Engineering:Victor-class submarine

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Short description: Soviet nuclear-powered attack submarine
File:300px
A Victor I-class submarine underway
Class overview
Name: Victor class
Builders: Sudomekh Shipyard
Operators:
Preceded by: Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
Succeeded by: Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist., Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
In commission: 1967–present
Completed: 48[1]
Active: 2
Retired: 46
General characteristics
Type: Nuclear attack submarine
Displacement:
  • 4,950 tons light surfaced
  • 6,990 tons normal surfaced
  • 7,250 tons submerged for Victor III
Length:
  • 92.5 m (303 ft) for Victor I
  • 101.8 m (334 ft) for Victor II
  • 107.1 m (351 ft) for Victor III
Beam: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
Draft: 7 m (23 ft 0 in)
Propulsion:

One VM-4P pressurized-water twin nuclear reactor (2x75 MW), 2 sets OK-300 steam turbines; 1 7-bladed or 2 4-bladed props; 31,000 shp (23,000 kW) at 290 shaft rpm – 2 low-speed electric cruise motors; 2 small props on stern planes; 1,020 shp (760 kW) at 500 rpm

Electric: 4,460 kw tot. (2 × 2,000-kw, 380-V, 50-Hz a.c. OK-2 turbogenerators, 1 × 460-kw diesel emergency set)
Speed: 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
Endurance: 80 days
Complement: About 100 (27 officers, 34 warrant officers, 35 enlisted)
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Radar: 1 MRK-50 Albatros-series (Snoop Tray-2) navigation/search
  • Sonar: MGK-503 Skat-KS (Shark Gill) suite: LF active/passive; passive flank array; Barrakuda towed passive linear
  • array (Victor III only); MT-70 active ice avoidance
  • EW: MRP-10 Zaliv-P/Buleva (Brick Pulp) intercept; Park Lamp direction-finder
Armament:
  • Active vessels have 2 bow torpedo tubes, 650 mm (26 in) (6 weapons – Type 88R /SS-N-16 Stallion ASW missiles, Type 65-76 torpedoes)
  • 4 bow torpedo tubes, 533 mm (21 in) (18 weapons – Type 83RN/Type 53-65K/USET-80 torpedoes, Type 84RN /SS-N-15 Starfish ASW missiles, VA-111 Shkval rocket torpedoes, MG-74 Korund and Siren decoys, or up to 36 naval mines)

The Victor class, Soviet designations Project 671 Yorsh, Project 671RT Syomga and Project 671RTM/RTMK Shchuka, (NATO reporting names Victor I, Victor II and Victor III, respectively), are series of nuclear-powered attack submarines built in the Soviet Union and operated by the Soviet Navy. Since the 1960s, 48 units were built in total, of which the last remaining are currently in service with the Russian Navy. The Victor-class submarines featured a teardrop shape, allowing them to travel at high speed. These vessels were primarily designed to protect Soviet surface fleets and to attack American ballistic missile submarines. Project 671 began in 1959 with the design task assigned to SKB-143 (one of the predecessors of the Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau).

Versions

Project 671 Yorsh (Victor I)

Template:Floatbox Soviet designation Project 671 Yorsh (ruffe)—was the initial type that entered service in 1967; 16 were produced.[2] Each had six torpedo tubes for launching Type 53 torpedoes and SS-N-15 anti-submarine missiles and mines could also be released. Subs had a capacity of 24 tube-launched weapons or 48 mines (or a combination). They were 92.5 m (303 ft) long. All disposed.[3]

Project 671RT Syomga (Victor II)

Template:Floatbox Soviet designation Project 671RT Syomga (atlantic salmon)—entered service in 1972; seven were produced in the 1970s.[2] These were originally designated Uniform class by NATO. They had similar armament to the Victor I class and were the first Soviet submarines to introduce raft mounting for acoustic quieting.[4] Production was truncated due to a decision to develop the improved Victor III class.[4] They were 101.8 m (334 ft) long. All disposed.[5]

Project 671RTM/RTMK Shchuka (Victor III)

Template:Floatbox Soviet designation Project 671RTM/RTMK Shchuka (pike)—entered service in 1979; 25 were produced until 1991.[2] Quieter than previous Soviet submarines, these ships had four tubes for launching SS-N-21 or SS-N-15 missiles and Type 53 torpedoes, plus another two tubes for launching SS-N-16 missiles and Type 65 torpedoes. 24 tube-launched weapons or 36 mines could be on board. The Victor III class caused a minor furor in NATO intelligence agencies at its introduction because of the distinctive pod on the vertical stern-plane. Speculation immediately mounted that the pod was the housing for some sort of exotic silent propulsion system, possibly a magnetohydrodynamic drive unit. Another theory proposed that it was some sort of weapon system. In the end, the pod was identified as a hydrodynamic housing for a reelable towed passive sonar array;[6] the system was subsequently incorporated into the Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. and Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. SSNs. In October 1983 the towed array of missing name, a Victor III operating west of Bermuda, became tangled with the towed array of US frigate missing name. K-324 was forced to surface, allowing NATO forces to photograph the pod in its deployed state. The Victor-III class was continuously improved during construction and late production models have a superior acoustic performance.[7] They were 106 m (348 ft) long. 21 disposed.[8]

