Finance:Net international investment position

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Short description: Concept in economics


US Net International Investment Position

The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference in the external financial assets and liabilities of a country.[1] External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP.[2] Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.

The International investment position (IIP) of a country is a financial statement of the value and composition of its external financial assets and liabilities. A positive NIIP value indicates that a nation is a creditor nation, while a negative value indicates that it is a debtor nation.

World

In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world.[3] Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion.[4] By 1990, the U.S. was the world's largest debtor[3] By end-2020, the country’s net international-investment position was a negative $14 trillion, an amount representing how much more the U.S. owed to the rest of the world than the rest of the world owed to the U.S.[5] At the end of 2022, it stood at a negative -$16 trillion.[6]

List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)

Countries and regions Date NIIP[7]

(US$MM)

Date GDP[8]

(US$MM)

Date NIIP

(%GDP)

 Albania 2021Q1 -9,028 2021 17,138 2019 −52.1
 Andorra 2020 +7,658[9][10] 2020 2,890[10] 2020 265[9]
 Argentina 2021Q1 +128,627 2021 418,150 2019 26.3
 Armenia 2021Q1 -10,124 2021 12,251 2019 −73.1
 Australia 2021Q1 -664,900 2021 1,617,543 2021 −41.1
 Austria 2021Q1 +58,662 2021 481,796 2023Q2 17.6[11]
 Bangladesh 2021Q1 -44,673 2021 352,908 2019 −13.5
 Belarus 2021Q1 -31,417 2021 60,725 2021 −51.7
 Belgium 2021Q1 +263,132 2021 578,996 2023Q2 59.1[11]
 Bhutan 2021Q1 -2,585 2021 2,480 2021 −104.2
 Brazil 2021Q1 -460,181 2021 1,491,772 2019 −39.6
 Bulgaria 2021Q1 -17,228 2021 77,782 2023Q2 −13.2[11]
 Cambodia 2021Q1 -25,658 2021 27,239 2021 −94.2
 Canada 2021Q1 +1,105,744 2021 1,883,487 2021 58.7
 Chile 2021Q1 -28,989 2021 307,938 2021 −9.4
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2018 -19,779 2021 55,088 2018 −42.0
 Colombia 2021Q1 -171,915 2021 295,610 2019 −51.7
 People's Republic of China 2021Q1 +2,140,041 2021 16,642,318 2021 12.9
 Croatia 2020 -31,558 2021 65,217 2023Q2 −25.1[11]
 Cyprus 2021Q1 -35,545 2021 26,479 2023Q2 −99.7[11]
 Czech Republic 2021Q1 -24,507 2021 276,109 2023Q2 −16.9[11]
 Denmark 2021Q1 +278,307 2021 392,570 2023Q2 61.7[11]
 Egypt 2021Q1 -209,599 2021 394,284 2021 −53.2
 Estonia 2021Q1 -6,872 2021 35,187 2023Q2 −22.7[11]
 Finland 2021Q1 +24,303 2021 300,484 2023Q2 3.1[11]
 France 2021Q1 -889,171 2021 2,938,271 2023Q2 −29.9[11]
 Germany 2021Q1 +3,055,922 2021 4,319,286 2023Q2 68.6[11]
 Greece 2021Q1 -352,272 2021 209,857 2023Q2 −144.2[11]
 Hong Kong 2021Q1 +2,163,155 2021 368,633 2021 586.8
 Hungary 2021Q1 -74,450 2021 176,543 2023Q2 −50.6[11]
 Iceland 2021Q1 +8,466 2021 24,155 2019(Q1) 21[12]
 India 2021 -379,300 2021 3,049,704 March 2020 −14[13]
 Indonesia 2021Q1 -268,597 2021 1,158,783 2019 −30.4
 Ireland 2020Q3 -705,962 2021 476,663 2023Q2 −108.8[11]
 Israel 2021Q1 +190,555 2021 446,708 2021 42.7
 Italy 2021Q1 +40,176 2021 2,106,287 2023Q2 5.3[11]
 Japan 2021Q1 +3,375,849 2021 5,378,136 2021 62.8
 Kazakhstan 2021Q1 -74,204 2021 187,836 2019 −36.2
 Kuwait 2020 +89,847 2021 126,930 2019 69.7
 Latvia 2021Q1 -11,806 2021 37,720 2023Q2 −26.2[11]
 Lithuania 2021Q1 -7,821 2021 62,198 2023Q2 −2.6[11]
 Luxembourg 2021Q1 +40,328 2021 84,077 2021Q2 43.4[11]
 Malaysia 2021Q1 +25,589 2021 387,093 2020 5.9
 Malta 2020Q3 +9,100 2021 16,476 2023Q2 76.4[11]
 Mexico 2021Q1 -586,528 2021 1,192,480 2019 −51.4
 Mongolia 2021Q1 -37,419 2021 14,233 2021 −262.9
 Montenegro 2018 -9,044 2021 5,651 2018 −178.8
 Mozambique 2021Q1 -59,996 2021 13,957 2021 −429.9
 Netherlands 2021Q1 +959,049 2021 1,012,598 2023Q2 68.5[11]
 New Zealand 2021Q1 -112,488 2021 243,332 2019 −46.2
 Nicaragua 2020 -14,456 2021 12,283 2019 −119.9
 Nigeria 2020 -85,211 2021 514,049 2019 −16.3
 Norway 2021Q1 +1,175,781 2021 444,519 2021 264.5
 Pakistan 2021Q1 -116,935 2021 262,799 2021 −44.5
 Panama 2020 -64,857 2021 59,377 2020 −122.5
 Peru 2020Q2 -86,078 2021 225,918 2018 −37.4
 Philippines 2021Q1 -15,322 2021 402,638 2020 −5.6
 Poland 2021Q1 -254,623 2021 642,121 2023Q2 −32.2[11]
 Portugal 2021Q1 -246,961 2021 257,391 2023Q2 −76.9[11]
 Romania 2021Q1 -121,438 2021 289,130 2023Q2 −40.0[11]
 Russia 2021Q1 +458,533 2021 1,710,734 2021 26.8
 Saudi Arabia 2021Q1 +587,883 2021 804,921 2021 73.0
 Serbia 2021Q1 -49,970 2021 60,435 2019 −88.5
 Singapore 2021Q1 +1,035,082 2021 374,934 2021 276.1
 Slovakia 2021Q1 -67,785 2021 117,664 2023Q2 −57.6[11]
 Slovenia 2021Q1 -4,876 2021 59,132 2023Q2 0.7[11]
 South Africa 2021Q1 +97,342 2021 329,529 2021 29.5
 South Korea 2021Q1 +477,517 2021 1,806,707 2021 26.4
 Spain 2021Q1 -1,096,594 2021 1,461,552 2023Q2 −56.6[11]
 Sudan 2018 -85,180 2021 35,827 2018 −248.5
 Sweden 2021Q1 +116,427 2021 625,948 2023Q2 44.0[11]
  Switzerland 2021Q1 +808,373 2021 824,734 2021 98.0
 Taiwan 2020 +1,371,420[14] 2021 759,104 2020 205.1
 Thailand 2021Q1 +36,251 2021 538,735 2019 11.0
 Tunisia 2019 -63,678 2021 44,265 2019 −162.6
 Turkey 2021Q2 -280,624 2021 794,530 2021 −35.3
 Uganda 2019 -18,640 2021 41,271 2019 −60.8
 Ukraine 2021Q1 -21,613 2021 164,593 2021 −13.1
 United Kingdom 2021Q1 -802,202 2021 3,124,650 2021 −25.7
 United States 2022Q4 -16,112,100 2022 20,182,500 2022Q4[15] −79.8
 Uzbekistan 2021Q1 +18,494 2021 61,203 2021 30.2
 Zambia 2020Q3 -28,177 2021 18,955 2019 −116.5

