Finance:List of countries by external debt

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For net international debt by country (external debt owing to other countries minus external debt of other countries held), see Net international investment position. For government debts by country, see List of countries by government debt.

This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under consideration.

For information purposes, several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list. Note that while a country may have a relatively large external debt (either in absolute or per capita terms) it could actually be a "net international creditor" if its external debt is less than the total of external debt of other countries held by it.

List of countries by debt

Country Total debt
(billions)[1] 		Per capita, $ % of GDP % of total
wealth[2] 		Last Reported
 United States 25,798 75,852 88.45 18.44 Sep 2024[3][4]
 United Kingdom 10,528 152,271 293.48 65.91 Sep 2024
 France 8,195 119,450 249.57 51.25 Sep 2024
 Germany 7,117 85,266 144.60 40.84 Sep 2024
 Netherlands 4,399 24,375 34.55 90.34 Sep 2024
 Japan 4,312 37,502 105.59 20.52 Dec 2024
 Luxembourg 3,930 5,847 4.05 1.31 Sep 2024
 Ireland 3,177 614,404 562.93 362.07 Dec 2024
 Canada 3,163 76,474 136.08 28.15 Dec 2024
 Italy 2,927 49,635 118.99 26.56 Sep 2024
 Spain 2,866 58,392 156.81 33.77 Sep 2024
 China 2,517 1,787 12.88 2.98 Sep 2024
 Switzerland 2,324 257,429 232.50 48.13 Sep 2024
 Singapore 2,153 356,645 383.29 112.96 Sep 2024
 Hong Kong 1,925 255,645 456.21 55.12 Sep 2024
 Australia 1,892 71,698 103.69 20.07 Sep 2024
 Belgium 1,653 139,901 239.72 51.72 Sep 2024
 Sweden 980 105,643 175.10 47.90 Dec 2024
 Mexico 880 6,784 43.64 18.10 -  Austria 756 82,174 135.16 42.13 Sep 2024
 Norway 733 132,849 147.62 45.21 Dec 2024
 India 712 2,504 16.66 4.63 Sep 2024
 Finland 687 121,797 214.62 86.71 Sep 2024
 South Korea 670 13,722 36.09 7.10 Dec 2024
 Greece 618 59,398 232.97 69.41 Sep 2024
 Denmark 590 98,416 136.45 31.56 Sep 2024
 Brazil 575 7,056 63.91 32.19 Dec 2022
 Turkey 526 6,138 36.13 50.51 Sep 2024
 Poland 467 12,459 51.04 29.35 Sep 2024
 Portugal 434 42,911 142.70 34.48 Dec 2024
 Indonesia 425 1,501 28.41 13.02 Dec 2024
 Hungary 343 35,903 109.56 74.78 Sep 2024
 Malaysia 301 8,813 61.65 44.40 Dec 2024
 Cyprus 291 301,614 837.83 267.41 Sep 2024
 Russia 290 1,989 13.23 6.62 Dec 2024
 Argentina 283 6,007 46.80 67.32 Sep 2024
 Saudi Arabia 264 8,183 23.87 11.64 -  Chile 247 12,292 68.16 31.69 Jan 2025
 New Zealand 246 45,997 93.71 17.28 Sep 2024
 Czechia 226 20,704 62.63 29.30 Sep 2024
 United Arab Emirates 220 20,639 38.76 17.75 Dec 2016[5]
 Taiwan 220 9,084 26.10 3.92 Dec 2024
 Malta 207 368,190 912.41 357.68 Sep 2024
 Colombia 202 3,809 47.87 35.59 Dec 2024
 Thailand 201 3,047 36.84 14.14 Sep 2024
 Qatar 195 68,059 80.97 47.79 2018
 Mauritius 189 150,096 1,156 278.01 Dec 2024
 Ukraine 172 5,209 90.44 25.29 Sep 2024
 Romania 169 8,310 39.00 23.75 Apr 2023
 Puerto Rico 167 51,634 142.15 -  Kazakhstan 166 8,176 54.09 23.03 Sep 2024
 South Africa 164 2,600 39.19 17.69 Jun 2024
 Egypt 155 1,465 44.88 12.43 Sep 2024
 Israel 147 14,666 26.69 10.75 Sep 2024
 Slovakia 145 26,732 95.01 53.66 Sep 2024
 Philippines 140 1,223 27.51 13.81 Sep 2024
 Vietnam 139 1,372 27.46 13.68 2023
