Face Animation Parameter

From HandWiki
Short description: Part of the MPEG-4 face animation standard developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group

A Face Animation Parameter (FAP) is a component of the MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation (FBA) International Standard (ISO/IEC 14496-1 & -2) developed by the Moving Pictures Experts Group.[1] It describes a standard for virtually representing humans and humanoids in a way that adequately achieves visual speech intelligibility as well as the mood and gesture of the speaker, and allows for very low bitrate compression and transmission of animation parameters.[2] FAPs control key feature points on a face model mesh that are used to produce animated visemes and facial expressions, as well as head and eye movement.[1] These feature points are part of the Face Definition Parameters (FDPs) also defined in the MPEG-4 standard.[3]

FAPs represent 66 displacements and rotations of the feature points from the neutral face position, which is defined as: mouth closed, eyelids tangent to the iris, gaze and head orientation straight ahead, teeth touching, and tongue touching teeth.[4] These FAPs were designed to be closely related to human facial muscle movements. In addition to animation, FAPs are used in automatic speech recognition,[5] and biometrics.[6]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ostermann, Jörn (August 2002). "Chapter 2: Face Animation in MPEG-4". in Pandzic, Igor; Forchheimer, Robert. MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard, Implementation and Applications. Wiley. pp. 17–55. ISBN 978-0-470-84465-6. https://archive.org/details/mpegfacialanimat00pand_406. 
  2. ↑ Tao, Hai; Chen, H.H.; Wu, Wei; Huang, T.S. (1999). "Compression of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters for transmission of talking heads". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (IEEE Press) 9 (3): 264–276. doi:10.1109/76.752094. 
  3. ↑ Kshirsagar, Sumedha; Garchery, Stephane; Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia (2001). "Feature Point Based Mesh Deformation Applied to MPEG-4 Facial Animation". Deformable Avatars: 24–34. https://www.academia.edu/27181483/Feature_Point_Based_Mesh_Deformation_Applied_to_MPEG_4_Facial_Animation. 
  4. ↑ Petajan, Eric (September 2005). "MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation Coding Applied to HCI". in Kisačanin, B.; Pavlović, V.; Wang, T.S.. Real-time vision for human-computer interaction. Springer. pp. 249–268. ISBN 0387276971. https://archive.org/details/realtimevisionfo00kisa. 
  5. ↑ Petajan, Eric (January 1, 2009). "Chapter 4: Visual Speech and Gesture Coding Using the MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation Standard". in Wee-Chung Liew, Alan. Visual Speech Recognition: Lip Segmentation and Mapping. IGI Global. pp. 128–148. ISBN 9781605661872. 
  6. ↑ Aleksic, P.S.; Katsaggelos, A.K. (November 2006). "Audio-Visual Biometrics". Proceedings of the IEEE (IEEE Press) 94 (11): 2025–2044. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2006.886017. 

External links




Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Face_Animation_Parameter&oldid=3383529"