Finance:Liberal Initiative

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Short description: Liberal political party in Portugal
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Liberal Initiative

Iniciativa Liberal
AbbreviationIL
PresidentRui Rocha
Secretary-GeneralMiguel Rangel
Vice presidentsBernardo Blanco
Angélique da Teresa
Ricardo Pais Oliveira
Ana Martins
Founded13 December 2017
HeadquartersAvenida do Bessa, 158 E 4100-012 Porto
Membership (February 2023)6,300[1]
IdeologyLiberalism
Libertarianism
Political positionCentre-right[2][3][4] to right-wing[5]
European affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe[6][7]
Colours<span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;">     Sky blue
Assembly of the Republic
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European Parliament
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Regional
Parliaments
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Local government
(Mayors)
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Local government
(Parishes)
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Election symbol
Iniciativa Liberal (Símbolo Eleitoral).png
Party flag
Bandeira da Iniciativa Liberal.png
Website
iniciativaliberal.pt

The Liberal Initiative, often simply IL (Portuguese: Iniciativa Liberal, pronounced [inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal]) is a liberal political party in Portugal. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by Rui Rocha. The party sits on the centre-right of the political spectrum and has been described as being on the right-wing of the political spectrum by academics and journalists.[8][9][10]

It has 8 elected members of the parliament out of a total of 230 seats in the Portuguese Parliament.[11]

The party was founded in December 2017, and in October 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, it won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament.[12] It had run in its first elections in May 2019 for the European Parliament and in 2020 supported its first government coalition, at regional level, after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[13]

The party espouses a libertarian-influenced economic platform, including support for a flat income tax, privatisations and liberalisation of the labour market.[14] However, it intends to preserve an equitable and universal welfare state to a certain extent.[15][16] In other dimensions of life, the party favours views aligned with cultural and secular liberalism.[17][18]

History

The Liberal Initiative was founded as an association in 2016, and was approved as a party by the Constitutional Court in 2017.[19] It was admitted to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, a European political party, in November 2017,[20] having run for election for the first time in the 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal, garnering 0.9% of the votes, and failing to win any seats in the European Parliament.[21] In the 2019 legislative election, the party won a single seat in the Portuguese Parliament through the electoral district of Lisbon, earning 67,681 votes in total, equivalent to 1.3% of the votes cast.[12] At regional level, IL supported its first government coalition after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[13] In the 2021 Portuguese local elections, it won 26 seats in municipal assemblies, and none in municipal councils.[22] In the 2022 legislative election, the Liberal Initiative party increased the number of its MPs from one to eight with 5.0% of the vote.[23] Besides João Cotrim Figueiredo (already a MP at the Portuguese Parliament and incumbent party leader), IL elected seven new MPs for the party, including Carlos Guimarães Pinto (a former party leader), as MPs.

Ideology and platform

The party has been described as liberal,[14][24] neoliberal,[25] liberal right,[26] classical-liberal,[27][failed verification] and libertarian.[14][5][28][29][30] It has been described as centre-right[31][32] and right-wing,[33][28][34][35][36][37] with its policy base described as combining economic liberalism with more progressive stances on cultural issues.[35][38]

According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the Oxford Manifesto in mind and believes in individual freedom, by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of classical liberalism.[27] The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and individual spheres,[39] and believes that if any of them are restricted, freedom ceases to exist.[40][41][42][43] The party's political ideas are based on the idea of freedom as the greatest engine of human development, social harmony and economic prosperity.[40][44][45][18] The party's leaders and founders have ascertained that they envisage Portugal as a country that will model itself on Germany's multi-payer health care system – which is paid for by a combination of public health insurance and private health insurance –, on Ireland's corporate tax policy and on Estonia's fiscal, educational, and public administration systems,[46][47] following classical liberal economic policies.