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bivens, L. Josh (December 14, 2004). "Debt and the dollar: The United States damages future living standards by borrowing itself into a deceptively deep hole". Epinet.org. http://www.epinet.org/content.cfm/Issuebrief203. 
  2. ↑ Ministry of Economic and Finance of Argentina International Investment Position Methodology page.1
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Aliber, Robert (31 January 2021). "Why did the United States Evolve from the Largest International Creditor in 1980 to the Largest International Debtor in 1990?". Atlantic Economic Journal 48: 405-411. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11293-020-09695-x. Retrieved 14 April 2023. 
  4. ↑ "U.S. Becomes the World’s Largest Debtor Country". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 24 June 1986. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-06-24-mn-21190-story.html. 
  5. ↑ "U.S. International Investment Position, Fourth Quarter and Year 2020". Bureau of Economic Analysis. 31 March 2021. https://www.bea.gov/news/2021/us-international-investment-position-fourth-quarter-and-year-2020. 
  6. ↑ "U.S. International Investment Position, 4th Quarter and Year 2022". Bureau of Economic Analysis. 29 March 2023. https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/intinv422.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "IMF Data". https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=62805745. 
  8. ↑ "Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects". International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=512,914,612,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2018&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Fitch Upgrades Andorra to 'A-'; Outlook Stable". 8 July 2022. https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/fitch-upgrades-andorra-to-a-outlook-stable-08-07-2022. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "GDP (current US$) - Andorra". 2021. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=AD. 
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 "Net international investment position - quarterly data, % of GDP". Eurostat. 1 January 2024. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tipsii40/default/table?lang=en. 
  12. ↑ Central Bank of Iceland
  13. ↑ "India's International Investment Position (IIP), March 2020". https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=50025. 
  14. ↑ Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
  15. ↑ "Gross Domestic Product (Third Estimate), Corporate Profits, and GDP by Industry, Fourth Quarter and Year 2022". BEA News. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 30 March 2023. https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/gdp4q22_3rd_0.pdf. 

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