Short description : None
There are 230 space groups in three dimensions, given by a number index, and a full name in Hermann–Mauguin notation , and a short name (international short symbol). The long names are given with spaces for readability. The groups each have a point group of the unit cell.
Symbols
In Hermann–Mauguin notation , space groups are named by a symbol combining the point group identifier with the uppercase letters describing the lattice type . Translations within the lattice in the form of screw axes and glide planes are also noted, giving a complete crystallographic space group.
These are the Bravais lattices in three dimensions :
P primitive
I body-centered (from the German Innenzentriert )
F face-centered (from the German Flächenzentriert )
S base-centered (from the German Seitenflächenzentriert ), or specifically:
A centered on A faces only
B centered on B faces only
C centered on C faces only
R rhombohedral
A reflection plane m within the point groups can be replaced by a glide plane , labeled as a , b , or c depending on which axis the glide is along. There is also the n glide, which is a glide along the half of a diagonal of a face, and the d glide, which is along a quarter of either a face or space diagonal of the unit cell. The d glide is often called the diamond glide plane as it features in the diamond structure.
a , b , or c : glide translation along half the lattice vector of this face
n : glide translation along half the diagonal of this face
d : glide planes with translation along a quarter of a face diagonal
e : two glides with the same glide plane and translation along two (different) half-lattice vectors.[ note 1]
A gyration point can be replaced by a screw axis denoted by a number, n , where the angle of rotation is 3 6 0 ∘ n . The degree of translation is then added as a subscript showing how far along the axis the translation is, as a portion of the parallel lattice vector. For example, 21 is a 180° (twofold) rotation followed by a translation of 1 / 2 of the lattice vector. 31 is a 120° (threefold) rotation followed by a translation of 1 / 3 of the lattice vector. The possible screw axes are: 21 , 31 , 32 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , and 65 .
Wherever there is both a rotation or screw axis n and a mirror or glide plane m along the same crystallographic direction, they are represented as a fraction n m or n/m . For example, 41 /a means that the crystallographic axis in question contains both a 41 screw axis as well as a glide plane along a .
In Schoenflies notation , the symbol of a space group is represented by the symbol of corresponding point group with additional superscript. The superscript doesn't give any additional information about symmetry elements of the space group, but is instead related to the order in which Schoenflies derived the space groups. This is sometimes supplemented with a symbol of the form Γ x y which specifies the Bravais lattice. Here x ∈ { t , m , o , q , r h , h , c } is the lattice system, and y ∈ { ∅ , b , v , f } is the centering type.[ 2]
In Fedorov symbol , the type of space group is denoted as s (symmorphic ), h (hemisymmorphic ), or a (asymmorphic ). The number is related to the order in which Fedorov derived space groups. There are 73 symmorphic, 54 hemisymmorphic, and 103 asymmorphic space groups.
Symmorphic
The 73 symmorphic space groups can be obtained as combination of Bravais lattices with corresponding point group. These groups contain the same symmetry elements as the corresponding point groups. Example for point group 4/mmm (4 m 2 m 2 m ): the symmorphic space groups are P4/mmm (P 4 m 2 m 2 m , 36s ) and I4/mmm (I 4 m 2 m 2 m , 37s ).
Hemisymmorphic
The 54 hemisymmorphic space groups contain only axial combination of symmetry elements from the corresponding point groups. Example for point group 4/mmm (4 m 2 m 2 m ): hemisymmorphic space groups contain the axial combination 422, but at least one mirror plane m will be substituted with glide plane, for example P4/mcc (P 4 m 2 c 2 c , 35h ), P4/nbm (P 4 n 2 b 2 m , 36h ), P4/nnc (P 4 n 2 n 2 c , 37h ), and I4/mcm (I 4 m 2 c 2 m , 38h ).
Asymmorphic
The remaining 103 space groups are asymmorphic. Example for point group 4/mmm (4 m 2 m 2 m ): P4/mbm (P 4 m 2 1 b 2 m , 54a ), P42 /mmc (P 4 2 m 2 m 2 c , 60a ), I41 /acd (I 4 1 a 2 c 2 d , 58a ) - none of these groups contains the axial combination 422.
