DesignerMikhail Kalashnikov[3]
Designed1980
Manufacturer
  • Norinco
  • Changfeng Machinery (For CS/LM4 variant)
  • Military Industry Corporation
Produced1983–present[4]
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass12.6 kg (27.78 lb)
Length1,192 mm (46.9 in)
Barrel length658 mm (25.9 in)
Cartridge
ActionGas-operated, open bolt
Rate of fire700–800 round/min
Muzzle velocity840 m/s (2,776 ft/s)
Effective firing range1,640 yd (100—1,500 m sight adjustments)
Feed systemBelts in 100/200/250 round boxes
SightsOpen sights. Optical/Night vision scope can be outfitted.

The Type 80 (Chinese: 80式通用机枪) is a general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) manufactured by Norinco in China, based on the Soviet PKM. The machine gun was certified for design finalisation in 1980 and entered the PLA service in the mid-1980s, specifically in 1983.[4] The Type 80 was intended as a successor to the Chinese independently developed Type 67, doing well in tests conducted in the Chengdu Military Region before it was dropped and instead, opted to keep the Type 67 GPMG in use.[4]

Only a few Type 80s were used in the People's Liberation Army Marine Corps and airborne units, and a modified Type 80, named as Type 86, was then accepted by PLA armor units.[5]

History

The development of the GPMG started when Chinese firearms engineers studied PKMs that were captured from Vietnamese forces during the Sino-Vietnamese War.[5]

Changfeng Machinery was subcontracted to create the CS/LM4 in order to have it chambered to 7.62 NATO caliber.[6] The CS/LM4 has been marketed to countries that have used Soviet/East European/Chinese-made small arms, but have oriented to use NATO-based ammo.[6]

Design

The Type 80 uses the 7.62×54mmR round. It is a gas-operated, air-cooled, belt-fed, fully automatic firearm. It can fire on both the tripod and the foldable bipod on the gas tube below the barrel.[7]

Belts are used from 100-round boxes in the light machine gun configurations, and from 200- or 250-round boxes in tripod-mounted applications. The machine gun uses an open iron sight, but can also be fitted with an optical or night-vision sight.[7]

Variants

  • Type 80 - The copy of the PKM GPMG, chambered in 7.62×54mmR. The modernized version is copy of PKP "Pecheneg"[6]
  • Type 86 - A machine gun only used for tanks as a secondary weapon.[5]
  • CF06 - An export-only version of the Type 80, which is chambered for 7.62 NATO ammunition.[8][9] A study on creating the CF06 started with an evaluation from July to December 2006 with a prototype review in February 2007.[6] Production started from April to May 2007 before the CF06 was officially formalized in January 2008.[6] It's equipped with polymer furniture instead of the wooden furniture used in the original Type 80.[10] The barrel life consist of 25,000 rounds, with 12,500 rounds for each one of two barrels supplied.[11] It's also known as the CS/LM4 GPMG (Chinese: CS/LM 4型通用机枪) in 2008.[5]

Foreign variants

  • Mokhtar - A variant of the Type 80 made by Military Industry Corporation[12] in 7.62x54R caliber.[13]

Users

  •  China: Currently in service in small numbers with Chinese special forces.[4][7]
  •  Croatia: In service with Croatian police units during the country's war of independence.[14]
  •  India: Captured from various insurgents in the Kashmir valley and used by Indian troops.[15]
  •  Malta: Armed Forces of Malta[16]
  •  Niger[17]
  •  South Sudan[1]
  • South Sudan Democratic Movement: Mokhtar[18]
  • South Sudan Defence Forces: Type 80[19]
  •  Sudan: Manufactured locally as Mokhtar.[20] Also Chinese-made Type 80s.[19]
  •  Sri Lanka: In service with the Sri Lanka Army. Around 200 Type 80 GPMGs were supplied by Norinco as part of several defense agreements between China and Sri Lanka.[21]
  •  Turkey: Purchased 2800 Type 80s for Border guards and Infantry Commando Brigades.[22]