 Pakistan 131 543 33.34 19.33 Dec 2024
 Venezuela 110 3,878 100.18 Mar 2019
 Bangladesh 104 611 21.54 9.62 Jun 2024
 Peru 102 2,550 30.55 16.63 Dec 2022
 Morocco 64.8 1,759 38.42 18.67 Dec 2022
 Uzbekistan 64.1 1,729 55.70 Dec 2024[6]
 Lithuania 62.8 21,744 75.90 42.75 Sep 2024
 Sudan 62.4 1,237 202.12 283.64 2021
 Kuwait 62.1 12,638 38.34 11.01 Sep 2024
 Slovenia 60.7 28,494 82.88 32.27 Apr 2023
 Ecuador 57.7 3,404 45.89 22.61 Dec 2024
 Sri Lanka 56.6 2,582 75.61 15.75 Sep 2024
 Oman 54.0 10,244 48.54 28.59 -  Serbia 54.0 8,179 65.45 29.05 Sep 2024
 Croatia 52.9 13,694 55.04 22.98 Dec 2022
 Bulgaria 50.7 7,872 43.92 19.67 Dec 2024
 Uruguay 47.8 13,671 57.91 22.05 Sep 2024
 Panama 44.2 10,873 48.17 29.46 Jan 2025
 Nigeria 43.0 192 21.54 6.16 Sep 2024
 Tunisia 42.6 3,580 80.86 24.05 Sep 2024
 Jordan 42.3 3,603 79.32 17.99 Jun 2024
 Estonia 41.7 30,426 96.79 50.81 Sep 2024
 Latvia 41.2 23,782 96.81 31.25 Dec 2024
 Kenya 40.2 766 34.42 9.23 Sep 2024
 Bahrain 39.4 24,813 82.45 33.98 -  Angola 37.7 1,073 31.84 68.55 Dec 2016[7]
 Mongolia 37.1 10,591 169.15 247.45 Dec 2024
 Ivory Coast 36.5 1,244 42.01 2023
 Belarus 36.4 3,976 49.78 14.28 Sep 2024
 Lebanon 34.6 6,301 158.82 10.03 Jun 2024
 Ghana 27.9 846 37.06 24.92 Oct 2024
 Cuba 26.3 2,373 17.88 Dec 2016[8]
 Dominican Republic 26.1 2,418 19.22 Dec 2016[9]
 Ethiopia 25.4 232 10.66 8.48 25 Jan 2024[10]
 Georgia 25.3 6,850 76.25 55.02 Sep 2024
 Costa Rica 24.9 4,691 24.74 11.81 Dec 2016[11]
 Iceland 23.6 64,941 76.83 19.61 Dec 2024
 Zambia 23.1 1,180 77.49 85.73 Sep 2024
 Iraq 22.6 509 8.34 Dec 2023[12]
 Papua New Guinea 22.0 1,871 69.49 51.26 Dec 2016[13]
 Paraguay 21.8 3,562 48.43 32.00 Sep 2022
 Trinidad and Tobago 21.5 15,736 75.91 42.22 Dec 2016[14]
 Cambodia 21.0 1,209 40.96 32.74 Sep 2024
 Guatemala 19.1 1,070 15.78 Dec 2016[15]
 Bahamas 17.6 44,102 122.03 109.75 Dec 2013[16]
 Jamaica 16.8 5,931 83.39 37.24 Dec 2016[17]
 Monaco 16.5 430,057 187.84 -  Tanzania 15.9 257 19.90 10.96 Dec 2016[18]
 Bolivia 15.3 1,349 31.68 14.54 Sep 2024
 El Salvador 14.9 2,471 41.56 Dec 2016[19]
 North Macedonia 12.7 6,961 80.09 Jun 2024
 Myanmar 12.2 237 18.92 4.30 2023
 Kyrgyzstan 11.7 1,628 73.92 46.63 Sep 2024
 Albania 11.1 4,641 43.84 14.48 Sep 2024
 Nicaragua 11.1 1,631 58.95 16.09 Dec 2016[20]
 Zimbabwe 10.9 651 30.35 15.35 Dec 2016[21]
   Nepal 10.5 361 24.09 11.69 Sep 2024
 Mozambique 10.3 310 44.80 64.32 2023
 Laos 10.3 1,359 67.50 29.29 2023
 Moldova 10.2 4,198 55.42 15.65 Sep 2024
 Montenegro 8.617 7,047 54.87 12.21 2023
 Honduras 8.040 813 21.89 Dec 2016[22]
 Cameroon 7.380 256 13.81 16.03 Dec 2016[23]
 Yemen 7.192 223 42.45 Jan 2015
 Namibia 6.520 2,156 51.04 21.02 Dec 2016[24]
 Armenia 6.454 2,098 25.40 13.73 Dec 2024
 Tajikistan 6.347 618 48.82 25.39 Sep 2024
 Iran 6.282 73 1.31 0.21 2023
 Uganda 6.240 136 11.23 12.74 Dec 2016[25]
 Senegal 6.190 341 18.36 15.09 Dec 2016[26]
 Syria 5.920 240 31.83 32.88 Dec 2016[27]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 5.330 49 7.35 7.51 Dec 2016[28]
 Somalia 5.300 279 41.39 Dec 2013[29]
 Azerbaijan 5.299 519 7.00 3.38 Sep 2024
 Gabon 5.160 2,142 24.55 22.43 Dec 2016[30]
 North Korea 5.000 193 32.95 2013[31]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.956 1,518 17.04 5.70 Sep 2024
 Republic of the Congo 4.820 784 31.08 80.28 Dec 2016[32]
