HandWiki:HelpChemicalEquations

Chemical Equations (ce)

Note: This wiki reproduces the original source [1].

입력	출력
<chem>CO2 + C -> 2 CO</chem>	$\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_2+\mathrm{C}⟶2\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}$
<chem>Hg^2+ ->[I-] HgI2 ->[I-] [Hg^{II}I4]^2-</chem>	$\mathrm{H}\mathrm{g}{\phantom{A}}^{2+}\stackrel{\mathrm{I}{\phantom{A}}^{-}}{\to }\mathrm{H}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{I}{\phantom{A}}_2\stackrel{\mathrm{I}{\phantom{A}}^{-}}{\to }[\mathrm{H}\mathrm{g}{\phantom{A}}^{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}}\mathrm{I}{\phantom{A}}_4]{\phantom{A}}^{2-}$

Chemical Formulae

입력	출력
<chem>H2O</chem>	$\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>Sb2O3</chem>	$\mathrm{S}\mathrm{b}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_3$

Charges

입력	출력
<chem>H+</chem>	$\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}^{+}$
<chem>CrO4^2-</chem>	$\mathrm{C}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4{\phantom{A}}^{2-}$
<chem>[AgCl2]-</chem>	$[\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\phantom{A}}_2]{\phantom{A}}^{-}$
<chem>Y^99+</chem>	$\mathrm{Y}{\phantom{A}}^{99+}$
<chem>Y^{99+}</chem>	$\mathrm{Y}{\phantom{A}}^{99+}$

Stoichiometric Numbers

입력	출력
<chem>2 H2O</chem>	$2\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>2H2O</chem>	$2\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>0.5 H2O</chem>	$0.5\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>1/2 H2O</chem>	$\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>(1/2) H2O</chem>	$(1/2)\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>$n$ H2O</chem>	$n\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Isotopes

입력	출력
<chem>^{227}_{90}Th+</chem>	${\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{90}}^{\phantom{227}}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{2}90}^{\phantom{2}227}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{h}{\phantom{A}}^{+}$
<chem>^227_90Th+</chem>	${\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{90}}^{\phantom{227}}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{2}90}^{\phantom{2}227}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{h}{\phantom{A}}^{+}$
<chem>^{0}_{-1}n^{-}</chem>	${\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{-1}}^{\phantom{0}}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{2}-1}^{\phantom{2}0}\mathrm{n}{\phantom{A}}^{-}$
<chem>^0_-1n-</chem>	${\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{-1}}^{\phantom{0}}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{2}-1}^{\phantom{2}0}\mathrm{n}{\phantom{A}}^{-}$
<chem>H{}^3HO</chem>	$\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{}}^{\phantom{3}}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{2}}^{\phantom{2}3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}$
<chem>H^3HO</chem>	$\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{}}^{\phantom{3}}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{2}}^{\phantom{2}3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}$

Reaction Arrows

입력	출력
<chem>A -> B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}⟶\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A <- B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}⟵\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A <-> B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}⟷\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A <--> B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\stackrel{⟶}{⟵}\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A <=> B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\stackrel{-\rightharpoonup }{\leftharpoondown -}\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A <=>> B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\stackrel{-\rightharpoonup }{\leftharpoondown }\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A <<=> B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\stackrel{\phantom{-}\rightharpoonup }{\leftharpoondown -}\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A ->[H2O] B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\stackrel{\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}}{\to }\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A ->[{text above}][{text below}] B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\underset{\text{text below}}{\overset{\text{text above}}{\to }}\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A ->[$x$][$x_i$] B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\underset{x_i}{\overset{x}{\to }}\mathrm{B}$

Parentheses, Brackets, Braces

입력	출력
<chem>(NH4)2S</chem>	$(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_4){\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{S}$
<chem>[\{(X2)3\}2]^3+</chem>	$[\{(\mathrm{X}{\phantom{A}}_2){\phantom{A}}_3\}{\phantom{A}}_2]{\phantom{A}}^{3+}$
<chem>CH4 + 2 $\left( \ce{O2 + 79/21 N2} \right)$</chem>	$\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_4+2(\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_2+\frac{79}{21}\mathrm{N}{\phantom{A}}_2)$

States of Aggregation (not fully supported by LaTeX/mhchem yet)

입력	출력
<chem>H2(aq)</chem>	$\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$
<chem>CO3^2-_{(aq)}</chem>	$\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_3{\phantom{A}}^{2-}{\phantom{A}}_{(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})}$
<chem>NaOH(aq,$\infty$)</chem>	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q},\mathrm{\infty })$

Crystal Systems (not fully supported by LaTeX/mhchem yet)

