Finance:Clean Air Zone

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Short description: Air quality improvement measures in the United Kingdom
See also: Earth:Low-emission zone
Clean Air Zone
White cloud symbol on a light green circle
Clean Air Zone traffic sign symbol
LocationSee § List of Clean Air Zones
Launched5 March 2021 (in Bath)[1]

A Clean Air Zone (CAZ) is an area in the United Kingdom where targeted action is taken to improve air quality.[2] A CAZ can be non-charging or charging. Whether a vehicle is charged when entering or moving through a CAZ depends on the type of vehicle and the Euro standard of the vehicle. The amount charged is up to the local authority responsible for the CAZ. Ultra-low-emission vehicles are not charged when entering or moving through a Clean Air Zone.

Classes of charging Clean Air Zone

Class Vehicle Euro Category Charge applies to vehicles
below this Euro standard
Class A 35px Bus[lower-alpha 1]
35px Coach[lower-alpha 1] 		M3 Euro VI
35px Taxi and private hire M2, M1 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
Class B 35px Bus[lower-alpha 1]
35px Coach[lower-alpha 1] 		M3 Euro VI
35px Heavy goods vehicle (HGV) [lower-alpha 2] N2, N3
35px Taxi and private hire M2, M1 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
Class C 35px Bus[lower-alpha 1]
35px Coach[lower-alpha 1] 		M3 Euro VI
35px Heavy goods vehicle (HGV)[lower-alpha 2] N2, N3
35px Taxi and private hire M2, M1 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
35px Minibus[lower-alpha 3] M2
35px Light goods vehicle (LGV)[lower-alpha 4] N1
Class D 35px Bus[lower-alpha 1]
35px Coach[lower-alpha 1] 		M3 Euro VI
35px Heavy goods vehicle (HGV)[lower-alpha 2] N2,N3
35px Minibus[lower-alpha 3] M2 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
35px Light goods vehicle (LGV)[lower-alpha 4] N1
35px Taxi and private hire M1
35px Private cars
35pxMotorcycles (optional)
35px Mopeds (optional) 		N/A Euro 3

List of Clean Air Zones

Operational

Region Type Date of implementation Scope Notes References
Bath Class C 15 March 2021[1] A wide central area Reduced nitrogen dioxide levels by 26% in 2022/2023, meeting legal standards. [3][4]
Birmingham Class D 1 June 2021 All the roads within but not including the A4540 Ring Road [5][6]
Bradford Class C+ September 2022 The area inside and including the Bradford outer ring road, extending to Shipley and Saltaire. [7]
Bristol Class D 28 November 2022 A wide central area extending the North Somerset boundary, including the main route between Wales and Bristol Airport. Originally planned as class B with additional diesel vehicle ban in parts of city centre between 07:00 and 15:00. Changed to class D due to government rejection. [8][9]
Derby Non-charging 2020 Traffic management measures on Stafford Street [10]
Newcastle Class C July 2022 City centre, including bridges over the River Tyne and bridge approaches across the river in Gateshead [11]
Nottingham Non-charging 2020 Retrofitting buses, regulating taxis, converting council-owned vehicles [12]
Portsmouth Class B 29 November 2021 City centre area excluding port and naval base [13]
Sheffield Class C 27 February 2023 Inner ring road and the city centre [14]
Southampton Non-charging 2020 Retrofitting buses, regulating taxis, cleaner fuels and equipment at Southampton's port, cycling infrastructure [15]

Planned or suspended

Region Type Scope Notes References
Greater Manchester Class B All local roads in the county Taxis and private hire vehicles registered within county exempt for first 12 months. Under review. [16][17][18]
Leeds Class B City centre All roads within the boundary of the A61 and A63. Plans postponed in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic in England. [19][20]
Leicester Class A Plans scrapped. [21]

Other emission zones

  • Greater London has a Low Emission Zone and an Ultra Low Emission Zone, covering the majority of the city
    • In central London there is a Congestion Charge, a different type of charge for motor vehicles
  • Oxford has a Zero Emission Zone in the city centre
  • Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee each have a Low Emission Zone in their centres
Other LEZ in the UK
Region Type Start date Scope Notes/references
London LEZ 2008 Covers HGVs and buses around the

Greater London area

London ULEZ 2019 (expanded in

2021 and 2023)[lower-alpha 5]

Covers all other vehicles in the same

area as the LEZ

Oxford ZEZ 2022 Covers all non-electric vehicles in the city centre.