On 5 May 2018, the Liberal Initiative approved its political programme under the slogan "Less State, More Freedom" (Menos Estado, Mais Liberdade).[48] The party proposes the reduction of the number of civil servants and the extension of their health system to all Portuguese citizens, as well as extending the freedom for parents to choose their children's school without it necessarily being linked to their address.[49]

The party rejects to be simplistically described as a blind follower of the political philosophy of libertarianism, arguing that while it defends a small government and opposes economic interventionism in principle, it also defends an effective government which guarantees the rule of law, universal healthcare, universal education, social security and a welfare state.[50] The party said that it doesn't want to dismantle the Portuguese welfare state, but instead wants to "rationalize it" based on the principles of "sustainability and equity" by redefining its fairness proposition from the point of view of both social welfare beneficiaries/non-beneficiaries and taxpayers, regardless of age, current or previous occupation and other individual factors.[16][51][15]

Platform for the 2019 legislative election

Among the measures announced for the 2019 parliamentary elections were:

  • Introducing a flat income tax rate of 15%.
  • Extending coverage by the ADSE [pt] ("Instituto de Proteção e Assistência na Doença") to all Portuguese citizens. This body is in charge of health care, and works like a health insurance, for the Portuguese civil servants only.
  • Providing freedom of choice of school in both the state-owned and privately owned systems, through a school-voucher system.
  • Granting more freedom for universities to define admission criteria, and following the American and British models for universities by adopting a student loan funding system.

Party factions

The Liberal Initiative has a number of internal factions:[52][53]

Rui Rocha, current party leader.

Classical liberalism

This faction defends opposition to socialism through classical liberalism, calling for a low tax burden and promoting "efficient, effective and accountable government", while defending respect for individual, social, political and economic freedoms.[54]

Social liberalism

This faction adheres to the principles of social liberalism.[54]

Libertarianism

The faction espouses an outright libertarian platform with neoliberal economic and political stances, whose proposals include support for a lower flat income tax, small government, unprecedented wave of privatisations and deeper economic liberalisation of the economy, including in the labour market, able to address modernisation and overstaffing issues in the civil service, productivity gaps and competitiveness problems of the country in the context of the European Union and globalization.[citation needed]

Conservative liberalism

The faction supporting Conservative liberalism, although being liberal on economic issues, is more conservative on social issues.[54] By 25 November 2023, most of the members from this faction had left the party,[55] with two joining Chega.[56][57]

Organisation, communication and style

Outdoor.

The party is organised and managed in a decentralised, digitised way. It has no physical headquarters in most municipalities of the country and makes heavy use of information and communication technologies.[58] Since its foundation, the party made an impact through the acclaimed originality of its communication and marketing campaigns, in particular its eye-catching billboards.[59][60]

Electoral results

Assembly of the Republic

Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections <graph>{"legends":[],"scales":[{"type":"ordinal","name":"x","zero":false,"domain":{"data":"chart","field":"x"},"padding":0.2,"range":"width","nice":true},{"clamp":true,"type":"linear","name":"y","domainMax":10,"domain":{"data":"chart","field":"y"},"zero":true,"range":"height","nice":true},{"domain":{"data":"chart","field":"series"},"type":"ordinal","name":"color","range":["#00adef"]}],"version":2,"marks":[{"type":"rect","properties":{"hover":{"fill":{"value":"red"}},"update":{"fill":{"scale":"color","field":"series"}},"enter":{"y":{"scale":"y","field":"y"},"x":{"scale":"x","field":"x"},"y2":{"scale":"y","value":0},"width":{"scale":"x","offset":-1,"band":true},"fill":{"scale":"color","field":"series"}}},"from":{"data":"chart"}},{"type":"text","properties":{"enter":{"baseline":{"value":"middle"},"align":{"value":"left"},"text":{"field":"y"},"y":{"scale":"y","offset":-4,"field":"y"},"dy":{"scale":"x","mult":0.5,"band":true},"x":{"scale":"x","field":"x"},"angle":{"value":-90},"fontSize":{"value":11},"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}}},"from":{"data":"chart"}}],"height":125,"axes":[{"type":"x","title":"","scale":"x","format":"%","properties":{"title":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}},"grid":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"ticks":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"axis":{"strokeWidth":{"value":2},"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"labels":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}}},"grid":false},{"type":"y","title":"% of votes","scale":"y","properties":{"title":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}},"grid":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"ticks":{"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"axis":{"strokeWidth":{"value":2},"stroke":{"value":"#54595d"}},"labels":{"fill":{"value":"#54595d"}}},"grid":false}],"data":[{"format":{"parse":{"y":"number","x":"integer"},"type":"json"},"name":"chart","values":[{"y":1.3,"series":"y","x":2019},{"y":4.9,"series":"y","x":2022}]}],"width":100}</graph>