 Algeria 4.760 100 1.79 1.04 2023[33]
 Barbados 4.490 16,766 65.42 28.06 2010[34]
 Kosovo 4.432 2,795 39.15 Sep 2024
 Madagascar 4.010 130 24.34 13.36 Dec 2016[35]
 Mali 3.630 162 16.74 16.48 Dec 2016[36]
 Mauritania 3.590 728 33.73 59.75 Dec 2016[37]
 Libya 3.530 478 7.88 8.02 Dec 2016[38]
 Burkina Faso 3.090 132 14.12 19.32 Dec 2016[39]
 Malawi 2.813 95 17.09 8.73 2021
 Niger 2.730 104 14.50 20.99 Dec 2016[40]
 Seychelles 2.550 21,029 115.84 63.80 Dec 2016[41]
 Rwanda 2.440 177 17.82 8.72 Dec 2016[42]
 Bermuda (UK) 2.440 38,014 31.11 2015[43]
 Benin 2.340 181 10.95 15.60 Dec 2016[44]
 Bhutan 2.260 2,909 72.70 Dec 2016[45]
 Haiti 2.020 163 8.41 40.44 Dec 2016[46]
 South Sudan 1.920 126 29.44 2017[47]
 Chad 1.880 100 10.03 18.75 Dec 2016[48]
 Cape Verde 1.660 3,379 61.07 Dec 2016[49]
 Sierra Leone 1.560 176 34.25 39.02 Dec 2016[50]
 Palestine 1.535 280 8.25 0.27 Dec 2018
 Botswana 1.432 594 6.69 5.30 2023
 Equatorial Guinea 1.360 875 12.74 6.82 Dec 2016[51]
 Djibouti 1.340 1,255 30.68 66.95 Dec 2016[52]
 Guinea 1.330 93 5.23 7.40 Dec 2016[42]
 Belize 1.330 3,229 40.26 44.23 Dec 2016[51]
 Afghanistan 1.280 30 8.85 3.12 2011[53]
 Suriname 1.240 2,003 28.48 61.75 Dec 2016[54]
 Togo 1.170 145 11.93 19.55 Dec 2016[55]
 Guyana 1.140 1,479 5.40 19.05 Dec 2015[56]
 Andorra 1.110 12,736 28.53 2014[57]
 Liberia 1.110 212 23.37 7.94 Dec 2016[58]
 Guinea-Bissau 1.100 615 50.91 54.75 Dec 2010[59]
 Lesotho 0.949 411 39.62 47.44 Dec 2016[60]
 Faroe Islands (Denmark) 0.889 16,236 38.00 2010[61]
 Fiji 0.833 925 14.37 6.94 Dec 2016[62]
 Eritrea 0.820 232 34.42 16.40 Dec 2016[63]
 Maldives 0.742 1,440 10.30 7.42 2014[64]
 Burundi 0.705 55 23.07 17.63 Dec 2016[65]
 Aruba 0.693 6,444 17.04 Dec 2014[66]
 Central African Republic 0.687 106 24.44 34.34 Dec 2016[67]
 Grenada 0.679 6,031 48.29 2013[68]
 Gambia 0.542 224 20.11 18.06 Dec 2016[69]
 Saint Lucia 0.513 2,788 19.88 Dec 2016[70]
 Cayman Islands (UK) 0.503 6891 1.20 Sep 2024[71]
 Turkmenistan 0.503 71 0.60 0.64 Dec 2016[72]
 Solomon Islands 0.492 655 28.79 Dec 2013[73]
 Eswatini 0.471 381 9.25 Dec 2016[74]
 Samoa 0.447 2,176 43.67 Dec 2013[75]
 Antigua and Barbuda 0.441 4,259 20.74 Dec 2012[76]
 San Marino 0.352 10,339 17.31 2016[77]
 Brunei 0.340 754 2.12 2.83 2017[78]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.321 2,897 28.47 Dec 2016[79]
 Timor-Leste 0.312 227 15.64 7.79 Dec 2014[80]
 Dominica 0.289 4,281 40.76 Dec 2016[81]
 Cook Islands 0.281 18,697 23.00 Dec 2011[82]
 Sao Tome and Principe 0.237 1,036 31.49 Dec 2016[83]
 Tonga 0.233 2,327 40.12 Dec 2016[84]
 Palau 0.224 12,596 95.00 Sep 2021[85]
 Vanuatu 0.208 647 16.14 Dec 2016[86]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.188 3,654 16.53 Dec 2016[87]
 Comoros 0.133 153 9.37 6.66 Dec 2016[88]
 New Caledonia (France) 0.112 417 1.16 Dec 2013[89]
 Marshall Islands 0.098 2,309 32.12 2013[90]
 Micronesia 0.094 885 19.34 2013[91]
 Anguilla (UK) 0.048 3,288 15.83 Dec 2024[92]
 Greenland (Denmark) 0.036 644 2010[93]
 Nauru 0.033 2,851 20.68 2004[94]
 British Virgin Islands (UK) 0.018 560 2.00 Dec 2016[95]
 Tuvalu 0.015 1,386 22.42 2017[96]
 Kiribati 0.014 113 4.11 2013[97]
 Wallis and Futuna (France) 0.004 316 6.00 2004[98]
 Montserrat (UK) 0.001 237 2.00 Dec 2011[99]
 Niue (New Zealand) 0.000 0 0.00 27 Oct 2016[100]