Operational 07:00 to 19:00 including Sundays

[lower-alpha 6]
Glasgow LEZ 2018 (expanded to

cars in 2023)

Covers the city centre [lower-alpha 7]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) more than 5,000 kilograms (5.0 t) and carries 8 or more passengers.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Goods vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) over 3,500 kilograms (3.5 t).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) less than 5,000 kilograms (5.0 t) and carries 8 or more passengers.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Goods vehicle with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) under 3,500 kilograms (3.5 t).
  5. ↑ the initial ULEZ covered the same area as the congestion charge zone before expanding to cover the areas within (but not including) the A406/A205 in 2021. This was later expanded to cover the same area as the LEZ in 2023
  6. ↑ First zero emission zone in the UK
  7. ↑ Unlike other LEZ/CAZ schemes, non-complaint vehicles cannot pay to enter Glasgow's LEZ and will be fined £60.[22]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 (in en-gb) Bath's Clean Air Zone: Annual report summary 2021. Bath: Bath & North East Somerset Council. 16 June 2022. p. 3. https://beta.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Summary%20of%20Bath%27s%20Clean%20Air%20Zone%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf. Retrieved 27 August 2023. 
  2. ↑ "Clean Air Zone Framework". DEFRA and DfT. May 2017. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/612592/clean-air-zone-framework.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "Bath's Clean Air Zone". Bath and North East Somerset Council. https://beta.bathnes.gov.uk/bath-clean-air-zone. 
  4. ↑ Barltrop, Paul (25 August 2023). "Bath air quality improves since introduction of clean air zone". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-66608299. 
  5. ↑ "A clean air zone for Birmingham". Birmingham City Council. https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/info/20076/pollution/1763/a_clean_air_zone_for_birmingham. 
  6. ↑ "Clean Air Zone timing and charges | A clean air zone for Birmingham | Birmingham City Council". https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/info/20076/pollution/1763/a_clean_air_zone_for_birmingham/3. 
  7. ↑ "Bradford Clean Air Zone to start in January 2022". BBC News. 2 March 2021. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-56256584. 
  8. ↑ Cork, Tristan (6 July 2022). "Clean Air Zone start date finally announced". Bristol Post. https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/clean-air-zone-start-date-7298957. 
  9. ↑ Rob. "CHARGES" (in en-GB). https://www.cleanairforbristol.org/caz/charges-bristol-clean-air-zone/. 
  10. ↑ "Derby submit Outline Business Case to government which confirms no CAZ". Air Quality News. 5 March 2019. https://airqualitynews.com/2019/03/05/derby-submit-outline-business-case-which-confirms-no-caz/. 
  11. ↑ "Latest delays to Newcastle Clean Air Zone pollution tolls 'condemning more of us to early deaths'". The Northern Echo. 26 July 2021. https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/clean-air-zone-delay-deaths-21144409. 
  12. ↑ "GClean air zone proposals". Sheffield City Council. https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/environment/2018/11/23/government-approves-nottingham-s-air-quality-plan. 
  13. ↑ "Charging Clean Air Zone". Portsmouth City Council. https://travel.portsmouth.gov.uk/schemes/charging-clean-air-zone/. 
  14. ↑ "Clean air zone proposals". Sheffield City Council. https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/home/pollution-nuisance/clean-air-zone. 
  15. ↑ "Clean Air Update". Southampton City Countil. January 2019. https://www.southampton.gov.uk/environmental-issues/pollution/air-quality/clean-air-zone.aspx. 
  16. ↑ "Greater Manchester Clean Air Plan proposals". Clean Air GM. https://cleanairgm.com/clean-air-plan. 
  17. ↑ "Greater Manchester delays CAZ until 2022". Air Quality News. 21 May 2020. https://airqualitynews.com/2020/05/21/greater-manchester-delays-caz-until-2022/. 
  18. ↑ "GMCA 210621 Report Clean Air Plan". GMCA. 25 June 2021. https://democracy.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/documents/s15281/GMCA%20210621%20Report%20Clean%20Air%20Plan%20-%20FINAL%20FINAL.pdf. 
  19. ↑ "Air Quality". Leeds City Council. https://www.leeds.gov.uk/business/environmental-health-for-business/air-quality. 
  20. ↑ "Leeds Clean Air Zone suspended for the foreseeable future". Air Quality News. 19 August 2020. https://airqualitynews.com/2020/08/19/leeds-clean-air-zone-suspended-for-foreseable-future/. 
  21. ↑ "Leicester CAZ plans scrapped". Air Quality News. 6 April 2021. https://airqualitynews.com/2021/04/06/leicester-caz-plans-scrapped/. 
  22. ↑ "Glasgow's Low Emission Zone" (in en). https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/article/4985/Glasgow-s-Low-Emission-Zone. 

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