Finance:International Investment Agreements of Kazakhstan
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Kazakhstan has concluded the following Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), Treaties with Investment Provisions (TIPs) and Investment Related Instruments (IRIs) according to the database of UNCTAD.[1]
Overview
International organizations such as the World Trade Organization periodically evaluate developments in trade and investment, trends and patterns in FDI and the investment regime for a particular country.[2][3]
The U.S. government also periodically assesses investment conditions, openness to foreign investment, policies toward foreign direct investment, investment and tax treaties and trade facilitation measures.[4][5]
Bilateral Investment Treaties
| No. | Short title | Status | Parties | Date of signature | Date of entry into force |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan BIT (2024) | Signed (not in force) | Kyrgyzstan | 24/04/2024 | |
| 2 | Kazakhstan - Qatar BIT (2022) | Signed (not in force) | Qatar | 12/10/2022 | |
| 3 | Kazakhstan - Singapore BIT (2018) | Signed (not in force) | Singapore | 21/11/2018 | |
| 4 | Kazakhstan - United Arab Emirates BIT (2018) | Signed (not in force) | United Arab Emirates | 24/03/2018 | |
| 5 | Japan - Kazakhstan BIT (2014) | In force | Japan | 23/10/2014 | 25/10/2015 |
| 6 | Kazakhstan - Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of BIT (2012) | In force | North Macedonia | 02/07/2012 | 21/05/2016 |
| 7 | Estonia - Kazakhstan BIT (2011) | In force | Estonia | 20/04/2011 | 26/08/2014 |
| 8 | Kazakhstan - Serbia BIT (2010) | In force | Serbia | 07/10/2010 | 07/12/2015 |
| 9 | Kazakhstan - Romania BIT (2010) | In force | Romania | 02/03/2010 | 17/07/2013 |
| 10 | Austria - Kazakhstan BIT (2010) | In force | Austria | 12/01/2010 | 21/12/2012 |
| 11 | Kazakhstan - Viet Nam BIT (2009) | In force | Viet Nam | 15/09/2009 | 07/04/2014 |
| 12 | Kazakhstan - Qatar BIT (2008) | Signed (not in force) | Qatar | 04/03/2008 | |
| 13 | Kazakhstan - Slovakia BIT (2007) | In force | Slovakia | 21/11/2007 | 29/06/2016 |
| 14 | Finland - Kazakhstan BIT (2007) | In force | Finland | 09/01/2007 | 01/05/2018 |
| 15 | Jordan - Kazakhstan BIT (2006) | In force | Jordan | 29/11/2006 | 01/07/2008 |
| 16 | Armenia - Kazakhstan BIT (2006) | In force | Armenia | 06/11/2006 | 01/08/2010 |
| 17 | Kazakhstan - Sweden BIT (2004) | In force | Sweden | 25/10/2004 | 01/08/2006 |
| 18 | Kazakhstan - Latvia BIT (2004) | In force | Latvia | 08/10/2004 | 21/04/2006 |
| 19 | Kazakhstan - Pakistan BIT (2003) | In force | Pakistan | 08/12/2003 | 07/12/2009 |
| 20 | Kazakhstan - Netherlands BIT (2002) | In force | Netherlands | 27/11/2002 | 01/08/2007 |
| 21 | Greece - Kazakhstan BIT (2002) | Signed (not in force) | Greece | 26/06/2002 | |
| 22 | Kazakhstan - Tajikistan BIT (1999) | In force | Tajikistan | 16/12/1999 | 20/11/2001 |
| 23 | Bulgaria - Kazakhstan BIT (1999) | In force | Bulgaria | 15/09/1999 | 20/08/2001 |
| 24 | Kazakhstan - Russian Federation BIT (1998) | In force | Russian Federation | 06/07/1998 | 11/02/2000 |
| 25 | BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Kazakhstan BIT (1998) | In force | BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) | 16/04/1998 | 06/02/2001 |
| 26 | France - Kazakhstan BIT (1998) | In force | France | 03/02/1998 | 21/08/2000 |
| 27 | Kazakhstan - Kuwait BIT (1997) | In force | Kuwait | 31/08/1997 | 01/05/2000 |
| 28 | Kazakhstan - Uzbekistan BIT (1997) | In force | Uzbekistan | 02/06/1997 | 08/09/1997 |
| 29 | Kazakhstan - Kyrgyzstan BIT (1997) | In force | Kyrgyzstan | 08/04/1997 | 01/05/2005 |
| 30 | India - Kazakhstan BIT (1996) | Terminated | India | 09/12/1996 | 26/07/2001 |
| 31 | Czech Republic - Kazakhstan BIT (1996) | In force | Czechia | 08/10/1996 | 02/04/1998 |
| 32 | Georgia - Kazakhstan BIT (1996) | In force | Georgia | 17/09/1996 | 24/04/1998 |
| 33 | Azerbaijan - Kazakhstan BIT (1996) | In force | Azerbaijan | 16/09/1996 | 30/04/1998 |
| 34 | Kazakhstan - Malaysia BIT (1996) | In force | Malaysia | 27/05/1996 | 03/08/1997 |
| 35 | Kazakhstan - Romania BIT (1996) | Terminated | Romania | 25/04/1996 | 05/04/1997 |
| 36 | Kazakhstan - Korea, Republic of BIT (1996) | In force | Korea, Republic of | 20/03/1996 | 26/12/1996 |
| 37 | Iran, Islamic Republic of - Kazakhstan BIT (1996) | In force | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 16/01/1996 | 03/04/1999 |
| 38 | Israel - Kazakhstan BIT (1995) | In force | Israel | 27/12/1995 | 19/02/1997 |
| 39 | Kazakhstan - United Kingdom BIT (1995) | In force | United Kingdom | 23/11/1995 | 23/11/1995 |
| 40 | Hungary - Kazakhstan BIT (1994) | In force | Hungary | 07/12/1994 | 03/03/1996 |
| 41 | Kazakhstan - Mongolia BIT (1994) | In force | Mongolia | 02/12/1994 | 13/05/1995 |
| 42 | Italy - Kazakhstan BIT (1994) | Terminated | Italy | 22/09/1994 | 12/07/1996 |
| 43 | Kazakhstan - Poland BIT (1994) | In force | Poland | 21/09/1994 | 25/05/1995 |
| 44 | Kazakhstan - Ukraine BIT (1994) | In force | Ukraine | 17/09/1994 | 04/08/1995 |
