Engineering:Willys M38
| Willys MC / M38 | |
|---|---|
 A restored Willys M38 | |
| Type | Quarter-ton [lower-alpha 1] 4x4 utility truck |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| Wars | Korean War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Lebanese Civil War other conflicts |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Willys-Overland |
| Produced | 1949–1952[1] |
| No. built | more than 45,473 produced[1] |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 2,625 lb (1,191 kg) Empty |
| Length | 133 in (3.38 m) |
| Width | 62 in (1.57 m) |
| Height | 69 3⁄4 in (1.77 m) |
| Engine | Willys MC[2] 60 hp (45 kW) |
| Transmission | 3 spd. x 2 range trf. case |
| Suspension | Beam axles on leaf springs |
| Fuel capacity | 13 US gal (49 L) |
Operational range | 220 mi (354.1 km) |
| Speed | 60 mph (97 km/h) |
The Willys MC, formally the 1⁄4-Ton, 4 x 4, Utility Truck M38, or the G‑740 by its U.S. Army Standard Nomenclature supply catalog designation, is a quarter-ton four-wheel drive military light utility vehicle made by Willys between 1949 and 1952. It replaced (in production), and succeeded the World War II Willys MB and Ford GPW models, with a total production of some 50,000 units — less than one tenth the number of WWII models built.[1] Unlike during WWII, Ford was no longer involved in the production.
The M38 was a military version of the then-current civilian Jeep CJ-3A.[1] It differed from the CJ-3A in numerous ways, including a reinforced frame and suspension,[3] waterproof 24-volt electrical system,[1] sealed vent system for the engine, transmission, transfer case, fuel system[1] and brake system.[citation needed]
Some M38 jeeps served in the Korean theatre of operations, but the majority of units used there were remanufactured World War II jeeps. Approximately 2,300 M38 Jeeps were manufactured by Ford of Canada for Canadian Armed Forces in 1952, designated as the M38-CDN jeep. The M38 Willys MC was succeeded by the M38A1 Willys MD in 1952.
The M38 windshield could be folded flat for firing and the body was equipped with a pintle hook for towing and lifting shackles front and rear. The headlights were no longer recessed as on previous models, but protruded with a guard wire in front. The "pioneer" tools (axe and shovel) which were carried on the MB's driver side were transferred to the passenger side of this vehicle.[4]
Specifications
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- Wheelbase: 80 in (2.03 m)
- Length overall: 132 15⁄16 in (3.38 m) [5]
- Width, minimum: 62 in (1.57 m)
- Height overall: maximum 74 in (1.88 m) with top up; reducible to 55 in (1.40 m) [6]
- Ground clearance: 9 1⁄4 in (0.23 m) at the rear axle
- Empty weight: 2,625 pounds (1,191 kg)
- Gross vehicle weight: 3,825 pounds (1,735 kg) on road [7]
- Payload: 1,200 pounds (544 kg) on road / 800 pounds (363 kg) off-road. [6]
Engine
- Displacement: 134.2 cubic inches (2,199 cc)[2]
- Bore/Stroke: 3 1⁄8 in × 4 3⁄8 in (79 mm × 111 mm)[2]
- Compression Ratio: 6.48:1
- Power: 60 hp (45 kW) at 4000 rpm[2]
- Torque: 105 lb⋅ft (142 N⋅m) at 2000 rpm[2]
- Carburetor: Carter YS 637S, 1 1⁄4 in (32 mm) downdraft[8]
Powertrain
The entire engine air intake and the axle system was fully vented to allow for operation while submerged under water. Its full-floating front axle (Dana 25) was supported by the wheel hub, rather than the axle itself, and provided greater load capacity. The rear axle (Dana 44) was semi-floating. Its drivetrain was the L-head 134.2 cu in (2.2 L) with a T-90 transmission and the Dana 18 transfer case.
A few M38 Jeeps were fitted with a transmission power take-off (PTO) driven winch. This feature was not used in regular production models due to increased weight on the front of the vehicle, as well as additional maintenance requirements.
Electrical system
The electrical system was upgraded to a 24 volt system which required dual 12 volt batteries connected in series. Its ignition and electrical systems were waterproof; a valuable feature in rainy environments and where deep river fording was necessary.
Operators
Former operators
Canada
Greece
Taiwan
United States
See also
- List of U.S. military vehicles by supply catalog designation
- List of U.S. military vehicles by model number
- Jeep trailer (M100)
Notes
Footnotes
- ↑ Nominal off-road payload rating — real payload rating was over 500 kg (1,100 lb) on road; and off-road 3⁄8 of a ton.
Citations
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Brown 1994, p. 64.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 TM-9-804–1⁄4 4x4 Utility truck M38, p.89
- ↑ Willys Jeep Parts Specialists
- ↑ M38 Jeep Reference Guide, Miller 2009
- ↑ TM-9-804–1⁄4 4x4 Utility truck M38, p.3
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 M38-Data-Sheet-1.pdf
- ↑ TM-9-804–1⁄4 4x4 Utility truck M38, p.6
- ↑ TM-9-804–1⁄4 4x4 Utility truck M38, p.109
References
General
- Brown, Arch (1994). Jeep: The Unstoppable Legend. Lincolnwood, IL US: Publications International. p. 64. ISBN 0-7853-0870-9.
Technical manuals
- "TM-9-804 1/4 4x4 Utility truck M38". US Dept. of the Army. September 1950. https://www.scribd.com/doc/158529857/TM-9-804-M38-JEEP-1950.
- "TM-9-1804A Engine (Willys-Overland Model MC)". US Dept. of the Army. June 1951. https://archive.org/details/TechnicalManualTm9-1804aEngineWillysL-134.
- "TM-9-1804B Power train body and frame". US Dept. of the Army. 16 Jul 1952. https://archive.org/details/TechnicalManualTm9-1804bM38PowerTrainBodyAndFrame.
- "TM-9-8012 Operation and Maintenance". US Dept. of the Army. 12 Jan 1956. https://archive.org/details/TechnicalManualTm9-8012WillysM38.
- "TM-9-2800-1953 Military Vehicles". US Depts. Of the Army and Air Force. February 1953. p. 154. https://www.scribd.com/doc/183017787/TM-9-2800-1-1953-INCLUDING-C1-EN-C2-pdf.
External links
- http://www.willysmjeeps.com
- http://www.g503.com/
- http://www.olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_m38.php3
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