Finance:Knowledge Economic Index

From HandWiki

The Knowledge Indexes were designed as an interactive tool for benchmarking a country's position vis-a-vis others in the global knowledge economy. It was created by the World Bank Institute using the Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). The World Bank discontinued the index after 2012.[1] 'A joint initiative between the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation (MBRF)' created 'The Global Knowledge Index (GKI) from Knowledge4All' as a replacement.[1] An EBRD 'Knowledge Economy Index' documented in a 2019 publication [2] uses indicators like institutional & legal frameworks (as a basis for patents etc.),  number of technical graduates, research spending number of patents, some measure of collaboration, and amount of venture capital.[2] In total there are 38 contributing indicators described in the ERBD index methodology. 

Knowledge Index

The Knowledge Index or KI is an economic indicator prepared by the World Bank Institute to measure a country's ability to generate, adopt and diffuse knowledge. Methodologically, the KI is the simple average of the normalized performance scores of a country or region on the key variables in three Knowledge Economy pillars - education and human resources, the innovation system and information and communication technology (ICT).[2][1]

Knowledge Economic Index

The Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) takes into account whether the environment is conducive for knowledge to be used effectively for economic development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of development of a country or region towards the Knowledge Economy. The KEI is calculated based on the average of the normalized performance scores of a country or region on all 4 pillars related to the knowledge economy - economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, the innovation system and ICT.[2][1]

The 4 pillars of the Knowledge Economy framework

  • An economic and institutional regime to provide incentives for the efficient use of existing and new knowledge and the flourishing of entrepreneurship;
  • An educated and skilled population to create, share, and use knowledge well;
  • An efficient innovation system of firms, research centers, universities, consultants and other organizations to tap into the growing stock of global knowledge, assimilate and adapt it to local needs, and create new technology;
  • Information and communication technology to facilitate the effective creation, dissemination, and processing of information.