Units

Last active units
# Name Project Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status Notes
B-138 Obninsk 671RTMK 7 December 1988 5 August 1989 30 December 1990 Northern Fleet Refit? Overhauls completed in 2014, 2016[9]
B-448 Tambov 671RTMK 31 January 1991 17 October 1991 24 September 1992 Northern Fleet Active[10] Completed prolonged refit in 2022/23[11][12]
A Victor III-class submarine on the surface

Incidents

  • On 3 November 1974, the nuclear ballistic missile submarine USS James Madison (SSBN-627) collided with a Soviet submarine, assumed to be a Victor-class submarine, during a dive just after departing from Holy Loch. The American submarine was dented and suffered a nine-foot scratch on her hull. She spent a full week at the base for inspection and repairs.[13][14]
  • In 1981 missing name collided with a Victor III-class submarine—K-324—while attempting to photograph the odd pod on the back. The event was covered up by the Reagan Administration and never made public, though it nearly cost the lives of the sailors on USS Drum. The collision occurred in Peter the Great Bay, not far from Vladivostok.[15] The incident was declassified and disclosed by the Clinton Administration in February 1993.
  • On 21 March 1984, K-314 collided with the aircraft carrier missing name in the Sea of Japan. Neither ship was significantly damaged. [16]
  • On 6 September 2006, the Victor III-class Daniil Moskovskiy suffered an electronics fire while in the Barents Sea, killing two crew members. The boat was 16 years old and was overdue for overhaul. It was towed back to Vidyayevo.[17][18] She continued to serve into the latter 2010s and was reportedly formally decommissioned on 28 October 2022.[19]

In media

See also

References

  1. ↑ Includes all three Victor classes.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Polmar, Norman; Noot, Jurrien (1991). Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies 1718-1990. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-570-4. 
  3. ↑ "Проект 671 "Ёрш" (NATO – "Victor I")" (in ru). http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nts/671/list.htm. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Polmar, Norman (2003). Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines, 1945-2001. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc.. p. 159. ISBN 978-1-57488-594-1. 
  5. ↑ "Проект 671РТ "Сёмга" (NATO – "Victor II")" (in ru). http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nts/671RT/list.htm. 
  6. ↑ Genys, Andrius. "Victor III class". http://www.military-today.com/navy/victor_iii_class.htm. 
  7. ↑ "Run Silent, Run Deep". https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/deep.htm. 
  8. ↑ "Проект 671РТМ и 671РТМК "Щука" (NATO – "Victor-III")" (in ru). http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nts/671RTM/list.htm. 
  9. ↑ "К-138, Б-138, "Обнинск" проект 671РТМК" (in ru). http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nts/671RTM/K-138/K-138.htm. 
  10. ↑ "К-448, Б-448, "Тамбов" проект 671РТМК" (in ru). http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nts/671RTM/K-448/K-448.htm. 
  11. ↑ Staalesen, Atle (3 January 2023). "Nuclear sub returns to Russian Arctic base after 7 years upgrade". https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/nuclear-sub-returns-to-russian-arctic-base-after-7-years-upgrade/162767. 
  12. ↑ "ЦАМТО / / Российские подводники получат в 2023 году три атомные подводные лодки и две ДЭПЛ". https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0320/091572247/detail.shtml. 
  13. ↑ "Declassified: US Nuclear Weapons At Sea - Federation Of American Scientists" (in en-US). https://fas.org/blogs/security/2016/02/nuclear-weapons-at-sea/. 
  14. ↑ Sontag, Sherry; Drew, Christopher (2016). Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage. PublicAffairs. p. 313. ISBN 978-1610393584. 
  15. ↑ Reed, W. Craig (2020) (in English). Spies of the Deep. US: Permuted Press. pp. Chapter 4. ISBN 978-1682618011. 
  16. ↑ "SOVIET SUB AND U.S. SHIP COLLIDE". The New York Times. 22 March 1984. https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/22/world/soviet-sub-and-us-ship-collide.html. 
  17. ↑ "Fire aboard Russian nuclear submarine kills 2 crew members". The China Post. 7 September 2006. http://www.chinapost.com.tw/i_latestdetail.asp?id=40867. 
  18. ↑ "Northern Fleet accidents and incidents". http://www.bellona.org/subjects/1140451820.2. 
  19. ↑ Deep Storm

Template:Victor class submarine Template:Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945 Template:Current SSN



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