World Bank

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List of countries by external debt (World Bank, 2023)
Country External debt stocks
(Nominal) 		Present value of
external debt 		Present value to
nominal ratio (%)
Total
(millions)[101] 		% of GNI[102] Total
(millions)[103] 		% of GNI[104]
 China 2,420,211 13.7 488,114 2.8 20.2
 India 646,787 18.4 212,728 6.1 32.9
 Brazil 607,115 28.8 198,582 9.4 32.7
 Mexico 595,918 34.2 306,307 17.6 51.4
 Turkey 499,842 45.2 149,654 13.5 29.9
 Indonesia 406,054 30.4 225,273 16.9 55.5
 Argentina 266,167 42.1 74,362 11.8 27.9
 Colombia 197,505 54.9 108,027 30.0 54.7
 Thailand 193,626 38.5 37,065 7.4 19.1
 Ukraine 176,645 96.1 90,003 49.0 51.0
 Egypt 168,062 44.4 117,272 31.0 69.8
 South Africa 165,787 44.1 93,879 25.0 56.6
 Kazakhstan 163,155 69.0 25,765 10.9 15.8
 Vietnam 141,850 34.8 34,426 8.5 24.3
 Pakistan 130,847 39.4 89,148 26.8 68.1
 Philippines 121,402 25.0 63,241 13.0 52.1
 Nigeria 102,482 29.0 45,009 12.8 43.9
 Bangladesh 101,447 22.3 58,020 12.8 57.2
 Peru 90,068 35.5 38,102 15.0 42.3
 Morocco 69,267 48.7 42,262 29.7 61.0
 Mozambique 66,848 349.7 8,274 43.3 12.4
 Lebanon 66,296 332.8 41,936 — 63.3
 Sri Lanka 61,706 75.6 42,198 51.7 68.4
 Ecuador 60,564 52.1 39,658 34.1 65.5
 Uzbekistan 59,184 58.7 25,714 25.5 43.4
 Angola 57,032 74.3 45,299 59.0 79.4
 Dominican Republic 52,257 45.0 35,044 30.2 67.1
 Serbia 49,000 63.5 21,726 28.2 44.3
 Jordan 44,630 88.4 21,058 41.7 47.2
 Ghana 43,742 58.0 29,241 38.8 66.8
 Kenya 42,910 40.4 31,451 29.6 73.3
 Tunisia 41,279 87.4 21,212 44.9 51.4
 Senegal 39,950 134.0 14,985 50.3 37.5
 Costa Rica 39,025 48.5 15,574 19.4 39.9
 Belarus 36,705 52.9 18,010 26.0 49.1
 Cote d'Ivoire 36,548 48.3 26,576 35.1 72.7
 Tanzania 34,598 44.6 17,513 22.6 50.6
 Mongolia 34,321 189.7 8,379 46.3 24.4
 Ethiopia 33,290 20.4 25,426 15.6 76.4
 Zambia 29,029 110.5 16,597 63.2 57.2
 Paraguay 26,135 62.8 13,783 33.1 52.7
 Guatemala 25,365 24.7 11,862 11.6 46.8
 Georgia 24,468 86.2 9,085 32.0 37.1
 El Salvador 22,742 71.3 12,668 39.7 55.7
 Sudan 22,581 20.9 21,650 20.0 95.9
 Cambodia 22,534 54.5 8,019 19.4 35.6
 Laos 20,350 138.6 9,619 65.5 47.3
 Iraq 20,331 8.1 15,580 6.2 76.6
 Uganda 19,393 40.6 10,469 21.9 54.0
 Mauritius 19,252 128.3 3,632 24.2 18.9
 Bolivia 16,307 37.2 11,174 25.5 68.5
 Armenia 15,839 67.6 6,002 25.6 37.9
 Jamaica 15,349 80.2 9,636 50.4 62.8
 Cameroon 15,332 31.7 11,112 23.0 72.5
 Papua New Guinea 15,321 53.2 7,011 24.3 45.8
