History:14th century BC

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Short description: Century

The 14th century BC was the century that lasted from the year 1400 BC until 1301 BC.

Near East in 1400 BCE

Events

  • 1350 – 1250 BC: the Bajío phase of the San Lorenzo site in Mexico; large public buildings are constructed.[1]
  • Pastoral nomadism develops in the steppes of Central Asia; cattle are watched on horseback.[2]

Middle East and Africa

The northern Colossus of Memnon
  • 1400 – 1250 BC: the heyday of the Phoenician city of Ugarit.[3] A written alphabet is attested by Ugaritic texts.[4]
  • c. 1380 – 1336 BC: the reign of Šuppiluliuma I, who leads the Hittite Empire to its peak.[5] Šuppiluliuma I conquers the weakened Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni in the second half of the century. Assyria is emancipated under Ashur-uballit I.[6]
  • 1372 – 1350 BC: Akhetaton (Amarna) is constructed as the ephemeral capital of the pharaoh Akhenaten and dedicated to the sun god Aten. It is abandoned a few years after Akhenaten's death.[7]
  • c. 1325 BC: Pharaoh Tutankhamun dies and is buried in a richly furnished tomb in the Valley of the Kings.[5]
  • c. 1320 – 1295 BC: the sinking of the Uluburun shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea south of modern-day Kaş.[8]
  • Lycian pirates from southwest Anatolia raid the kingdom of Alashiya in Cyprus. They are employed as mercenaries by the Hittites and take part in the Battle of Kadesh.[9]
  • An Ugaritic patera, with its embossed decoration in concentric zones and hunting scenes, reveals an exceptional level in goldsmithing.[10]

Europe

  • c. 1400 – 1300 BC:
  • 1400 – 1370 BC: phase III A1 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.[15] Palaces are constructed in Tiryns and Pylos.[16] Linear B, which transcribes an archaic form of Greek, appears in the palace of Knossos at the end of Phase III A1 of the Late Minoan period.[17]
  • 1370 – 1340 BC: phase III A2 of the Late Helladic period in Greece.[15]
  • 1340 – 1190 BC: phase III B of the Late Helladic period in Greece.[15] Beehive tombs are constructed in Epirus and Thessaly,[18] and a palace is constructed in Athens.[19]
  • 1380 – 1120 BC: a Mycenaean sanctuary is built in Phylakopi.[16]
  • c. 1370 BC: the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus is created in Crete.[20]
  • c. 1350 – 1330 BC: the reconstruction of the palace and Cyclopean enclosure at Mycenae, then at its peak under the reign of the legendary king and queen Perseus and Andromeda.[21]

References

  1. ↑ Bricker, Victoria; Sabloff, Jeremy A. (2012). Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians. 1. University of Texas Press. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-292-74441-7. 
  2. ↑ Beaumont, Hervé (2008) (in fr). Asie centrale. Editions Marcus. p. 101. ISBN 978-2-7131-0228-8. 
  3. ↑ Papin, Yves Denis (1998) (in fr). Chronologie de l'histoire ancienne. Éditions Jean-paul Gisserot. p. 12. ISBN 978-2-87747-346-0. 
  4. ↑ Lalou, Frank (2016) (in fr). Les 22 clés de l'alphabet hébraïque. Desclée De Brouwer. p. 38. ISBN 978-2-220-02025-9. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Roux, Georges (1995) (in fr). La Mésopotamie. Seuil. p. 559. ISBN 978-2-02-008632-5. 
  6. ↑ Freu, Jacques; Mazoyer, Michel (2008) (in fr). L'apogée du nouvel empire hittite. L'Harmattan. p. 13. ISBN 978-2-296-21119-3. 
  7. ↑ Simpson, William Kelly (1998). The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt. Yale University Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-300-07747-6. 
  8. ↑ Fokkens, Harry; Harding, Anthony (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age. OUP Oxford. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-19-957286-1. 
  9. ↑ Demand, Nancy H. (2011). The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History. John Wiley & Sons. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-4443-4234-5. 
  10. ↑ Ottinger, Bénédicte (2002) (in fr). L'art et la chasse. Renaissance Du Livre. p. 12. ISBN 978-2-8046-0679-4. 
  11. ↑ Vivian, Robert (2005) (in fr). Les glaciers du Mont-Blanc. La Fontaine de Siloë. p. 20. ISBN 978-2-84206-285-9. 
  12. ↑ Baurain, Claude (1997) (in fr). Les Grecs et la Méditerranée orientale : des siècles "obscurs" à la fin de l'époque archaïque. Presses universitaires de France. p. 60. 
  13. ↑ Mossé, Claude; Schnapp-Gourbeillon, Annie (2009) (in fr). Précis d'histoire grecque. Armand Colin. p. 69. ISBN 978-2-200-28392-6. 
  14. ↑ Turfa, Jean MacIntosh (2014). The Etruscan World. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-134-05523-4. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Feuer, Bryan (2004). Mycenaean Civilization. McFarland. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7864-2698-0. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Poursat, Jean-Claude (2014) (in fr). La Grèce préclassique. Points. p. 49. ISBN 978-2-7578-4500-4. 
  17. ↑ Viers, Rina (2000) (in fr). Des signes pictographiques à l'alphabet : la communication écrite en Méditerranée : actes du colloque, 14 et 15 mai 1996, Villa grecque Kérylos, Fondation Théodore Reinach (Beaulieu-sur-mer). Karthala. p. 219. ISBN 978-2-86537-996-5. 
  18. ↑ Platon, Nicolas; de Tournay, Béatrice (1981) (in fr). La Civilisation égéenne : Le Bronze récent et la civilisation mycénienne. 2. Albin Michel. p. 382. ISBN 978-2-226-22522-1. 
  19. ↑ Étienne, Roland (2004) (in fr). Athènes, espaces urbains et histoire. Hachette Éducation. p. PT22. ISBN 978-2-01-181444-9. 
  20. ↑ Suter, Ann (2008). Lament. Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-971427-8. 
  21. ↑ Faure, Paul; Gaignerot, Marie-Jeanne (1991). Guide grec antique. Hachette Éducation Technique. p. PT65. ISBN 978-2-01-181766-2. 



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