입력	출력
<chem>ZnS($c$)</chem>	$\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{S}(c)$
<chem>ZnS(\ca$c$)</chem>	$\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{S}(\sim c)$

Variables like __*x*, *n*, 2*n*+1__

입력	출력
<chem>NO_x</chem>	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_x$
<chem>Fe^n+</chem>	$\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}{\phantom{A}}^{n+}$
<chem>x Na(NH4)HPO4 ->[\Delta] (NaPO3)_x + x NH3 ^ + x H2O</chem>	$x\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_4)\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4\stackrel{\mathrm{\Delta }}{\to }(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_3){\phantom{A}}_x+x\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_3\uparrow +x\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Greek Characters

입력	출력
<chem>\mu-Cl</chem>	$\mathrm{\mu }\text{-}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$
<chem>[Pt(\eta^2-C2H4)Cl3]-</chem>	$[\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}(\mathrm{\eta }{\phantom{A}}^2\text{-}\mathrm{C}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_4)\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\phantom{A}}_3]{\phantom{A}}^{-}$
<chem>\beta +</chem>	$\mathrm{\beta }{\phantom{A}}^{+}$
<chem>^40_18Ar + \gamma{} + \nu_e</chem>	${\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{18}}^{\phantom{40}}{\phantom{A}}_{\phantom{2}18}^{\phantom{2}40}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{r}+\mathrm{\gamma }+\mathrm{\nu }{\phantom{A}}_e$

(Italic) Math

입력	출력
<chem>NaOH(aq,$\infty$)</chem>	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q},\mathrm{\infty })$
<chem>Fe(CN)_{$\frac{6}{2}$}</chem>	$\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{N}){\phantom{A}}_{\frac{6}{2}}$
<chem>X_{$i$}^{$x$}</chem>	$\mathrm{X}{\phantom{A}}_i{\phantom{A}}^x$
<chem>X_$i$^$x$</chem>	$\mathrm{X}{\phantom{A}}_i{\phantom{A}}^x$

Italic Text

입력	출력
<chem>$cis${-}[PtCl2(NH3)2]</chem>	$cis\text{-}[\mathrm{P}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\phantom{A}}_2(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_3){\phantom{A}}_2]$
<chem>CuS($hP12$)</chem>	$\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{S}(hP12)$

Upright Text, Escape Parsing

입력	출력
<chem>{Gluconic Acid} + H2O2</chem>	$\text{Gluconic Acid}+\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_2$
<chem>X_{{red}}</chem>	$\mathrm{X}{\phantom{A}}_{\text{red}}$
<chem>{(+)}_589{-}[Co(en)3]Cl3</chem>	$\text{(+)}{\phantom{A}}_{589}\text{-}[\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}(\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}){\phantom{A}}_3]\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\phantom{A}}_3$

Bonds

입력	출력
<chem>C6H5-CHO</chem>	$\mathrm{C}{\phantom{A}}_6\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_5-\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}$
<chem>A-B=C#D</chem>	$\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}=\mathrm{C}\equiv \mathrm{D}$
<chem>A\bond{-}B\bond{=}C\bond{#}D</chem>	$\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}=\mathrm{C}\equiv \mathrm{D}$
<chem>A\bond{1}B\bond{2}C\bond{3}D</chem>	$\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}=\mathrm{C}\equiv \mathrm{D}$
<chem>A\bond{~}B\bond{~-}C</chem>	$\mathrm{A}—\mathrm{B}-—\mathrm{C}$
<chem>A\bond{~--}B\bond{~=}C\bond{-~-}D</chem>	$\mathrm{A}-—-\mathrm{B}-—-\mathrm{C}--—\mathrm{D}$
<chem>A\bond{...}B\bond{....}C</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\cdot \cdot \cdot \mathrm{B}\cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \mathrm{C}$
<chem>A\bond{->}B\bond{<-}C</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\to \mathrm{B}\leftarrow \mathrm{C}$

Addition Compounds

입력	출력
<chem>KCr(SO4)2*12H2O</chem>	$\mathrm{K}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{r}(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4){\phantom{A}}_2\cdot 12\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>KCr(SO4)2.12H2O</chem>	$\mathrm{K}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{r}(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4){\phantom{A}}_2\cdot 12\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$
<chem>KCr(SO4)2 * 12 H2O</chem>	$\mathrm{K}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{r}(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4){\phantom{A}}_2\cdot 12\mathrm{H}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}$

Oxidation States

입력	출력
<chem>Fe^{II}Fe^{III}2O4</chem>	$\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}{\phantom{A}}^{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}{\phantom{A}}^{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}}{\phantom{A}}_2\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4$

