Finance:Kids' meal

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Short description: Fast food meal marketed to children
A Burger King kids' meal
The McDonald's kids' meal is called a Happy Meal.

The kids' meal or children's meal is a fast food combination meal tailored to and marketed to children. Most kids' meals come in colorful bags or cardboard boxes with depictions of activities/games on the bag or box and a toy inside.[1][2] Most standard kids' meals comprise a burger or chicken nuggets, a side item, and a soft drink.[2]

History

One of the earliest kids' meal, Funmeal,[3] emerged at Burger Chef in 1973 and succeeded. Discerning the popularity of the kids' meal, McDonald's introduced its Happy Meal in 1978,[note 1] and other fast food corporations, including Burger King, followed suit with their own kids' meals.[5]

Some fast food corporations considered children their "most important" customers, owing to the success of the kids' meals.[5] Their effectiveness has been ascribed to the fact that the patronage of youngsters often means the patronage of a family and to the allure of the toys, which often are in collectible series.[1] In 2006, $360 million of the expenditures of fast food corporations was for toys in kids' meals, which numbered over 1.2 billion.[5]

In recent years, the popularity of the kids' meal has receded, with a study by NPD Group indicating that there was a 6% decrease in kids' meal sales in 2011.[6] Explanations include parents' realization that kids' meals are unhealthy, parents' desire to save money (opting instead to order from the value menu), as well as kids' outgrowing the meals earlier than before. Youngsters have "become more sophisticated in their palates" and seek items from the regular menu but in smaller servings.[6] Kids' meal toys are also no longer appealing to the increasingly technology-oriented youth,[7] who prefer video games.[8]

Kids' meals have evolved in response to critics, offering healthier selections and greater variety.[8] In 2011, nineteen food chains participating in the Kids Live Well initiative—including Burger King, Denny's, IHOP, Chili's, Friendly's, Chevy's, and El Pollo Loco—pledged to "offer at least one children's meal that has fewer than 600 calories, no soft drinks and at least two items from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy".[9]

Criticism

There have been concerns from food critics about the nutritional value of the kids' meal. A 2010 study by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity inspecting the kids' meals of twelve US food chains[10] concluded that of 3,039 entrée combinations, twelve satisfied the advised levels of fat, sodium, and calories for preschool kids and fifteen those for older kids.[5]

Toys being inappropriate for the target audience's age group

Burger King has received controversy for promoting and aiming at children several PG-13 rated films, including The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Small Soldiers,[11] Wild Wild West, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith,[12] and The Simpsons Movie.[13] McDonald's similarly received criticism for releasing Happy Meal toys for the film Batman Returns, eventually recalling and stopping the promotion of the toys following complaints from parents that Batman Returns was unsuitable for children. Despite the controversy, McDonald's still promoted the film's sequel Batman Forever three years later[14] When McDonald's promoted 2015's Minions there was controversy because parents thought one of the toys used profanity.[15]

Legislation

In the United States, kids' meals have been blamed for ingraining unhealthy dietary habits in youngsters and augmenting child obesity.[16] In 2010, Santa Clara County, California implemented a ban on toys accompanying kids' meals that fail nutritional standards;[17] affected restaurants showed a 2.8- to 3.4-fold improvement in Children's Menu Assessment scores[18] from pre- to post-ordinance (e.g., improvements in on-site nutritional guidance; promotion of healthy meals, beverages, and side items; and toy marketing and distribution activities) with minimal changes at unaffected restaurants.[19][20] San Francisco County enacted the same ban,[21] and similar ones have been proposed or considered in other cities or states across the country.[note 2] Research that examined the impact of the San Francisco ban indicated that both affected restaurant chains responded to the ordinance by selling toys separately from children's meals, but neither changed their menus to meet ordinance-specified nutrition criteria.[19] Conversely, legislators in Arizona prohibited such restrictions, and Florida state senators proposed the same.[25]