 Nicaragua 15,163 89.5 6,753 39.9 44.5
 Azerbaijan 14,533 21.0 12,378 17.9 85.2
 Zimbabwe 14,213 40.8 6,671 19.2 46.9
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 14,010 51.2 5,359 19.6 38.3
 Honduras 12,821 40.2 7,785 24.4 60.7
 North Macedonia 12,614 84.3 5,637 37.7 44.7
 Benin 12,483 64.1 6,309 32.4 50.5
 Myanmar 12,162 18.6 8,748 13.4 71.9
 Rwanda 11,384 82.4 5,531 40.0 48.6
 Albania 11,364 48.9 5,363 23.1 47.2
 DR Congo 11,067 17.2 7,926 12.3 71.6
 Moldova 10,639 63.3 2,637 15.7 24.8
 Burkina Faso 10,397 53.4 3,565 18.3 34.3
 Kyrgyzstan 10,115 73.3 3,617 26.2 35.8
   Nepal 9,969 24.1 5,719 13.8 57.4
 Iran 9,901 2.4 6,759 1.7 68.3
 Montenegro 8,617 113.3 3,643 47.9 42.3
 Congo 7,779 53.5 6,360 43.7 81.8
 Gabon 7,588 41.2 6,442 35.0 84.9
 Algeria 7,315 3.0 4,764 2.0 65.1
 Yemen 7,283 — 6,492 — 89.1
 Tajikistan 6,873 45.4 3,024 20.0 44.0
 Mali 6,457 32.8 4,085 20.7 63.3
 Madagascar 6,452 41.8 3,548 23.0 55.0
 Niger 5,613 34.7 3,793 23.4 67.6
 Guinea 5,164 25.5 3,764 18.6 72.9
 Syria 4,876 21.3 4,573 — 93.8
 Mauritania 4,604 43.2 3,072 28.8 66.7
 Kosovo 4,242 39.7 786 7.4 18.5
 Suriname 4,048 129.1 2,645 84.4 65.3
 Maldives 4,000 68.7 3,113 53.5 77.8
 Turkmenistan 3,918 6.5 3,696 6.1 94.3
 Malawi 3,604 29.2 2,269 18.4 63.0
 Djibouti 3,429 85.6 2,531 63.2 73.8
 Afghanistan 3,428 19.8 2,717 15.7 79.3
 Togo 3,375 36.6 1,923 20.9 57.0
 Fiji 3,348 65.3 1,397 27.2 41.7
 Bhutan 3,269 115.0 2,827 — 86.5
 Chad 3,214 24.8 2,286 17.6 71.1
 Somalia 3,023 27.7 2,563 23.5 84.8
 Guyana 2,953 28.3 1,805 17.3 61.1
 Haiti 2,638 13.3 1,865 9.4 70.7
 Cape Verde 2,451 97.9 1,385 55.3 56.5
 Sierra Leone 2,382 37.5 1,451 22.8 60.9
 Botswana 2,079 10.7 1,761 9.1 84.7
 Liberia 2,078 52.4 1,335 33.7 64.2
 Lesotho 1,776 68.9 928 36.0 52.3
 Belize 1,510 51.1 1,235 41.8 81.8
 Gambia 1,325 56.0 902 38.2 68.1
 Eswatini 1,241 30.0 923 22.3 74.4
 Guinea-Bissau 1,128 55.2 897 43.8 79.5
 Saint Lucia 1,086 49.0 901 40.7 83.0
 Burundi 1,043 39.4 805 30.4 77.2
 Central African Republic 1,021 37.7 724 26.8 70.9
 Grenada 727 58.9 501 40.6 68.9
 Eritrea 726 — 461 — 63.5
 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 629 59.4 457 43.2 72.7
 Dominica 598 91.2 301 45.9 50.3
 Solomon Islands 528 31.8 184 11.1 34.8
 Vanuatu 471 36.7 300 23.4 63.7
 Sao Tome and Principe 454 66.2 327 47.7 72.0
 Samoa 432 46.8 270 29.2 62.5
 Comoros 382 28.2 268 19.7 70.2
 East Timor 307 12.6 238 9.8 77.5
 Tonga 196 38.6 159 — 81.1