KEI and KI indexes by country

Country KEI KI Economic Incentive Regime Innovation Education ICT 2015 Rank
 Denmark 9.58 9.55 9.66 9.57 9.80 9.28 1
 Sweden 9.52 9.63 9.18 9.79 9.40 9.69 2
 Finland 9.37 9.33 9.47 9.66 9.78 8.56 3
 Netherlands 9.32 9.36 9.18 9.48 9.26 9.36 4
 Norway 9.27 9.27 9.25 9.06 9.60 9.16 5
 Canada 9.21 9.14 9.42 9.43 9.26 8.74 6
  Switzerland 9.15 9.03 9.50 9.89 7.69 9.52 7
 United Kingdom 9.09 9.03 9.28 9.18 8.54 9.38 8
 United States 9.08 9.05 9.16 9.45 8.77 8.93 9
 Australia 9.05 9.17 8.66 8.72 9.64 9.16 10
 Ireland 8.92 8.82 9.23 9.04 9.08 8.33 11
 Austria 8.89 8.76 9.30 8.90 8.53 8.85 12
 Iceland 8.88 8.87 8.92 7.98 9.44 9.18 13
 Germany 8.87 8.83 8.99 9.00 8.46 9.04 14
 New Zealand 8.87 9.00 8.48 8.65 9.79 8.56 15
 Belgium 8.73 8.70 8.82 8.96 9.14 8.02 16
 Taiwan 8.69 8.80 8.35 9.24 7.91 9.26 17
 Luxembourg 8.65 8.40 9.42 8.91 6.66 9.62 18
 Japan 8.56 8.84 7.71 9.15 8.71 8.66 19
 France 8.47 8.69 7.82 8.61 9.08 8.38 20
 Estonia 8.34 8.22 8.68 7.49 8.27 8.90 21
 Slovenia 8.25 8.29 8.11 8.31 8.24 8.33 22
 Spain 8.24 8.13 8.58 8.14 8.21 8.04 23
 Singapore 8.24 7.75 9.71 9.56 5.19 8.50 24
 Israel 8.22 8.24 8.16 9.34 6.72 8.64 25
 Hong Kong, China 8.20 7.73 9.60 8.64 5.30 9.26 26
 Italy 7.86 8.19 6.84 8.04 7.86 8.68 27
 Hungary 7.85 7.67 8.39 8.14 7.62 7.25 28
 Czech Republic 7.83 7.70 8.23 7.60 8.11 7.39 29
 Lithuania 7.68 7.60 7.94 6.59 8.36 7.84 30
 South Korea 7.68 8.38 5.57 8.47 7.97 8.71 31
 Latvia 7.64 7.51 8.04 6.40 8.41 7.73 32
 Cyprus 7.55 7.47 7.77 7.65 6.45 8.32 33
 Portugal 7.52 7.22 8.44 7.43 6.83 7.39 34
 Greece 7.38 7.48 7.08 7.63 8.20 6.62 35
 Poland 7.38 7.37 7.39 6.92 7.94 7.25 36
 Slovakia 7.33 7.12 7.99 6.86 6.98 7.51 37
 Barbados 7.25 7.78 5.66 7.51 8.40 7.44 38
 Croatia 7.19 7.19 7.16 7.54 6.44 7.61 39
 Chile 6.92 6.53 8.11 6.81 6.31 6.46 40
 Bulgaria 6.80 6.73 7.01 6.43 7.42 6.33 41
 United Arab Emirates 6.66 6.57 6.95 6.74 4.78 8.18 42
 Romania 6.37 6.20 6.87 5.66 6.30 6.63 43
 Uruguay 6.35 6.31 6.49 5.26 7.18 6.48 44
 Qatar 6.15 6.20 5.99 5.77 5.29 7.56 45
 Dominica 6.07 5.61 7.46 3.76 6.24 6.82 46
 Costa Rica 6.06 5.85 6.70 6.24 5.01 6.30 47
 Malaysia 6.06 6.02 6.18 6.83 4.14 7.08 48
 Russian Federation 5.40 6.69 1.55 6.89 7.09 6.08 49
 Bahrain 6.02 5.75 6.84 4.20 5.82 7.22 50
 Kuwait 6.01 5.68 7.01 5.05 4.87 7.13 51
 Ukraine 5.80 6.38 4.06 5.77 7.91 5.45 52
 Argentina 5.49 6.44 2.63 6.85 6.49 5.98 53
 Trinidad and Tobago 5.64 5.54 5.95 6.02 4.34 6.27 54
 Brazil 5.57 6.00 4.30 6.07 5.84 6.08 55
 Turkey 5.61 5.14 7.02 5.67 4.38 5.38 56
 South Africa 5.55 5.47 5.81 6.92 4.51 4.98 57
 Jordan 5.53 5.46 5.77 5.66 5.49 5.21 58
 Armenia 5.51 5.44 5.71 6.17 6.32 3.84 59
 Mexico 5.45 5.48 5.38 5.82 4.85 5.77 60
 Thailand 5.44 5.41 5.51 5.98 5.27 5.00 61
 Oman 5.37 4.72 7.32 4.95 4.30 4.90 62
 Macedonia 5.33 5.23 5.61 4.76 4.87 6.06 63
 Mauritius 5.18 4.58 6.95 3.70 4.09 5.96 64
 Saudi Arabia 5.15 5.07 5.39 4.04 4.87 6.29 65
 Jamaica 5.04 5.40 3.99 5.36 4.10 6.74 66
 Moldova 5.04 5.32 4.19 4.39 6.40 5.17 67
 Kazakhstan 5.01 5.08 4.82 3.77 7.21 4.25 68
 Belarus 4.93 6.39 0.55 5.54 8.00 5.63 69
