List of Soviet computer systems

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This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means “electronic computing machine” (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

List of hardware

The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means “electronic computing machine” (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

Ministry of Radio Technology

Agat-9

Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology:[1]

  • Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone
  • ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone
  • ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible
  • M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers
  • Minsk (Минск)
  • Poisk (Поиск) — IBM PC-XT clone
  • Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer.
  • Strela (Стрела)
  • Ural (Урал) — mainframe series
  • Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц)

Ministry of Instrument Making

Iskra-1030

Computer systems from the Ministry of Instrument Making:[1]

  • Aragats (Арагац)
  • Iskra (Искра) — common name for many computers with different architecture
  • KVM-1 (КВМ-1)
  • SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) — most models were PDP-11 clones, while some others were HP 2100, VAX or Intel compatible

Ministry of the Electronics Industry

Computer systems from the Ministry of Electronics Industry:[1]

  • Elektronika (Электроника) family
    • DVK family (ДВК) — PDP-11 clones
    • Elektronika BK-0010 (БК-0010, БК-0011) — LSI-11 clone home computer
    • UKNC (УКНЦ) — educational, PDP11-like
    • Elektronika 60, Elektronika 100
    • Elektronika 85 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 350 (F11)
    • Elektronika 85.1 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 380 (J11)
    • Elektronika D3-28
    • Elektronika SS BIS (Электроника СС БИС) — Cray clone

Soviet Academy of Sciences

Besta running Bestix
  • BESM (БЭСМ) — series of mainframes
  • Besta (Беста) — Unix box, Motorola 68020-based, Sun-3 clone
  • Elbrus (Эльбрус) — high-end mainframe series
  • Kronos (Кронос)
  • MESM (МЭСМ) — first Soviet Union computer (1950)
  • M-1 — one of the earliest stored program computers (1950-1951)

ZX Spectrum clones

Hobbit
  • ATM Turbo
  • Dubna 48K - running at half the speed of the original
  • Hobbit
  • Pentagon
  • Radon 'Z'
  • Scorpion

Other

  • 5E** (5Э**) series - military computers
    • 5E51 (5Э51)
    • 5E53 (5Э53)
    • 5E76 (5Э76) - IBM/360 clone, military version
    • 5E92 (5Э92)
    • 5E92b (5Э92б)
  • A series — ES EVM-compatible military computers
  • Argon — a series of military real-time computers
  • AS-6 (АС-6) - multiprocessor computing complex, name is Russian abbreviation for "Connection Equipment - 6"
  • Dnepr (Днепр)
  • GVS-100 (ГВС-100, Гибридная Вичислителная Система) - Hybrid Computer System
  • Irisha (Ириша)
  • Juku (Юку) — Estonian school computer
  • Kiev (Киев)
  • Korvet (Корвет)
  • Krista (Криста)
  • Micro-80 (Микро-80) — experimental PC, based on 8080-compatible processor
  • Microsha (Микроша) — modification of Radio-86RK
  • MIR, МИР (:uk:ЕОМ "МИР-1", :uk:ЕОМ "МИР-2")
  • Nairi (Наири)
  • Orion-128 (Орион-128)
  • Promin (Проминь)
  • PS-2000, PS-3000 — multiprocessor supercomputers in the 1980s
  • Razdan (Раздан)
  • Radon — real-time computer, designed for anti-aircraft defense
  • Radio-86RK — simplified and modified version of Micro-80
  • Sneg[2] (Снег)
  • Specialist (Специалист)
  • SVS
  • TsUM-1 (ЦУМ-1)
  • TIA-MC-1 An arcade system
  • UM (УМ)
  • UT-88
  • Vesna and Sneg[2] — early mainframes

List of operating systems

  • For Kronos
  • For BESM
    • D-68 (Д-68, Диспетчер-68, Dispatcher-68)
    • DISPAK (“Диспетчер Пакетов,” Dispatcher of the Packets)
    • DUBNA (“ДУБНА”)
  • For ES EVM
    • DOS/ES (“Disk Operation system for ES EVM”)
    • OS/ES (“Disk Operation system for ES EVM”)
  • For SM EVM
    • RAFOS (РАФОС), FOBOS (ФОБОС) and FODOS (ФОДОС) — RT-11 clones
    • OSRV (ОСРВ) — RSX-11M clone, one of the most popular Soviet multi-user systems
    • DEMOS — BSD-based Unix-like; later was ported to x86 and some other architectures
    • INMOS (ИНМОС, Инструментальная мобильная операционная система)
  • For 8-bit microcomputers
    • MicroDOS (МикроДОС) — CP/M 2.2 clone
  • For ZX Spectrum clones
  • For different platforms
    • MISS (Multipurpose Interactive timeSharing System) - ES EVM ES1010, ES EVM ES1045, D3-28M, PC-compatible, etc.
  • MOS (operating system) - a Soviet clone of Unix in the 1980s

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Judy, Richard W.; Clough, Robert W. (1989). "Soviet Computers in the 1980s: A Review of the Hardware". Advances in Computers 29: 251–330. doi:10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60535-5. ISBN 9780120121298. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Электронные вычислительные машины "Весна" и "Снег".". Archived from the original on 2006-09-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20060901041711/http://www.computer-museum.ru/histussr/vesna.htm. 
  3. ↑ "Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting.". Archived from the original on 2010-08-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20100828085610/http://code.google.com/p/kronos/. 

External links



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