| 45 | Kazakhstan - Lithuania BIT (1994) | In force | Lithuania | 15/09/1994 | 25/05/1995 |
| 46 | Kazakhstan - Switzerland BIT (1994) | In force | Switzerland | 12/05/1994 | 13/05/1998 |
| 47 | Kazakhstan - Spain BIT (1994) | In force | Spain | 23/03/1994 | 22/06/1995 |
| 48 | Egypt - Kazakhstan BIT (1993) | In force | Egypt | 14/02/1993 | 08/08/1996 |
| 49 | Finland - Kazakhstan BIT (1992) | Terminated | Finland | 29/09/1992 | 14/02/1998 |
| 50 | Germany - Kazakhstan BIT (1992) | In force | Germany | 22/09/1992 | 10/05/1995 |
| 51 | China - Kazakhstan BIT (1992) | In force | China | 10/08/1992 | 13/08/1994 |
| 52 | Kazakhstan - United States of America BIT (1992) | In force | United States of America | 19/05/1992 | 12/01/1994 |
| 53 | Kazakhstan - Turkey BIT (1992) | In force | Türkiye | 01/05/1992 | 10/08/1995 |
Treaties with Investment Provisions
| No. | Short title | Status | Parties | Date of signature | Date of entry into force |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CIS Agreement on Services and Investment (2023) | In force | 08/06/2023 | 05/06/2024 | |
| 2 | Kazakhstan - Singapore Services and Investment Agreement (2023) | In force | Singapore | 22/05/2023 | 01/03/2025 |
| 3 | EU - Kazakhstan EPCA (2015) | In force | EU (European Union) | 21/12/2015 | 01/03/2020 |
| 4 | Eurasian Economic Union - Viet Nam FTA (2015) | In force | Viet Nam | 29/05/2015 | 05/10/2016 |
| 5 | Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (2014) | In force | 29/05/2014 | 01/01/2015 | |
| 6 | Belarus - Kazakhstan - Russia Agreement on Services and Investment (2010) | In force | Belarus, Russian Federation | 09/12/2010 | 01/01/2012 |
| 7 | Eurasian Investment Agreement (2008) | In force | Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Tajikistan | 12/12/2008 | 11/01/2016 |
| 8 | ECO Investment Agreement (2005) | Signed (not in force) | 07/07/2005 | ||
| 9 | US - Central Asia TIFA (2004) | In force | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United States of America, Uzbekistan | 01/06/2004 | 01/06/2004 |
| 10 | Common Economic Zone Agreement (2003) | In force | Belarus, Russian Federation, Ukraine | 19/09/2003 | 20/05/2004 |
| 11 | CIS Investor Rights Convention (1997) | In force | Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Republic of, Tajikistan | 28/03/1997 | 21/01/1999 |
| 12 | EC - Kazakhstan Cooperation Agreement (1995) | Terminated | EU (European Union) | 23/01/1995 | 01/07/1999 |
| 13 | The Energy Charter Treaty (1994) | In force | 17/12/1994 | 16/04/1998 | |
| 14 | IFD Agreement | In negotiation |
Investment Related Instruments
| No. | Short title | Date of adoption | Level | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Islamic Corporation for the Insurance of Investment Credit | 1992 | Regional/Plurilateral | Intergovernmental agreements |
| 2 | MIGA Convention | 1985 | Multilateral | Intergovernmental agreements |
| 3 | New York Convention | 1958 | Multilateral | Intergovernmental agreements |
| 4 | ICSID Convention | 1965 | Multilateral | Intergovernmental agreements |
| 5 | Draft Supplementary Treaty to the Energy Charter Treaty | 1998 | Regional/Plurilateral | Draft instruments |
| 6 | UN Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations | 1983 | Multilateral | Draft instruments |
| 7 | World Bank Investment Guidelines | 1992 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
| 8 | ILO Tripartite Declaration on Multinational Enterprises | 2000 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
| 9 | ILO Tripartite Declaration on Multinational Enterprises | 2006 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
| 10 | ILO Tripartite Declaration on Multinational Enterprises | 1977 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
| 11 | UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights | 2011 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
| 12 | Permanent Sovereignty UN Resolution | 1962 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
| 13 | New International Economic Order UN Resolution | 1974 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
| 14 | Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States | 1974 | Multilateral | Guidelines, principles, resolutions and similar |
See also
- Foreign relations of Kazakhstan
- Economy of Kazakhstan
References
- ↑ "Kazakhstan | International Investment Agreements Navigator | UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub". https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/countries/107/kazakhstan.
- ↑ https://docsonline.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/TPR/S459.pdf&Open=True
- ↑ https://docsonline.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/TPR/S459R1.pdf&Open=True
- ↑ https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-investment-climate-statements/kazakhstan
- ↑ https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-investment-climate-statements/kazakhstan
External links
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