Engineering discussion:Sodium-ion battery

Add References

1.In the article “A comprehensive study on the electrolyte, anode and cathode for developing commercial type non-flammable sodium-ion battery,” Du et al. (2020) examine the key components of sodium-ion batteries, including the electrolyte, anode, and cathode. This supports the statement that sodium-ion battery cells are composed of a cathode, an anode, and a liquid electrolyte containing sodium salts for sodium-ion transport. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.04.021.

2.In the article “Hard Carbons as Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries: Sodium Storage Mechanism and Optimization Strategies,” Liu et al. (2022) explain that hard carbon is an important anode material for sodium-ion batteries and describe it as a disordered carbon material, also called non-graphitizing carbon. This supports the statement that SIBs can use hard carbon, a non-graphitizable and amorphous carbon material, as an anode. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196516.

3.In the article “Tuning microstructure and surface chemistry of hard carbon for high-rate sodium-ion batteries,” Shan et al. (2025) investigate how tuning the microstructure and surface chemistry of hard carbon can improve its electrochemical performance as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries. This supports the statement that recent studies have focused on modifying the microstructure and surface chemistry of hard carbon to improve its performance as an anode material for SIBs. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138191.

4.In the article “Sodium Storage Behavior in Natural Graphite using Ether-based Electrolyte Systems,” Kim et al. (2015) report that natural graphite can reversibly store sodium when ether-based electrolytes are used. This supports the statement that researchers demonstrated in 2015 that graphite could co-intercalate sodium in ether-based electrolytes. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201402984.

5.In the article “Enhanced processability and electrochemical cyclability of metallic sodium at elevated temperature using sodium alloy composite,” Li et al. (2021) report that a Na15Sn4/Na composite was fabricated through a spontaneous reaction between metallic sodium and metallic tin. This supports the statement that Li et al. prepared a Na15Sn4/Na sodium–tin alloy composite through a spontaneous reaction. DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.11.015.Fsgxn (talk) 10:24, 26 May 2026 (CDT)