Non-State Actors

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Sudan - Global trade, local impact: Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan". Human Rights Watch Report 10 (4): 25. August 1998. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/sudan0898%20Report.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://twitter.com/war_noir/status/1747716616996171977. 
  3. ↑ This is due to the Type 80's basis from the PK general-purpose machine gun.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in zh). Sina. http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/p/2007-09-03/0843462409.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "深度：俄抱怨中国山寨太强 这么好的机枪都抄袭到手" (in zh). 10 May 2016. https://mil.sina.cn/sd/2016-05-10/detail-ifxryhhh1856077.d.html?oid=3802150910430086&vt=4&cid=65898. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Firearmsworld.net" (in zh). http://www.firearmsworld.net/china/mg/type80/type80.htm. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Type 80 7.62mm General Purpose Machine Gun". 2007-08-13. http://sinodefence.com/army/crewserved/type80gpmg.asp. 
  8. ↑ "中国研制成功新型CF06式7.62毫米通用机枪(图)" (in zh). Sina. 2007-10-16. http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/p/2007-10-16/0820467739.html. 
  9. ↑ "图文：国产CF06式7.62毫米通用机枪结构示意图" (in zh). Sina. 2007-10-16. http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/p/2007-10-16/0820467740.html. 
  10. ↑ "中国CF06式7.62毫米通用机枪". 18 June 2017. http://www.zgjunshi.com/Article/Class38/Class88/Class120/200903/20090302110159_2.html. 
  11. ↑ "中国CF06式7.62毫米通用机枪" (in zh). 25 July 2017. http://www.zgjunshi.com/Article/Class38/Class88/Class120/200903/20090302110159.html. 
  12. ↑ Small Arms Survey 2014, p. 241.
  13. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/sudan/HSBA-IDEX-2015.pdf. 
  14. ↑ "Vojničke puške - mup.hr". 16 March 2014. https://www.mup.hr/main.aspx?id=148928. 
  15. ↑ Admin -. "Type 56 Assault Rifle: A Curious Case of Indian Army using Chinese Weapon" (in en-US). https://newsbuzzindia.com/india/type-56-assault-rifle-a-curious-case-of-indian-army-using-chinese-weapon/. 
  16. ↑ Agius, Matthew (14 July 2018). "Personnel reveal shortcomings inside Maltese armed forces". Malta Today. https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/88089/personnel_reveal_shortcomings_inside_maltese_armed_forces. 
  17. ↑ de Tessières 2018 (Small Arms Survey), p. 58.
  18. ↑ Small Arms Survey 2014, p. 233.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Small Arms Survey 2014, p. 226.
  20. ↑ Small Arms Survey (2014). "Weapons tracing in Sudan and South Sudan". Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and guns. Cambridge University Press. pp. 241. http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2014/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2014-Chapter-7-EN.pdf. 
  21. ↑ "Chinese arms, radar for Sri Lanka military". 2007-06-05. http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2007/6/15568.html. 
  22. ↑ Kula, Mehmet Ali (13 September 2022). "Türkiye, Çin'den 3 binden fazla makineli tüfek aldı!" (in tr). https://www.defenceturk.net/turkiye-cinden-3-binden-fazla-makineli-tufek-aldi. 
  23. ↑ Savannah de Tessières (January 2018) (in en). At the Crossroads of Sahelian Conflicts: Insecurity, Terrorism, and Arms Trafficking in Niger (Report). Small Arms Survey. p. 55. ISBN 978-2-940548-48-4. http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/U-Reports/SAS-SANA-Report-Niger.pdf. 
  24. ↑ Conflict Armament Research (September 2014). Islamic State Weapons in Iraq and Syria: Analysis of weapons and ammunition captured from Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria. pp. 6, 9. http://conflictarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Dispatch_IS_Iraq_Syria_Weapons.pdf. 
  25. ↑ Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (23 March 2021). "Tracking Arms Transfers By The UAE, Russia, Jordan And Egypt To The Libyan National Army Since 2014". https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/06/types-of-arms-and-equipment-supplied-to.html. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 "Reaching for the gun: Arms flows and holdings in South Sudan". Sudan Issue Brief (Small Arms Survey) (19 April 2011): 6–9. 7 January 2024. http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/issue-briefs/HSBA-IB-19-Arms-flows-and-holdings-South-Sudan.pdf. 
  27. ↑ News, A. B. C.. "Hamas fights with a patchwork of weapons built by Iran, China, Russia and North Korea" (in en). https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/hamas-fights-patchwork-weapons-built-iran-china-russia-106381152. 



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