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
2019 Carlos Guimarães Pinto 67,681 1.3 (#8)
1 / 230
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2022 João Cotrim de Figueiredo 273,687 4.9 (#4)
8 / 230
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 Increase 7 Opposition

European Parliament

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/-
2019 Ricardo Arroja 29,120 0.9 (#11)
0 / 21
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Regional Assemblies

Region Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
Azores 2020 Nuno Barata
José Luís Parreira 		2,012 1.9 (#7)
1 / 57
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Madeira 2023 Nuno Morna 3,555 2.6 (#6)
1 / 47
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 Increase1 Opposition

Local elections

Election Leader Votes % Councillors +/- Mayors +/- Assemblies +/- Parishes +/-
2021 João Cotrim Figueiredo 64,849 1.3 (#8)
1 / 2,064
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0 / 308
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26 / 6,448
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45 / 26,797
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 New

Presidential elections

Election Candidate Votes %
2021 Tiago Mayan Gonçalves 134,991 3.2 (#6)

Assembly of the Republic

João Cotrim de Figueiredo, the party's first ever elected Member of the Portuguese Parliament.

XV Legislature

2022-

  • João Cotrim de Figueiredo
  • Carlos Guimarães Pinto
  • Carla Castro
  • Rodrigo Saraiva
  • Bernardo Blanco
  • Rui Rocha
  • Patrícia Gilvaz
  • Joana Cordeiro

XIV Legislature

2019-2022

  • João Cotrim de Figueiredo

List of presidents

Name Portrait Start End
1st Miguel Ferreira da Silva MiguelFerreiradaSilva.png 13 December 2017 13 October 2018
2nd Carlos Guimarães Pinto CarlosGuimaraesPinto.png 13 October 2018 8 December 2019
3rd João Cotrim de Figueiredo JoaoCotrimFigueiredo.png 8 December 2019 22 January 2023
4th Rui Rocha Rui Rocha.jpg 22 January 2023 Onwards

