Engineering:Windmill (sailing dinghy)

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Short description: Sailboat class
Windmill
Windmill logo.gif
Class symbol
Windmill class boat.jpg
Development
DesignerClark Mills
LocationUnited States
Year1953
No. built5700
Builder(s)Johannsen Boat Works
Lockley Newport Boats
Advance Sailboat Corp.
Boat
Boat weight198 lb (90 kg)
Draft4.17 ft (1.27 m) with the daggerboard down
Hull
TypeMonohull
ConstructionFiberglass or plywood
LOA15.50 ft (4.72 m)
LWL14.50 ft (4.42 m)
Beam4.75 ft (1.45 m)
Hull appendages
Keel/board typedaggerboard
Rudder(s)transom-mounted rudder
Rig
Rig typeBermuda rig
Sails
SailplanFractional rigged sloop Masthead sloop
Mainsail area85 sq ft (7.9 m2)
Jib/genoa area34 sq ft (3.2 m2)
Spinnaker areanone
Total sail area119 sq ft (11.1 m2)
Racing
D-PN90.2
[edit on Wikidata]

The Windmill is an United States sailing dinghy that was designed by Clark Mills as a one-design racer and first built in 1953.[1][2][3]

The Windmill hull design was developed into the US1 single-handed catboat in 1974.[4]

Production

Originally intended to be amateur-constructed from four sheets of plywood, the boat was also commercially manufactured from fiberglass. The design was built by Johannsen Boat Works, Lockley Newport Boats and Advance Sailboat Corp. in the United States , but it is now out of production. A total of 5700 examples of the type have been completed.[1][3][5][6][7]

Design

Windmill on a trailer, showing hull shape

The Windmill is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of plywood or fiberglass in the form of a double hull with a foam core, resulting in an unsinkable boat. It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars. The boat and is sailed only with a jib and mainsail, no spinnaker and no trapeze. The hull has a rounded plumb stem, a conventional transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable daggerboard. It displaces 198 lb (90 kg),[1][3]

The boat has a draft of 4.17 ft (1.27 m) with the daggerboard extended and 6 in (15 cm) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer or car roof rack.[1]

For sailing the design is equipped with jib and mainsail windows for visibility. It also has an internal 2:1 mechanical advantage outhaul, a 4:1 boom vang controlled by the boat's skipper and a 4:1 Cunningham. The boat has adjustable jib fairleads and a mainsheet traveler, plus an Elvstrom bailer.[3]

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 90.2 and is normally raced with a crew of two sailors.[3]

Operational history

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "the Windmill is a high-performance sloop that can be built from plans or from a kit, or purchased complete. She is very light and planes quickly. Class rules are strict, and neither spinnakers nor trapezes are allowed. With a double hull and closed-cell foam, the boat is unsinkable. This type of construction also results in a very rigid boat."[3]

The boat is supported by an active class club, the Windmill Class Association.[8]