 Lebanon 4.86 4.91 4.70 4.69 4.76 5.27 70
 Tunisia 4.73 4.56 5.26 4.58 4.10 5.00 71
 Panama 4.69 4.45 5.39 5.45 4.86 3.04 72
 Georgia 4.69 5.07 3.54 5.38 5.97 3.85 73
 Peru 4.64 4.86 3.98 3.88 5.57 5.12 74
 Mongolia 4.50 4.28 5.18 2.06 6.31 4.46 75
 Colombia 4.42 4.62 3.83 4.26 4.79 4.80 76
 China 4.35 4.46 4.01 5.12 4.11 4.16 77
 Guyana 4.31 4.97 2.33 4.47 5.80 4.64 78
 Philippines 4.25 4.02 4.95 3.63 4.76 3.66 79
 Venezuela 4.23 5.47 0.51 5.73 5.27 5.41 80
 Namibia 4.19 3.20 7.14 3.30 2.57 3.74 81
 Sri Lanka 4.16 4.07 4.44 4.44 4.91 2.85 82
 Albania 4.04 4.08 3.91 3.10 4.94 4.20 83
 Egypt 4.03 4.19 3.57 4.55 4.35 3.66 84
 Botswana 3.96 3.50 5.34 4.34 2.58 3.59 85
 Dominican Republic 3.92 3.81 4.24 2.91 4.11 4.42 86
 El Salvador 3.91 3.65 4.70 3.19 3.26 4.50 87
 Azerbaijan 3.81 3.93 3.42 3.05 5.03 3.73 88
 Kyrgyzstan 3.74 3.90 3.25 2.70 6.25 2.75 89
 Paraguay 3.62 3.87 2.87 3.47 4.20 3.93 90
 Ecuador 3.46 4.08 1.58 3.55 3.77 4.93 91
 Morocco 3.45 3.33 3.80 3.67 2.00 4.32 92
 Bolivia 3.42 3.63 2.78 3.05 4.76 3.09 93
 Iran 3.39 4.13 1.18 3.02 3.89 5.48 94
 Uzbekistan 3.28 4.03 1.03 3.51 6.17 2.40 95
 Algeria 3.25 3.50 2.53 3.48 3.64 3.37 96
 Cape Verde 3.24 3.05 3.81 2.25 2.96 3.96 97
 Indonesia 3.23 3.19 3.36 3.32 3.42 2.82 98
 Honduras 3.21 3.18 3.30 3.30 3.17 3.06 99
 India 3.12 2.94 3.67 3.97 2.26 2.59 100
 Guatemala 3.11 2.88 3.78 2.47 2.21 3.97 101
 Vietnam 3.02 3.08 2.85 2.83 3.32 3.08 102
 Swaziland 2.93 3.05 2.56 4.55 1.73 2.88 103
 Syrian Arab Republic 2.90 3.34 1.55 3.44 2.91 3.68 104
 Nicaragua 2.87 2.64 3.57 1.99 2.93 3.02 105
 Kenya 2.82 2.65 3.31 3.87 1.49 2.60 106
 Tajikistan 2.79 2.93 2.37 2.33 5.34 1.10 107
 Senegal 2.63 2.15 4.07 2.77 0.92 2.75 108
 Zimbabwe 2.51 3.25 0.29 4.09 2.38 3.29 109
 Ghana 2.50 2.00 3.97 2.08 1.80 2.13 110
 Uganda 2.46 1.93 4.04 2.72 1.16 1.92 111
 Madagascar 2.37 1.51 4.93 2.54 0.76 1.25 112
 Mauritania 2.35 1.83 3.89 1.75 0.94 2.80 113
 Tanzania 2.28 1.72 3.98 2.39 1.05 1.70 114
 Pakistan 2.24 2.18 2.43 2.75 1.07 2.72 115
 Lesotho 2.15 1.99 2.65 2.70 1.73 1.53 116
 Benin 2.10 1.80 3.00 2.33 1.14 1.93 117
 Nigeria 2.04 2.33 1.16 2.72 1.87 2.41 118
 Yemen 1.80 1.83 1.72 1.68 1.83 1.99 119
 Mali 1.78 1.18 3.58 1.69 0.66 1.19 120
 Mozambique 1.71 1.20 3.24 1.86 0.33 1.41 121
 Angola 1.70 1.67 1.76 2.44 0.88 1.70 122
 Cameroon 1.69 1.85 1.20 2.49 1.36 1.70 123
 Burkina Faso 1.64 1.11 3.24 2.15 0.26 0.93 124
   Nepal 1.61 1.46 2.06 2.04 1.50 0.84 125
 Malawi 1.55 1.17 2.71 2.11 0.87 0.53 126
 Laos 1.53 1.68 1.08 1.43 2.01 1.59 127
 Bangladesh 1.49 1.63 1.10 1.71 1.52 1.66 128
 Myanmar 1.48 1.52 1.35 1.17 2.58 0.82 129
 Rwanda 1.34 0.85 2.80 1.47 0.35 0.74 130
 Ethiopia 1.18 0.93 1.95 1.57 0.73 0.48 131
 Djibouti 1.15 1.14 1.19 1.29 0.49 1.63 132
 Eritrea 1.07 1.20 0.68 1.56 0.81 1.22 133
 Sierra Leone 0.91 0.92 0.87 1.70 0.67 0.39 134
 Bosnia and Herzegovina n/a n/a 4.24 3.29 n/a 5.33 135
 Serbia and Montenegro n/a n/a 3.46 4.85 n/a 5.59 136
 Haiti n/a n/a 1.29 1.15 n/a 1.57 137
 Côte d'Ivoire n/a n/a 0.57 2.52 n/a 2.30 138
 Sudan n/a n/a 0.61 1.97 n/a 3.84 139
 Zambia n/a n/a 2.97 2.37 n/a 2.03 140

References