References

  1. ↑ "PSD está sem "visão reformista" e sem "urgência de transformar o país"". https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/18-fev-2023/psd-esta-sem-visao-reformista-e-sem-urgencia-de-transformar-o-pais-15858295.html. 
  2. ↑ "Iniciativa Liberal é um partido de esquerda ou direita? O que respondem os membros da IL" (in pt). 12 December 2021. https://observador.pt/2021/12/12/iniciativa-liberal-e-um-partido-de-esquerda-ou-direita-o-que-respondem-os-militantes-da-il/. 
  3. ↑ "Portugal terá Parlamento mais plural e com estreia da extrema direita" (in pt). 7 October 2019. https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/portugal-tera-parlamento-mais-plural-com-estreia-da-extrema-direita-24002577. 
  4. ↑ "O debate em que a Iniciativa Liberal pisca à esquerda e à direita como Ruth Marlene e o CDS "cancela um grupo parlamentar inteiro"" (in pt). 5 January 2022. https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/iniciativa-liberal/cds-pp/a-direita-tradicional-e-liberal-discordam-em-tudo-menos-numa-coisa-o-chega/20220105/61d5e89b0cf21847f0a340a2. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Marco Lisi; Edalina Rodrigues Sanches; Jayane dos Santos Maia (2021). "Party System Renewal or Business as Usual? Continuity and Change in Post Post-Bailout Portugal". The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal. Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-000-46262-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=jQxIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53. 
  6. ↑ "ALDE Member Parties". https://www.aldeparty.eu/alde_member_parties. 
  7. ↑ "Meet our leaders: João Cotrim Figueiredo (Iniciativa Liberal, Portugal)". https://www.aldeparty.eu/meet_our_leaders_joao_cotrim_figueiredo. 
  8. ↑ Giorgi, Elisabetta De; Santana-Pereira, José (2021) (in en). The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-46262-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=CLs8EAAAQBAJ. ""(...) due to both the rise of two new right-wing parties, the liberal IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"" 
  9. ↑ Botelho, Catarina Santos; Ribeiro, Ana Teresa (2020). "Portugal" (in en). I-CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law: Country Reports. Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy. ISBN 978-1-7343197-1-2. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3742104. ""(...) two new right-wing parties (the radical right 'CHEGA' and the liberals 'Iniciativa Liberal') entered the Portuguese parliament (...)"" 
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Harvc". "The third noteworthy party on the right was IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"
  11. ↑ "Sobre os grupos parlamentares" (in pt-PT). https://www.parlamento.pt:443/DeputadoGP/Paginas/GruposParlamentares_sobre.aspx. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Legislativas 2019 – Resultados Globais". https://www.legislativas2019.mai.gov.pt/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Iniciativa Liberal anuncia acordo com PSD para viabilização de governo nos Açores". November 7, 2020. https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/iniciativa-liberal-anuncia-acordo-com-psd-para-viabilizacao-de-governo-nos-acores-13011462.html. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Riccardo Marchi; Andre Azevedo Alves (2022). "The Right and the Far Right in the Portuguese Democracy (1974-2022)". The Oxford Handbook of Portuguese Politics. OUP Oxford. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-266773-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=EaCTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "O Estado social da Iniciativa Liberal" (in pt-PT). https://expresso.pt/opiniao/2019-10-15-O-Estado-social-da-Iniciativa-Liberal. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de (2022-01-13). "Iniciativa Liberal quer menos intervenção do Estado e quintuplicar representação no Parlamento" (in pt). https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/iniciativa-liberal-quer-menos-intervencao-do-estado-e-quintuplicar-representacao-no-parlamento_es1376166. 
  17. ↑ Sampaio, Gustavo (2017-07-22). "Há algum partido verdadeiramente liberal em Portugal?" (in pt-PT). https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/ha-algum-partido-verdadeiramente-liberal-em-portugal-185554/. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Portugal com rumo liberal" (in pt). 2023-02-21. https://expresso.pt/opiniao/2023-02-21-Portugal-com-rumo-liberal-d1a346aa. 
  19. ↑ "Iniciativa Liberal já é um partido". December 16, 2017. https://eco.sapo.pt/2017/12/16/iniciativa-liberal-ja-e-um-partido/. 