List of triclinic
Triclinic Bravais lattice
80px
List of monoclinic
Monoclinic Bravais lattice
Simple (P)
Base (S)
80px
80px
Monoclinic crystal system
Number
Point group
Orbifold
Short name
Full name(s)
Schoenflies
Fedorov
Shubnikov
Fibrifold (primary)
Fibrifold (secondary)
3
2
2 2
P2
P 1 2 1
P 1 1 2
Γ m C 2 1
3s
( b : ( c / a ) ) : 2
( 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 )
( * 0 * 0 )
4
P21
P 1 21 1
P 1 1 21
Γ m C 2 2
1a
( b : ( c / a ) ) : 2 1
( 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 )
( × ¯ × ¯ )
5
C2
C 1 2 1
B 1 1 2
Γ m b C 2 3
4s
( a + b 2 / b : ( c / a ) ) : 2
( 2 0 2 0 2 1 2 1 )
( * 1 * 1 ) , ( * × ¯ )
6
m
*
Pm
P 1 m 1
P 1 1 m
Γ m C s 1
5s
( b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ m
[ ∘ 0 ]
( * ⋅ * ⋅ )
7
Pc
P 1 c 1
P 1 1 b
Γ m C s 2
1h
( b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ c ~
( ∘ ¯ 0 )
( * : * : ) , ( × × 0 )
8
Cm
C 1 m 1
B 1 1 m
Γ m b C s 3
6s
( a + b 2 / b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ m
[ ∘ 1 ]
( * ⋅ * : ) , ( * ⋅ × )
9
Cc
C 1 c 1
B 1 1 b
Γ m b C s 4
2h
( a + b 2 / b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ c ~
( ∘ ¯ 1 )
( * : × ) , ( × × 1 )
10
2/m
2 *
P2/m
P 1 2/m 1
P 1 1 2/m
Γ m C 2 h 1
7s
( b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ m : 2
[ 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ]
( * 2 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 2 )
11
P21 /m
P 1 21 /m 1
P 1 1 21 /m
Γ m C 2 h 2
2a
( b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ m : 2 1
[ 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 ]
( 2 2 * ⋅ )
12
C2/m
C 1 2/m 1
B 1 1 2/m
Γ m b C 2 h 3
8s
( a + b 2 / b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ m : 2
[ 2 0 2 0 2 1 2 1 ]
( * 2 ⋅ 2 2 : 2 ) , ( 2 * ¯ 2 ⋅ 2 )
13
P2/c
P 1 2/c 1
P 1 1 2/b
Γ m C 2 h 4
3h
( b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ c ~ : 2
( 2 0 2 0 2 2 )
( * 2 : 2 2 : 2 ) , ( 2 2 * 0 )
14
P21 /c
P 1 21 /c 1
P 1 1 21 /b
Γ m C 2 h 5
3a
( b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ c ~ : 2 1
( 2 1 2 1 2 2 )
( 2 2 * : ) , ( 2 2 × )
15
C2/c
C 1 2/c 1
B 1 1 2/b
Γ m b C 2 h 6
4h
( a + b 2 / b : ( c / a ) ) ⋅ c ~ : 2
( 2 0 2 1 2 2 )
( 2 * ¯ 2 : 2 ) , ( 2 2 * 1 )
List of orthorhombic
Orthorhombic Bravais lattice
Simple (P)
Body (I)
Face (F)
Base (S)
80px
80px
80px
80px
Orthorhombic crystal system
Number
Point group
Orbifold
Short name
Full name
Schoenflies
Fedorov
Shubnikov
Fibrifold (primary)
Fibrifold (secondary)
16
222
2 2 2
P222
P 2 2 2
Γ o D 2 1
9s
( c : a : b ) : 2 : 2
( * 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 )
17
P2221
P 2 2 21
Γ o D 2 2
4a
( c : a : b ) : 2 1 : 2
( * 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 )
( 2 0 2 0 * )
18
P21 21 2
P 21 21 2
Γ o D 2 3
7a
( c : a : b ) : 2 16px 2 1
( 2 0 2 0 × ¯ )
( 2 1 2 1 * )
19
P21 21 21
P 21 21 21
Γ o D 2 4
8a
( c : a : b ) : 2 1 16px 2 1
( 2 1 2 1 × ¯ )
20
C2221
C 2 2 21
Γ o b D 2 5
5a
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : 2 1 : 2
( 2 1 * 2 1 2 1 )
( 2 0 2 1 * )
21
C222
C 2 2 2
Γ o b D 2 6
10s
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : 2 : 2
( 2 0 * 2 0 2 0 )
( * 2 0 2 0 2 1 2 1 )
22
F222
F 2 2 2
Γ o f D 2 7
12s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : 2 : 2
( * 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 )
23
I222
I 2 2 2
Γ o v D 2 8
11s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : 2 : 2