Windmill racing by a mark


Events

Championships
Year Event Type Location Winner Source
1953 Championship Alachua Sailing Club, Florida Francis Seavy & Unknown [9]
1954 Championship Lake Ivanhoe, Florida Charles Morgan & Unknown [9]
1962 National Championship Davis Island Yacht Club All Unknown [10]
1962 International Championship Sarasota Sailing Squadron, Florida David Posey & Unknown [10]
1963 National Championship Bellport Bay Yacht Club, New York All Unknown [11]
1964 National Championship Bellport Bay Yacht Club, New York All Unknown [11]
1966 National Championship Reno, Nevada All Unknown [11]
1966 International Championship St. Petersburg Yacht Club, Florida All Unknown [11]
1967 National Championship Unknown Paul Gernhardt & Unknown [12]
1967 International Championship West River Sailing Club, Maryland John Bear & Ed Bear [12]
1968 National Championship Red Bank, New Jersey Pat Hamilton & Augie Diaz [13]
1969 National Championship Lake Arlington, Texas John Bear & Unknown [14]
1969 International Championship Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Virginia Ed Laviano & Unknown [14]
1970 National Championship Navy Sailing Squadron, Maryland Dick Schmidt & Judy Schmidt [15]
1970 International Championship Southern Yacht Club, Louisiana John Dane III & Unknown [15]
1971 National Championship Houston Yacht Club, Texas All Unknown [16]
1971 International Championship Bellport Bay Yacht Club, New York Pat Hamilton & Nora Hamilton [17]
1972 National Championship Tampa Sailing Squadron, Florida Denis Fontaine & Unknown [18]
1973 National Championship Old Point Comfort Yacht Club, Virginia Denis Fontaine & Unknown [19]
1974 National Championship Association Island, New York Denis Fontaine & Unknown [20]
1974 International Championship Houston Yacht Club, Texas Denis Fontaine & Unknown [20]
1975 National Championship Lake Fort Gibson, Oklahoma Peter Fontaine & Keith Bradley [21]
1976 International Championship Lake Gaston, North Carolina Denis Fontaine & Greg Fontaine [22]
1977 Unknown Pensacola Yacht Club, Florida Denis Fontaine & Bill Whitehurst [23]
1978 Unknown Kenlake Sailing Club, Kentucky Sam Andras & Joan Andras [24]
1979 National Championship Christchurch School, Virginia Bob Rowland & Sandy Rowland [25]
1980 International Championship Saratoga Lake Sailing Club, New York Dave Ellis & Susie Ellis [26]
1981 National Championship St. Andrews Bay Yacht Club, Florida Alex Krumdieck & Richard Krumdieck [27]
1982 National Championship Lake Fort Gibson, Oklahoma Terry Wood & Betty Wood [28]
1984 National Championship Lake Livingston, Texas Craig Tovell & Craig Plottner [29]
1985 National Championship Concord Yacht Club, Tennessee Dave Ellis & Brandon Ellis [30]
1987 National Championship Ware River Yacht Club, Virginia Mark Swanson & Emmie Swanson [31]
1988 National Championship Bay Point Yacht Club, Ohio John Ingalls & Maura Ingalls [32]
1989 National Championship Oriental Sailing Association, North Carolina John Ingalls & Mike Mullahey [33]
1990 National Championship Bristol Yacht Club, Rhode Island Craig Tovell & Mike Graber [34]
1991 National Championship St. Mary's College, Maryland Mark Swanson & Emmie Swanson [35]
1992 National Championship Lake Monroe Sailing Club, Indiana Terry Wood & Betty Wood [36]
1993 National Championship Percy Priest Yacht Club, Tennessee Terry Wood & Betty Wood [37]
1994 National Championship Oriental Sailing Association, North Carolina John Danneburger & Anne Danneburger [38]
1995 National Championship St. Andrews Bay Yacht Club, Florida Terry Wood & Betty Wood [39]
1996 National Championship Castine, Maine Richard Fontana & Diane Ahmann [40]
1997 National Championship Edenton Bay Yacht Club, North Carolina Terry Wood & Betty Wood [41]
1998 National Championship Coconut Grove Sailing Club, Florida Terry Wood & Betty Wood [42]
1999 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [43]
2000 National Championship Ohio Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [44]
2001 National Championship Edenton Bay Yacht Club, North Carolina Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [45]
2002 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Ken Deyett & Geoff Gibby AND Terry Wood & Betty Wood* [46]
2003 National Championship Bristol Yacht Club, Rhode Island Richard Fontana & Ed Fontana [47]
2004 National Championship James Island Yacht Club, South Carolina Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [48]
2005 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Dave Ellis & M. Ruchrmund [49]
2006 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Dave Ellis & Lars Arnesen [50]
2007 National Championship Edenton Yacht Club, North Carolina Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [51]
2008 National Championship Lake Winnipesaukee Yacht Club, New Hampshire Ethan Bixby & Amy Drinker [52]
2009 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Arthur Anosov & Danila Florianovich [53]
2010 National Championship Lake Lanier Sailing Club, Georgia John Jennings & Julie Valdez [54]
2011 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [55]
2012 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Lin Robson & Erin McKie [56]
2013 National Championship Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Virginia Craig Tovell & Brendan Demler [57]
2014 National Championship Hoover Sailing Club, Ohio Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [58]
2015 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Ralph Sponar III & Matthew Sponar [59]
2016 National Championship River Dunes Harbor Club & Marina, North Carolina Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [60]
2017 National Championship Erie Yacht Club, Pennsylvania Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [61]
2018 National Championship Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby [62]
2019 International Championship Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Virginia Arthur Anosov & Maxim Anosov [63]
2020 National Championship Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic [64]

*Note: In 2002, there was an incorrect initial scoring by the race committee, leading them to declare co-champions