  20. ↑ "ALDE welcomes new member parties | ALDE Party". https://www.aldeparty.eu/news/alde-welcomes-new-member-parties. 
  21. ↑ "Europeias 2019 – Resultados Globais". https://www.eleicoes.mai.gov.pt/europeias2019/. 
  22. ↑ "Resultados Autárquicas 2021. Veja quem ganhou no seu município e na sua freguesia". 2021-09-26. https://observador.pt/interativo/veja-todos-os-resultados-das-autarquicas-2/#/. 
  23. ↑ "Portugal election: Key takeaways as Socialists cement power" (in en). 2022-01-31. https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/31/portugal-election-three-takeaways-as-socialists-cement-power. 
  24. ↑ "Portugal". 2022. http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/portugal.html. 
  25. ↑ "Glossary". Religion, Gender, and Populism in the Mediterranean. Taylor & Francis. 2024. p. 136. ISBN 9781000987515. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qvnZEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT136. 
  26. ↑ Marina Costa Lobo (2023). "Portugal: EU Issue Voting in Mainstream and Challenger Parties". in Marina Costa Lobo. The Impact of EU Politicisation on Voting Behaviour in Europe. Springer Nature. p. 281. ISBN 9783031291876. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jnC9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Jorge Martins Rosa; Daniel Cardoso, eds (2019). "A Construção da Identidade dos Novos Partidos em Páginas Oficiais do Facebook". https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/jdmi/article/view/3822/2892. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Jorge M. Fernandes; Miguel Won (2021). "Portugal: debating in a party-centred legislature". The Politics of Legislative Debates. Oxford University Press. p. 677. ISBN 978-0-19-884906-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi5CEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA677. 
  29. ↑ "Portugal votes in close-fought election" (in en). 2022-01-30. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220130-portugal-votes-in-close-fought-election. 
  30. ↑ Jones, Sam (2022-01-30). "Portugal's ruling Socialist party on course to win snap general election" (in en). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/30/portugal-far-right-poised-to-play-key-role-after-snap-election. 
  31. ↑ "PS mais absoluto, PSD em queda livre. Aliança e Iniciativa Liberal podem eleger". TSF. 31 August 2019. https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/ps-mais-absoluto-psd-em-queda-livre-alianca-e-iniciativa-liberal-podem-eleger-11252330.html. 
  32. ↑ "Voltou a guerra dos cartazes. PS diz "cumprimos", Iniciativa Liberal satiriza "com primos"". Renascença. 7 August 2019. https://rr.sapo.pt/2019/08/07/legislativas-2019/voltou-a-guerra-dos-cartazes-ps-diz-cumprimos-iniciativa-liberal-satiriza-com-primos/noticia/amp/160469/. 
  33. ↑ Rui Alexandre Novais (2023). "A Game of Masks: The Communicative Performance of the Portuguese Populist Far-Right". Masks and Human Connections: Disruptive Meanings and Cultural Challenges. Springer Nature. p. 88. ISBN 9783031166730. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9RGrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88. 
  34. ↑ João Carvalho (2022). "Portugal: From Exception to the Epicentre". in Kennet Lynggaard. Governments' Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe: Navigating the Perfect Storm. Springer Nature. p. 69. ISBN 9783031141454. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JHKfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Enrico Borghetto; Marco Lisi (2020). "Legislative activities before and after the Great Recession". Political Representation and Citizenship in Portugal: From Crisis to Renewal. Lexington. p. 197. ISBN 978-1-7936-0116-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=_9LoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197. 
  36. ↑ Template:Cite SSRN
  37. ↑ Elisabetta De Giorgi, ed (3 February 2021). "The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal: A Comparative Outlook". South European Society and Politics 25 (2): 127–150. doi:10.1080/13608746.2021.1872152. 
  38. ↑ Jalali, Carlos; Bruneau, Thomas; Colino, Cesar (2020). Portugal Report. Sustainable Governance Indicators. p. 7. 
  39. ↑ Porto Editora – Iniciativa Liberal (partido político) na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 2023-09-25 09:36:48]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/$iniciativa-liberal-(partido-politico)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Sampaio, Gustavo (2017-07-22). ""Os liberais não querem destruir o Estado, querem um Estado forte e eficiente para atuar quando deve atuar"" (in pt-PT). https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/os-liberais-nao-querem-destruir-o-estado-querem-um-estado-forte-e-eficiente-para-atuar-quando-deve-atuar-185558/. 