( 2 1 * 2 0 2 0 )
24
I21 21 21
I 21 21 21
Γ o v D 2 9
6a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : 2 : 2 1
( 2 0 * 2 1 2 1 )
25
mm2
* 2 2
Pmm2
P m m 2
Γ o C 2 v 1
13s
( c : a : b ) : m ⋅ 2
( * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 )
[ * 0 ⋅ * 0 ⋅ ]
26
Pmc21
P m c 21
Γ o C 2 v 2
9a
( c : a : b ) : c ~ ⋅ 2 1
( * ⋅ 2 : 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 )
( * ¯ ⋅ * ¯ ⋅ ) , [ × 0 × 0 ]
27
Pcc2
P c c 2
Γ o C 2 v 3
5h
( c : a : b ) : c ~ ⋅ 2
( * : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 )
( * ¯ 0 * ¯ 0 )
28
Pma2
P m a 2
Γ o C 2 v 4
6h
( c : a : b ) : a ~ ⋅ 2
( 2 0 2 0 * ⋅ )
[ * 0 : * 0 : ] , ( * ⋅ * 0 )
29
Pca21
P c a 21
Γ o C 2 v 5
11a
( c : a : b ) : a ~ ⋅ 2 1
( 2 1 2 1 * : )
( * ¯ : * ¯ : )
30
Pnc2
P n c 2
Γ o C 2 v 6
7h
( c : a : b ) : c ~ ⊙ 2
( 2 0 2 0 * : )
( * ¯ 1 * ¯ 1 ) , ( * 0 × 0 )
31
Pmn21
P m n 21
Γ o C 2 v 7
10a
( c : a : b ) : a c ~ ⋅ 2 1
( 2 1 2 1 * ⋅ )
( * ⋅ × ¯ ) , [ × 0 × 1 ]
32
Pba2
P b a 2
Γ o C 2 v 8
9h
( c : a : b ) : a ~ ⊙ 2
( 2 0 2 0 × 0 )
( * : * 0 )
33
Pna21
P n a 21
Γ o C 2 v 9
12a
( c : a : b ) : a ~ ⊙ 2 1
( 2 1 2 1 × )
( * : × ) , ( × × 1 )
34
Pnn2
P n n 2
Γ o C 2 v 1 0
8h
( c : a : b ) : a c ~ ⊙ 2
( 2 0 2 0 × 1 )
( * 0 × 1 )
35
Cmm2
C m m 2
Γ o b C 2 v 1 1
14s
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : m ⋅ 2
( 2 0 * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 )
[ * 0 ⋅ * 0 : ]
36
Cmc21
C m c 21
Γ o b C 2 v 1 2
13a
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : c ~ ⋅ 2 1
( 2 1 * ⋅ 2 : 2 )
( * ¯ ⋅ * ¯ : ) , [ × 1 × 1 ]
37
Ccc2
C c c 2
Γ o b C 2 v 1 3
10h
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : c ~ ⋅ 2
( 2 0 * : 2 : 2 )
( * ¯ 0 * ¯ 1 )
38
Amm2
A m m 2
Γ o b C 2 v 1 4
15s
( b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : m ⋅ 2
( * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 )
[ * 1 ⋅ * 1 ⋅ ] , [ * ⋅ × 0 ]
39
Aem2
A b m 2
Γ o b C 2 v 1 5
11h
( b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : m ⋅ 2 1
( * ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 )
[ * 1 : * 1 : ] , ( * ¯ ⋅ * ¯ 0 )
40
Ama2
A m a 2
Γ o b C 2 v 1 6
12h
( b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : a ~ ⋅ 2
( 2 0 2 1 * ⋅ )
( * ⋅ * 1 ) , [ * : × 1 ]
41
Aea2
A b a 2
Γ o b C 2 v 1 7
13h
( b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : a ~ ⋅ 2 1
( 2 0 2 1 * : )
( * : * 1 ) , ( * ¯ : * ¯ 1 )
42
Fmm2
F m m 2
Γ o f C 2 v 1 8
17s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : m ⋅ 2
( * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 )
[ * 1 ⋅ * 1 : ]
43
Fdd2
F d d 2
Γ o f C 2 v 1 9
16h
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : c : a : b ) : 1 2 a c ~ ⊙ 2
( 2 0 2 1 × )
( * 1 × )
44
Imm2
I m m 2
Γ o v C 2 v 2 0
16s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : m ⋅ 2
( 2 1 * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 )
[ * ⋅ × 1 ]
45
Iba2
I b a 2
Γ o v C 2 v 2 1
15h
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : c ~ ⋅ 2
( 2 1 * : 2 : 2 )
( * ¯ : * ¯ 0 )
46
Ima2
I m a 2
Γ o v C 2 v 2 2
14h
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) : a ~ ⋅ 2
( 2 0 * ⋅ 2 : 2 )
( * ¯ ⋅ * ¯ 1 ) , [ * : × 0 ]
47
2 m 2 m 2 m
* 2 2 2
Pmmm
P 2/m 2/m 2/m
Γ o D 2 h 1
18s
( c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⋅ m
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ]
48
Pnnn
P 2/n 2/n 2/n
Γ o D 2 h 2
19h
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a b ~ : 2 ⊙ a c ~
