Finance:Netherlands Antillean guilder

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Short description: Currency of Curaçao and Sint Maarten
Netherlands Antillean guilder
Antilliaanse gulden (Dutch)
Netherlands Antilles 10 gulden bill.jpg 100NAFl.jpg
Modern 10 guilder note, in circulation 2009Modern 100 guilder note, in circulation 2009
ISO 4217
CodeANG (numeric: 532)
Subunit0.01
Unit
Pluralguilders
SymbolNAƒ, NAf, ƒ or f
Denominations
Subunit
 ​1100cent
Plural
centcents
Banknotes
 Freq. usedƒ10, ƒ25, ƒ50, ƒ100
Coins1, 5, 10, 25, 50 cent, ƒ1, ​ƒ2 12, ƒ5
Demographics
User(s)Template:CUW and

Template:SXM

until 2025

 Netherlands Antilles

until 10 October 2010

Template:BES

until 1 January 2011
Issuance
Central bankCentral Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten
 Websitewww.centralbank.cw
PrinterJoh. Enschedé
 Websitewww.joh-enschede.nl
Valuation
Inflation3.6%
 SourceBank van de Nederlandse Antillen, 2006 Q1
 MethodCPI
Pegged withUnited States dollar = ƒ1.79

The Netherlands Antillean guilder (Dutch: gulden) is the currency of Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which until 2010 formed the Netherlands Antilles along with Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius. It is subdivided into 100 cents (Dutch plural: centen). The guilder was replaced on 1 January 2011 on the islands of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius by the United States dollar .[1]

In Curaçao and Sint Maarten, a new currency, the Caribbean guilder, has been proposed,[1][2] but has been stalled indefinitely by negotiations over the establishment of a separate central bank for Curaçao.[3] In November 2020, the Central Bank announced the introduction of the replacement guilder, which was planned for implementation in the first half of 2021;[4] however, release of the new currency has been delayed several times.

Naming

In Papiamentu, the local language of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao, the guilder is called a "florin".[5] The ISO-4217 code, ANG, is derived from ANtilliaanse Gulden, while the currency symbol, NAFl, is derived from Netherlands Antilles Florin.[citation needed]

History

In the 18th century, the Dutch guilder circulated in the Netherlands Antilles. This was supplemented in 1794 by an issue of coins specific for the Dutch holdings in the West Indies. At this time, the guilder was subdivided into 20 stuiver.

Between 1799 and 1828, the reaal circulated on the islands, with 1 reaal = 6 stuiver or ​3 13 reaal = 1 guilder. The Dutch guilder was reintroduced in 1828, subdivided into 100 cents. When currency began again to be issued specifically for use in the Netherlands Antilles, it was issued in the name of Curaçao, with the first banknotes and coins, denominated in the Dutch currency, introduced in 1892 and 1900, respectively. The name "Netherlands Antilles" (Nederlandse Antillen) was introduced in 1952.

In 1940, following the German occupation of the Netherlands, the link to the Dutch currency was broken, with a peg to the United States dollar of 1.88585 guilders = 1 dollar established. The peg was adjusted to 1.79 guilders = 1 dollar in 1971.

In 1986, Aruba gained a status aparte and left the Netherlands Antilles. Shortly after that, Aruba began to issue its own currency, the Aruban florin, which replaced the Netherlands Antillean guilder at par.

In 2011, a year after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius switched to the United States dollar, and the Netherlands Antillean guilder ceased to be legal tender in those territories.

Curaçao and Sint Maarten intended to replace their currency, ceasing production thereof, but (As of December 2020), these territories still use the Antillean guilder. Current banknotes and coins now require replacement,[6] and only two years of Antilles guilder physical currency remaining for use. There has been talk that the islands could opt for the euro or possibly the US dollar in lieu of implementing their own new currency.[7]

In November 2019, Curaçao Finance Minister Kenneth Gijsbertha confirmed the introduction of the Caribbean guilder,[8] and the Central Bank announced the same a year later.[4]

By August 2021, it was reported that the new guilder was expected to launch in either 2023 or 2024.[9] In September 2022, however, CBCS announced an introduction date of 2024.[10] Then in July 2023, release was postponed to 2025 at the latest.[11]

Coins

A one cent coin from 1998.

In 1794, silver coins were issued for use in the Dutch West Indies in denominations of 2 stuiver, ​14, 1, and 3 guilders. The Dutch guilder was reintroduced in 1828, and some 1 guilder coins were cut into quarters and stamped with a "C" in 1838 to produce ​14-guilder coins.

In 1900 and 1901, silver ​110 and ​14-guilder coins were introduced, which circulated alongside Dutch coins. Following the German occupation of the Netherlands and the separation of the Netherlands Antillean currency from the Dutch, a bronze 1-cent coin was introduced in 1942, followed by a cupro-nickel 5-cent coin in 1943. Bronze ​2 12 cent and silver 1 and ​2 12 guilders were introduced in 1944. The coinage of 1941–44 was minted in the United States and carried "P" or "D" mintmarks, and for most denominations a small palm tree. This money was also intended for use in Suriname. The alternate Dutch names for some of these coins are: 5 cent—stuiver; 10 cent—dubbeltje; 25 cent—kwartje; and ​2 12 guilders—rijksdaalder.