Unpaired Electrons, Radical Dots

입력	출력
<chem>OCO^{.-}</chem>	$\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}^{\bullet -}$
<chem>NO^{(2.)-}</chem>	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}^{(2\bullet )-}$

Kröger-Vink Notation (not supported by LaTeX/mhchem yet)

입력	출력
<chem>Li^x_{Li,1-2x}Mg^._{Li,x}$V$'_{Li,x}Cl^x_{Cl}</chem>	$\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i},1-2x}^{\times }\mathrm{M}\mathrm{g}{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i},x}^{\bullet }V{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i},x}^{\prime }\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}^{\times }$
<chem>O''_{i,x}</chem>	$\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{i},x}^{\prime \prime }$
<chem>M^{..}_i</chem>	$\mathrm{M}{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{i}}^{\bullet \bullet }$
<chem>$V$^{4'}_{Ti}</chem>	$V{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}}^{4\prime }$
<chem>V_{V,1}C_{C,0.8}$V$_{C,0.2}</chem>	$\mathrm{V}{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{V},1}\mathrm{C}{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{C},0.8}V{\phantom{A}}_{\mathrm{C},0.2}$

Equation Operators

입력	출력
<chem>A + B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}+\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A - B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A = B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}=\mathrm{B}$
<chem>A \pm B</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\pm \mathrm{B}$

Precipitate and Gas

입력	출력
<chem>SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v</chem>	$\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4{\phantom{A}}^{2-}+\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a}{\phantom{A}}^{2+}⟶\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}_4\downarrow$
<chem>A v B (v) -> B ^ B (^)</chem>	$\mathrm{A}\downarrow \mathrm{B}\downarrow ⟶\mathrm{B}\uparrow \mathrm{B}\uparrow$

Other Symbols and Shortcuts (not fully supported by LaTeX/mhchem yet)

입력	출력
<chem>NO^*</chem>	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}{\phantom{A}}^{*}$
<chem>1s^2-N</chem>	$1\mathrm{s}{\phantom{A}}^2\text{-}\mathrm{N}$
<chem>n-Pr</chem>	$n\text{-}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}$
<chem>iPr</chem>	$\mathrm{i}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}$
<chem>\ca Fe</chem>	$\sim \mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}$
<chem>A, B, C; F</chem>	$\mathrm{A},\mathrm{B},\mathrm{C};\mathrm{F}$

Complex Examples

입력	출력
<chem>Zn^2+ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{amphoteres Hydroxid}}{\ce{Zn(OH)2 v}}$ <=>[+ 2OH-][+ 2H+] $\underset{\text{Hydroxozikat}}{\ce{[Zn(OH)4]^2-}}$</chem>
<chem>$K = \frac{[\ce{Hg^2+}][\ce{Hg}]}{[\ce{Hg2^2+}]}$</chem>
<chem>$K = \ce{\frac{[Hg^2+][Hg]}{[Hg2^2+]}}$</chem>	$K=\frac{[\mathrm{H}\mathrm{g}{\phantom{A}}^{2+}][\mathrm{H}\mathrm{g}]}{[\mathrm{H}\mathrm{g}{\phantom{A}}_2{\phantom{A}}^{2+}]}$
<chem>Hg^2+ ->[I-] $\underset{\mathrm{red}}{\ce{HgI2}}$ ->[I-] $\underset{\mathrm{red}}{\ce{[Hg^{II}I4]^2-}}$</chem>

Physical Units (pu) (MathJax only, not for LaTeX/mhchem)

입력	출력
<chem>pu 123 kJ</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{k}\mathrm{J}$
<chem>pu 123 mm2</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}{\phantom{A}}_2$
<chem>pu 123 J s</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{J}\mathrm{s}$
<chem>pu 123 J*s</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{J}\cdot \mathrm{s}$
<chem>pu 123 kJ/mol</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{k}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}$
<chem>pu 123 kJ//mol</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{k}\mathrm{J}//\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}$
<chem>pu 123 kJ mol-1</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{k}\mathrm{J}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\text{-}1$
<chem>pu 123 kJ*mol-1</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}123\mathrm{k}\mathrm{J}\cdot \mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\text{-}1$
<chem>pu 1.2e3 kJ</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}1.2\mathrm{e}{\phantom{A}}_{3}k\mathrm{J}$
<chem>pu 1,2e3 kJ</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}1,2\mathrm{e}{\phantom{A}}_{3}k\mathrm{J}$
<chem>pu 1.2E3 kJ</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}1.2\mathrm{E}{\phantom{A}}_{3}k\mathrm{J}$
<chem>pu 1,2E3 kJ</chem>	$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}1,2\mathrm{E}{\phantom{A}}_{3}k\mathrm{J}$

Also see =

• https://mhchem.github.io/MathJax-mhchem/