  41. ↑ "Há três ou quatro anos? "Quase que era um crime falar de liberalismo"" (in pt). 2022-09-28. https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/politica/2081301/ha-tres-ou-quatro-anos-quase-que-era-um-crime-falar-de-liberalismo. 
  42. ↑ Torres, Francisco Pimentel (2019-09-26). "Liberalismo e liberdade individual e igualdade perante a lei" (in pt-PT). https://vilanovaonline.pt/2019/09/26/liberalismo-e-liberdade-individual-e-igualdade-perante-a-lei/. 
  43. ↑ Pinto, Sónia (22 December 2022). "'A Iniciativa Liberal vai chegar ao Governo'". https://sol.sapo.pt/2022/12/11/a-iniciativa-liberal-vai-chegar-ao-governo/. 
  44. ↑ "Iniciativa Liberal, Livre e Chega. O que defendem os novos partidos?". October 7, 2019. https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/economia/iniciativa-liberal-livre-e-chega-o-que-defendem-os-novos-partidos-12773949.html. 
  45. ↑ "Iniciativa Liberal. Eles querem ser os "rebeldes responsáveis" do Parlamento". https://expresso.pt/legislativas-2019/2019-10-07-Iniciativa-Liberal.-Eles-querem-ser-os-rebeldes-responsaveis-do-Parlamento. 
  46. ↑ "Tiago Mayan debate com André Ventura". https://liberalmayan.pt/2021/01/tiago-mayan-debate-com-andre-ventura/. 
  47. ↑ Dias, Miguel Viterbo. "Iniciativa Liberal quer ex-Primeiro-Ministro da Estónia a pensar a reforma do estado português". https://observador.pt/2019/02/15/iniciativa-liberal-quer-ex-primeiro-ministro-da-estonia-a-pensar-a-reforma-do-estado-portugues/. 
  48. ↑ ""Parece que não sabem que o muro de Berlim caiu e o sistema falhou"". https://ionline.sapo.pt/artigo/610907/parece-que-nao-sabem-que-o-muro-de-berlim-caiu-e-o-sistema-falhou?seccao=Portugal_i. 
  49. ↑ "Iniciativa Liberal aprova programa político que defende redução de funcionários públicos". https://www.dn.pt/lusa/iniciativa-liberal-aprova-programa-politico-que-defende-reducao-de-funcionarios-publicos-9312228.html. 
  50. ↑ "João Cotrim Figueiredo. 'Ninguém da Iniciativa Liberal está à procura de um tacho'". https://ionline.sapo.pt/artigo/679243/joao-cotrim-figueiredo-ninguem-da-iniciativa-liberal-esta-a-procura-de-um-tacho?seccao=Portugal_i. 
  51. ↑ Castro, Carla. "Reforma do Sistema de Pensões – é dificil, mas tem de ser" (in pt). https://www.publico.pt/2023/05/01/opiniao/opiniao/reforma-sistema-pensoes-dificil-2048080. 
  52. ↑ seguir, Melissa Lopes-Autor marcado para. "Rui Rocha eleito o novo presidente da Iniciativa Liberal" (in pt-PT). https://onovo.pt/politica/rui-rocha-eleito-o-novo-presidente-da-iniciativa-liberal-OE13609412. 
  53. ↑ "Apupos, "carneirada", "ignorantes" e "paus mandados". O dia em que as fraturas na IL ficaram expostas" (in pt-PT). https://observador.pt/especiais/apupos-carneirada-ignorantes-e-paus-mandados-o-dia-em-que-as-fraturas-na-il-ficaram-expostas/. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 "Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL?" (in pt-PT). https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html. 
  55. ↑ "Membros da IL anunciam saída por o partido se ter "tornado numa caricatura"" (in pt-PT). 2023-11-22. https://www.dn.pt/politica/membros-da-il-anunciam-saida-por-o-partido-se-ter-tornado-numa-caricatura-17382531.html. 
  56. ↑ "Antigo líder da ala conservadora da IL anuncia adesão ao Chega" (in pt-PT). 2023-11-24. https://www.dn.pt/politica/antigo-lider-da-ala-conservadora-da-il-anuncia-adesao-ao-chega-17394286.html. 
  57. ↑ https://www.dn.pt/politica/ex-cabeca-de-lista-da-iniciativa-liberal-junta-se-ao-chega-17497126.html
  58. ↑ Figueiredo, Inês André. "Iniciativa Liberal, a "startup política". Não têm sedes, são dissidentes de partidos tradicionais e querem ser como Mayan" (in pt-PT). https://observador.pt/especiais/iniciativa-liberal-a-startup-politica-nao-tem-sedes-sao-dissidentes-de-partidos-tradicionais-e-querem-ser-como-mayan/. 
  59. ↑ "Iniciativa Liberal. Uma dúzia de outdoors mudaram a vida do 'partido do Twitter'" (in pt-PT). 2019-10-09. https://www.dn.pt/poder/iniciativa-liberal-uma-duzia-de-outdoors-mudaram-a-vida-do-partido-do-twitter-11387496.html. 
  60. ↑ "A Criatividade nas Campanhas Políticas: O Caso do Partido Iniciativa Liberal | Autónoma Academy" (in pt-pt). https://academy.autonoma.pt/agenda/a-criatividade-nas-campanhas-politicas-o-caso-do-partido-iniciativa-liberal/. 

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