See also

References

  1. ↑ "External Debt | Economic Indicators | CEIC". https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/external-debt. 
  2. ↑ Shorrocks, Anthony; Davies, James; Lluberas, Rodrigo (2023). Global Wealth Databook 2023. UBS and Credit Suisse Research Institute. https://www.ubs.com/global/en/family-office-uhnw/reports/global-wealth-report-2023.html. Retrieved 2023-11-05. 
  3. ↑ "United States External Debt". https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/united-states/external-debt. 
  4. ↑ "National debt per capita in the United States from 1990 to 2023". https://www.statista.com/statistics/203064/national-debt-of-the-united-states-per-capita/. 
  5. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ae. 
  6. ↑ "Uzbekistan's Foreign Debt Climbs to $64.1 Billion in 2024 - The Times Of Central Asia" (in en-US). 2025-04-01. http://timesca.com/uzbekistans-foreign-debt-climbs-to-64-1-billion-in-2024/. 
  7. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ao. 
  8. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cu. 
  9. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#dr. 
  10. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#et. 
  11. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cs. 
  12. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#iz. 
  13. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pp. 
  14. ↑ "Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago". http://www.central-bank.org.tt/content/debt-annual. 
  15. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gt. 
  16. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ps. 
  17. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#jm. 
  18. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tz. 
  19. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#es. 
  20. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nu. 
  21. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#zi. 
  22. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ho. 
  23. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cm. 
  24. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wa. 
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  27. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sy. 
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  29. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#so. 
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  32. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#cf. 
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  34. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bb. 
  35. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ma. 
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  38. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ly. 
  39. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#uv. 
  40. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ng. 
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  46. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ha. 
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  55. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#to. 
  56. ↑ "Caribbean Development Bank". http://www.caribank.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CountryStrategyPaper_Guyana_2017-2020.pdf. 
  57. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/#economy. 
  58. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#li. 
  59. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#pu. 
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  70. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#st. 
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  73. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#bp. 
  74. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wz. 
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  76. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#ac. 
  77. ↑ "San Marino National Debt 2016" (in en). https://countryeconomy.com/national-debt/san-marino. 
  78. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/#economy. 
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  80. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tt. 
  81. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#do. 
  82. ↑ "Asian Development Bank". Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/cobp-coo-2015-2017-strategic-analysis.pdf. 
  83. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#tp. 
  84. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#en. 
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  86. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nh. 
  87. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#sc. 
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  91. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#fm. 
  92. ↑ "Government of Anguilla Public Debt Quarterly Bulletin FY 2024 Quarter 4 (October - December)". https://www.gov.ai/document/2025-03-28-020124_906891745.pdf. 
  93. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#gl. 
  94. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#nr. 
  95. ↑ "Government of the Virgin Islands". http://www.bvi.gov.vg/statistics. 
  96. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/#economy. 
  97. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#kr. 
  98. ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html#wf. 
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  101. ↑ "External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$)". https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.DOD.DECT.CD. 
  102. ↑ "External debt stocks (% of GNI)". https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS. 
  103. ↑ "Present value of external debt (current US$)". https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.DOD.PVLX.CD. 
  104. ↑ "External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$)". https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.DOD.PVLX.GN.ZS. 



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