From 1952, the name "Nederlandse Antillen" appeared on the coins. In 1970, nickel replaced silver, although the ​2 12-guilder coin was not reintroduced until 1978. Aluminium 1 and ​2 12 cents were introduced in 1979. In 1989, aluminium 1 and 5 cents, nickel-bonded-steel 10 and 25 cents, and aureate-steel 50 cents, 1 and ​2 12 guilders were introduced. Aureate-steel 5-guilder coins followed in 1998.

Na5guilder.png Na5guilderobverse.png The five-guilder coin is produced from aureate steel. The spots on the obverse are the result of corrosion, and are not a typical feature of the coin. Octagonal ridges are built into the face to help distinguish it from the similar one-guilder coin. The obverse features Beatrix of the Netherlands, while the reverse has the coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles.
Na1guilder.png Na1guilderobverse.png The one-guilder coin is produced from aureate steel. The obverse features Beatrix of the Netherlands, while the reverse has the coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles.
Na50cent.png Na50centobverse.png The 50-cent coin is diamond-shaped. It is the only modern Antillean coin in this form, but an earlier version of the five-cent piece was also in this shape.

Banknotes

In 1892, the Curaçaosche Bank introduced notes in denominations of 25 and 50 cents, 1 and ​2 12 guilders. This was the only issue of the cent denominations. Notes for 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 guilders followed in 1900. The 1 and ​2 12 guilder notes were suspended after 1920 but reintroduced by the government in 1942 as muntbiljet.

From 1954, the name "Nederlandse Antillen" appeared on the reverse of the notes of the Curaçaosche Bank and, from 1955, the muntbiljet (​2 12 guilders only) was issued in the name of the Nederlandse Antillen. In 1962, the bank's name was changed to the Bank van de Nederlandse Antillen. Starting in 1969, notes dated 28 AUGUSTUS 1967 began to be introduced. The front of these notes all feature the Statuut monument at front left instead of the allegorical seated woman found on the preceding issues, and on the back there is a new coat of arms.[12] In 1970, a final issue of muntbiljet was made in denominations of both 1 and ​2 12 guilders. The 500 guilder note was not issued after 1962. The 5 and the 250 guilder notes were not issued after 1998. The 5 guilder was replaced with a coin.

Netherlands Antilles 10 gulden bill.jpg 25NAFl.jpg 50NAFl.jpg 100NAFl.jpg
The 10 guilder note is illustrated with a hummingbird. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the hummingbird, and an orange moiré pattern contrasting with the green note. The 25 guilder note is illustrated with a Caribbean flamingo. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the flamingo, and a green moiré pattern contrasting with the pink note. The 50 guilder note has an rufous-collared sparrow on the face. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the sparrow, and a green moiré pattern contrasting with the orange note. The 100 guilder note has a bananaquit on the face. Security features include a surface foil tag, an embedded hologram under the bananaquit, and a green moiré pattern contrasting with the brown note.


See also

  • Economy of the Netherlands Antilles
  • Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 (in Dutch) Rijksoverheid.nl – Wat is er veranderd sinds de staatkundige herindeling van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden?
  2. "Antilliaanse gulden wordt aangehouden in 2012" (in nl). dushi-curacao.info. 14 September 2011. http://www.dushi-curacao.info/archive-2011/antilliaanse-gulden-wordt-aangehouden-in-2012.html. 
  3. "Jardim: Research Monetary Union Is Not A Priority". Curaçao Chronicle. 15 July 2015. http://curacaochronicle.com/main/jardim-research-monetary-union-is-not-a-priority/. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 "Central Bank announces introduction of Caribbean Guilder in 2021". StMaartenNews.com. 15 November 2020. https://stmaartennews.com/news/central-bank-announces-introduction-of-caribbean-guilder-in-2021/. 
  5. Ratzlaff, Betty. Papiamentu/Ingles Dikshonario, second print, pg. 81, ISBN:99904-0-030-X
  6. "Banknotes and coins should soon be replaced". Curaçao Chronicle. 15 February 2016. http://curacaochronicle.com/economy/banknotes-and-coins-should-soon-be-replaced/. 
  7. "Only two years worth of Antillean guilders left". The Daily Herald. 13 June 2018. https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/77595-only-two-years-worth-of-antillean-guilders-left. 
  8. "Caribbean guilder becomes reality". Curaçao Chronicle. 14 November 2019. https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/caribbean-guilder-becomes-reality/. 
  9. "Doornbosch: 'Curaçao economy for 80 percent of foreign exchange reserves and Sint Maarten 20 percent'". Curaçao Chronicle. 17 August 2021. https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/doornbosch-curacao-economy-for-80-percent-of-foreign-exchange-reserves-and-sint-maarten-20-percent/. 
  10. "CBCS moves ahead with the Introduction of the Caribbean Guilder" (PDF). Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten (Press release). 5 September 2022.
  11. "Introduction of Caribbean Guilder delayed again, possibly pushed to 2025". Curaçao Chronicle. 13 July 2023. https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/introduction-of-caribbean-guilder-delayed-again-possibly-pushed-to-2025/. 
  12. Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Netherlands Antilles". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com. http://www.banknotebook.com. 

References

External links