See also

Related development

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Windmill sailboat". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/windmill. 
  2. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Clark Mills 1915-2001". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/designer/mills-clark. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Sherwood, Richard M.: A Field Guide to Sailboats of North America, Second Edition, pages 58-59. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994. ISBN:0-395-65239-1
  4. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "US1 sailboat". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/us1. 
  5. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Johannsen Boat Works". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/builder/johannsen-boat-works. 
  6. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Lockley Newport Boats (USA) 1964 - 1988". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/builder/lockley-newport-boats-usa. 
  7. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Advance Sailboat Corp. 1960-1980". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/builder/advance-sailboat-corp-usa. 
  8. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Windmill Class". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/association/windmill-class. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "WCA News: August 1965". WCA News. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Windmill Newsletter: July 1962". Windmill Newsletter. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "WCA News: December 1970/January 1971". WCA News. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "WCA News: October 1967". WCA News. 
  13. ↑ "WCA News: October 1968". WCA News. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "WCA News: October 1969". WCA News. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "WCA News: October/November 1970". WCA News. 
  16. ↑ "WCA News: Dec 1970/Jan 1971". WCA News. 
  17. ↑ "WCA News: January 1972". WCA News. 
  18. ↑ "WCA News: October/November 1972". WCA News. 
  19. ↑ "WCA News: August/September 1973". WCA News. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Windmill News: August/September 1974". Windmill News. 
  21. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1975". Windmill News. 
  22. ↑ "Windmill News: August-September 1976". Windmill News. 
  23. ↑ "Windmill News: August-September 1977". Windmill News. 
  24. ↑ "Windmill News: October-November 1978". Windmill News. 
  25. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1979". Windmill News. 
  26. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1980". Windmill News. 
  27. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1981". Windmill News. 
  28. ↑ "Yacht Racing/Cruising September 1982". Yacht Racing/Cruising. 
  29. ↑ "Windmill News: June/July 1984". Windmill News. 
  30. ↑ "Windmill News: June/July 1985". Windmill News. 
  31. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1987". Windmill News. 
  32. ↑ "Windmill News: June/July 1988". Windmill News. 
  33. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1989". Windmill News. 
  34. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1990". Windmill News. 
  35. ↑ "Windmill News: October/November 1991". Windmill News. 
  36. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1992". Windmill News. 
  37. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1993". Windmill News. 
  38. ↑ "The Windmill News: July/August 1994". The Windmill News. 
  39. ↑ "The Jouster: September/December 1995". The Jouster. 
  40. ↑ "The Jouster: September/October 1996". The Jouster. 
  41. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 1997". The Jouster. 
  42. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 1998". The Jouster. 
  43. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 1999". The Jouster. 
  44. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 2000". The Jouster. 
  45. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August/September 2001". The Jouster. 
  46. ↑ "The Jouster: August/September/October 2002". The Jouster. 
  47. ↑ "The Jouster: September-October-November 2003". The Jouster. 
  48. ↑ "The Jouster: August 2004". The Jouster. 
  49. ↑ "The Jouster: August 2005". The Jouster. 
  50. ↑ "The Jouster: July 2006". The Jouster. 
  51. ↑ "2007 Nationals @ Edenton Yacht Club (2007) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/1#Result. 
  52. ↑ "2008 WCA National Championship @ Lake Winnipesaukee, Gilford, NH (2008) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/11#Result. 
  53. ↑ "2009 Windmill National Championship @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2009) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/28#Result. 
  54. ↑ "2010 Windmill National Championship @ Lake Lanier Sailing Club, GA (2010) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/77#Result. 
  55. ↑ "2011 Windmill Nationals @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2011) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/80#Result. 
  56. ↑ "2012 Windmill Class National Championships @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2012) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/122#Result. 
  57. ↑ "2013 Windmill Class National Championships @ Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Deltaville,Va (2013) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/120#Result. 
  58. ↑ "2014 Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Hoover Sailing Club, Westerville, OH (2014) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/171#Result. 
  59. ↑ "Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2015) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/194#Result. 
  60. ↑ "2016 Windmill Nationals @ River Dunes, NC (2016) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/218#Result. 
  61. ↑ "2017 Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Erie Yacht Club, Pa (2017) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/239#Result. 
  62. ↑ "2018 Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2018) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/259#Result. 
  63. ↑ "2019 International Windmill Championship Regatta @ Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Deltaville,Va (2019) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/286#Result. 
  64. ↑ "2020 Windmill National Championship Regatta (CANCELLED) @ Presque Isle Bay, Erie Yacht Club, PA (2020) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/298. 

External links




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