History:List of countries by population in 1880

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This is a near-complete list of countries by population in 1880, based on territory they controlled at the time, not what they control today, therefore non-independent nations at the time are omitted from the list. Most estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in the year 1880. Some nations' populations are estimated linearly based on population years from before 1880 and after 1880. A few population figures are used from one year before/after 1880, due to being much more specific and reliable.

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Demographic history
Historical demography
World population estimates
List of Countries by Population
1850	1880	1900

Rank	Country/Territory	Population c. 1850 estimate	Percentage of World Population
—	earth	1,430,000,000	-
1	Template:Country data Qing dynasty	368,000,000	25.7%
2	British Empire constituents United Kingdom – 34,622,900 British Raj – ~252,389,793 Canada – 4,384,000 constituents Newfoundland and Labrador – ~192,255 British Ceylon – 3,021,000 Australia – 2,197,000 Template:Country data Gold Coast – ~1,007,140 Template:Country data Cape Colony – ~698,524 Jamaica – ~570,850 New Zealand – 520,000 Straits Settlements – ~411,855 constituents Singapore – ~134,990 Natal – ~401,234 Mauritius and Dependencies – ~373,074 Template:Country data British Guiana – ~245,540 British Windward Islands – ~208,525 constituents Barbados – ~170,925 Saint Lucia – ~37,600 Cyprus – ~184,468 Trinidad and Tobago – ~164,600 Hong Kong – ~156,142 British Leeward Islands – ~114,070 constituents Saint Kitts and Nevis – ~40,890 Antigua and Barbuda – ~35,120 Dominica – ~28,100 Montserrat – ~9,960 Bahamas – ~43,500 Template:Country data British Honduras – ~30,500 Gibraltar – ~18,400 Bermuda – ~14,360 Gambia – ~14,154 Saint Helena – ~5,210 Falkland Isands – ~1,500 Sierra Leone – ? Ascension – ? Tristan de Cunha – ?	~310,798,339	~21.7%
3	Russian Empire	97,700,000	6.8%
4	United States	50,189,000	3.5%
5	France (including colonies) constituents France – 39,045,000 French Algeria – 4,140,000 French Senegal – 1,194,940 Template:Country data French Cochinchina – >~866,862 French Gabon – 359,410 Guadeloupe – 192,700 Réunion – 180,800 Martinique – 166,100 French Guiana – 27,300 Comoros – ?	>~46,172,842	>~3.2%
6	German Empire	45,234,061	3.2%
7	Template:Country data Dutch Empire constituents Netherlands – 4,043,000 Dutch East Indies – 36,203,000 Surinam – ~69,550 Netherlands Antilles – 36,300	40,351,850	2.8%
8	Austria-Hungary constituents Austria – 21,900,000 Hungary – 15,700,000 Template:Country data Bohemia – 8,300,000	37,900,000	2.7%
9	Tokugawa Japan	35,929,000	2.5%
10	Kingdom of Italy	~28,200,000	~2%
11	Template:Country data Spanish Empire constituents Spain – 16,859,000 Philippines – 5,010,000 Template:Country data Spanish Empire – ~1,454,167 Template:Country data Spanish Empire – 754,300 Template:Country data Spanish Empire – ?	~24,077,467	~1.7%
12	Ottoman Empire	17,388,000	1.2%
13	Sokoto Caliphate	~16,260,000	~1.1%
14	Joseon Korea	14,610,000	1%
15	Đại Nam quốc	~13,901,688	~1%
16	Template:Country data Portuguese Empire constituents Portugal – 4,610,000 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~3,805,538 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~3,073,846 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~810,000 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~555,563 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~422,000 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – 99,300 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~67,367 Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~25,800	~13,469,414	~0.9%
17	Template:Country data Empire of Brazil	11,794,000	0.8%
18	Mexico	10,399,000	0.7%
19	Sublime State of Iran	8,880,000	0.6%
20	Ethiopian Empire (aka Abyssinia)	6,830,000	0.5%
21	Union between Sweden and Norway constituents Sweden – 4,572,000 Norway – 1,919,000	6,491,000	0.5%
22	Template:Country data Siam	~6,270,000	~0.4%
23	Belgium	5,541,000	0.4%
24	Kingdom of Nepal	~4,945,000	~0.3%
25	Template:Country data Wallachia	4,545,821	0.3%
26	Template:Country data Emirate of Afghanistan	4,420,000	0.3%
27	Konbaung dynasty (Burma)	~3,778,938	~0.3%
28	Sultanate of Zanzibar	~3,720,000	~0.3%
29	Morocco	3,489,150	0.2%
30	Peru	2,970,000	0.2%
31	Merina Kingdom	2,907,400	0.2%
32	Colombia	~2,880,500	~0.2%
33	Switzerland	2,839,000	0.2%
34	Argentina	2,490,000	0.2%
35	Emirate of Nejd (Second Saudi State)	~2,410,000	~0.2%
36	Chile	2,264,000	0.2%
37	Denmark (including colonies) constituents Denmark – 1,969,039 Iceland – 71,981 Greenland – 9,500 Faroe Islands – ?	~2,050,520	~0.1%
38	Venezuela	1,952,000	0.1%
39	Greece	1,679,470	0.1%
40	Guatemala	1,224,602
41	Ecuador	1,150,000
42	Bolivia	1,098,000
43	El Salvador	~518,600
44	Uruguay	464,000
45	Liberia	394,950
46	Honduras	307,000
47	Dominican Republic	300,000
48	Template:Country data Muscat	~275,500
49	Paraguay	264,000
50	Nicaragua	~249,250
51	Luxembourg	210,507
51	Costa Rica	203,800
52	Bhutan	~122,222
53	Liechtenstein	9,100
54	Monaco	~8,100
55	San Marino	~7,850
56	Andorra	6,000

Missing nations:

• Various Subsaharan African countries
• Brunei