Outside the United States, Spain[26] and Brazil[27] have also considered such measures. Chile has banned toys in kids' meals altogether.[28]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Burger Chef filed suit against McDonald's over the Happy Meal but lost the case.[4]
  2. ↑ New York City ;[22] Superior, Wisconsin;[23] Nebraska[24]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bishop, Pete (20 March 1990). "Fast food meals for kids come under fire". The Daily Telegraph. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3oVKAAAAIBAJ&pg=6140,5493787. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Reynolds, Annette (18 February 1989). "Restaurants serve up toys for kids". State Times. 
  3. ↑ Spartos, Carla (9 September 2009). "MC in a box". New York Post: p. 2. http://www.nypost.com/p/lifestyle/food/item_QQxacRO62DAByNq5IqQGwO/1. 
  4. ↑ Whitfield (26 September 2011). "New Factor Can Lift Stock, But It Can't Be Only Factor". Investor's Business Daily. http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/AWNB/13A045A45012E610/0DF73E411D70C6CA. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Smith, Andrew F. (2011). "Kids' meals". Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat. ABC-CLIO. pp. 393–394. ISBN 9780313393945. https://books.google.com/books?id=Wq3tvL_uIHcC&pg=PA393. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pedicini, Sandra (22 April 2012). "There's less appetite for children's meals at restaurants". Orlando Sentinel. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-04-22/business/os-parents-ordering-fewer-kids-meals-20120422_1_happy-meals-largest-fast-food-chains-value-menus. 
  7. ↑ Horovitz, Bruce (28 May 2009). "Toys may be story in kids meals' steady decline". USA Today. http://abcnews.go.com/Business/t/story?id=7693847&page=1. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Smith, Joyce (27 June 2012). "Kids' meal orders decline as restaurants offer more healthful choices". The Kansas City Star. http://www.kansascity.com/2012/06/18/3680266/kids-meals.html. 
  9. ↑ Bernstein, Sharon (13 July 2011). "Restaurants to offer more-healthful fare for kids". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jul/13/business/la-fi-restaurants-kids-20110713. 
  10. ↑ Christian, Ken (8 November 2010). "Study finds healthy kids' meal choices are few and far between". NBC. http://www.wcsh6.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=135869. 
  11. ↑ "Small Soldiers, Big Controversy". E! Online. 10 July 1998. http://www.eonline.com/news/36690/small-soldiers-big-controversy. 
  12. ↑ "Critics take aim at Burger King's 'Star Wars' meal - May. 24, 2005". https://money.cnn.com/2005/05/24/news/midcaps/starwars_burgerking/index.htm?section=cnn_topstories. 
  13. ↑ "OT: BK toys for PG-13 Simpson's movie". The DIS Disney Discussion Forums - DISboards.com. http://www.disboards.com/threads/ot-bk-toys-for-pg-13-simpsons-movie.1564823/. 
  14. ↑ Olly Richards (September 1992). "Trouble in Gotham", Empire, pp. 21—23. Retrieved on 2008-08-14.
  15. ↑ Jessica Eggert (9 July 2015). "Is this McDonald's 'Minions' toy saying 'what the f*ck' or what?". Mashable. http://mashable.com/2015/07/09/cursing-minions-at-mcdonalds/. 
  16. ↑ York, Emily Bryson (10 April 2012). "McDonald's, rivals see diminishing appeal for kids meals". Chicago Tribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-10/business/ct-biz-0411-happy-meals-20120410_1_kids-meals-dollar-menus-mcdonald-s-happy-meal. 
  17. ↑ Bonisteel, Sara (28 April 2010). "Toys banned in some California fast food restaurants". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/04/28/fast.food.toys.california/index.html. 
  18. ↑ Krukowski, Rebecca A.; Eddings, Kenya; Smith West, Delia (2011). "The Children's Menu Assessment: Development, Evaluation, and Relevance of a Tool for Evaluating Children's Menus" (in en). Journal of the American Dietetic Association 111 (6): 884–888. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.03.018. PMID 21616202. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Otten, Jennifer J.; Saelens, Brian E.; Kapphahn, Kristopher I.; Hekler, Eric B.; Buman, Matthew P.; Goldstein, Benjamin A.; Krukowski, Rebecca A.; O’Donohue, Laura S. et al. (2014-07-17). "Impact of San Francisco's Toy Ordinance on Restaurants and Children's Food Purchases, 2011–2012". Preventing Chronic Disease 11: 140026. doi:10.5888/pcd11.140026. ISSN 1545-1151. PMID 25032837.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. ↑ Otten, Jennifer J.; Hekler, Eric B.; Krukowski, Rebecca A.; Buman, Matthew P.; Saelens, Brian E.; Gardner, Christopher D.; King, Abby C. (2012). "Food Marketing to Children Through Toys" (in en). American Journal of Preventive Medicine 42 (1): 56–60. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.020. PMID 22176847. 
  21. ↑ Park, Madison (1 December 2011). "Happy Meal toys no longer free in San Francisco". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/30/health/california-mcdonalds-happy-meals/index.html. 
  22. ↑ Melnick, Meredith (6 April 2011). "New York City Council Considers Banning Happy Meal Toys". Time (magazine). http://healthland.time.com/2011/04/06/new-york-city-council-considers-banning-happy-meal-toys/. 
  23. ↑ "Superior rejects ban on fast food toy". Associated Press. 8 December 2010. http://www.austindailyherald.com/2010/12/08/superior-rejects-ban-on-fast-food-toy/. 
  24. ↑ "Senators reject ban on toys in Neb. kids' meals". Associated Press. 4 February 2011. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9L64I0O0.htm. 
  25. ↑ Levine, Dan; Lisa Baertlein (9 May 2011). "Fast-food lobbies U.S. states on Happy Meal laws". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mcdonalds-toys-idUSTRE7484YN20110509. 
  26. ↑ Abend, Lisa (1 December 2010). "In Spain, Taking Some Joy out of the Happy Meal". Time (magazine). http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1943119,00.html. 
  27. ↑ Ellsworth, Brian (15 June 2009). "Brazilian prosecutor wants to ban fast-food toys". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-fastfood-idUSTRE55F07720090616. 
  28. ↑ "Chile Bans Toys in Fast Food to Attack Child Obesity". Associated Press. 2 August 2012. http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/lifestyle/2012/08/02/chile-bans-toys-in-fast-food-to-attack-child-obesity/. 



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