( 2 * ¯ 1 2 0 2 0 )
49
Pccm
P 2/c 2/c 2/m
Γ o D 2 h 3
17h
( c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⋅ c ~
[ * : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 ]
( * 2 0 2 0 2 ⋅ 2 )
50
Pban
P 2/b 2/a 2/n
Γ o D 2 h 4
18h
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a b ~ : 2 ⊙ a ~
( 2 * ¯ 0 2 0 2 0 )
( * 2 0 2 0 2 : 2 )
51
Pmma
P 21 /m 2/m 2/a
Γ o D 2 h 5
14a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 ⋅ m
[ 2 0 2 0 * ⋅ ]
[ * ⋅ 2 : 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 ] , [ * 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ]
52
Pnna
P 2/n 21 /n 2/a
Γ o D 2 h 6
17a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 ⊙ a c ~
( 2 0 2 * ¯ 1 )
( 2 0 * 2 : 2 ) , ( 2 * ¯ 2 1 2 1 )
53
Pmna
P 2/m 2/n 21 /a
Γ o D 2 h 7
15a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 1 ⋅ a c ~
[ 2 0 2 0 * : ]
( * 2 1 2 1 2 ⋅ 2 ) , ( 2 0 * 2 ⋅ 2 )
54
Pcca
P 21 /c 2/c 2/a
Γ o D 2 h 8
16a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 ⋅ c ~
( 2 0 2 * ¯ 0 )
( * 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 ) , ( * 2 1 2 1 2 : 2 )
55
Pbam
P 21 /b 21 /a 2/m
Γ o D 2 h 9
22a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⊙ a ~
[ 2 0 2 0 × 0 ]
( * 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 ⋅ 2 )
56
Pccn
P 21 /c 21 /c 2/n
Γ o D 2 h 1 0
27a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a b ~ : 2 ⋅ c ~
( 2 * ¯ : 2 : 2 )
( 2 1 2 * ¯ 0 )
57
Pbcm
P 2/b 21 /c 21 /m
Γ o D 2 h 1 1
23a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 1 ⊙ c ~
( 2 0 2 * ¯ ⋅ )
( * 2 : 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 ) , [ 2 1 2 1 * : ]
58
Pnnm
P 21 /n 21 /n 2/m
Γ o D 2 h 1 2
25a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⊙ a c ~
[ 2 0 2 0 × 1 ]
( 2 1 * 2 ⋅ 2 )
59
Pmmn
P 21 /m 21 /m 2/n
Γ o D 2 h 1 3
24a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a b ~ : 2 ⋅ m
( 2 * ¯ ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 )
[ 2 1 2 1 * ⋅ ]
60
Pbcn
P 21 /b 2/c 21 /n
Γ o D 2 h 1 4
26a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a b ~ : 2 1 ⊙ c ~
( 2 0 2 * ¯ : )
( 2 1 * 2 : 2 ) , ( 2 1 2 * ¯ 1 )
61
Pbca
P 21 /b 21 /c 21 /a
Γ o D 2 h 1 5
29a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 1 ⊙ c ~
( 2 1 2 * ¯ : )
62
Pnma
P 21 /n 21 /m 21 /a
Γ o D 2 h 1 6
28a
( c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 1 ⊙ m
( 2 1 2 * ¯ ⋅ )
( 2 * ¯ ⋅ 2 : 2 ) , [ 2 1 2 1 × ]
63
Cmcm
C 2/m 2/c 21 /m
Γ o b D 2 h 1 7
18a
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 1 ⋅ c ~
[ 2 0 2 1 * ⋅ ]
( * 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 ) , [ 2 1 * ⋅ 2 : 2 ]
64
Cmce
C 2/m 2/c 21 /a
Γ o b D 2 h 1 8
19a
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 1 ⋅ c ~
[ 2 0 2 1 * : ]
( * 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 ) , ( * 2 1 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 )
65
Cmmm
C 2/m 2/m 2/m
Γ o b D 2 h 1 9
19s
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⋅ m
[ 2 0 * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ]
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 ]
66
Cccm
C 2/c 2/c 2/m
Γ o b D 2 h 2 0
20h
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⋅ c ~
[ 2 0 * : 2 : 2 ]
( * 2 0 2 1 2 ⋅ 2 )
67
Cmme
C 2/m 2/m 2/e
Γ o b D 2 h 2 1
21h
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 ⋅ m
( * 2 0 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 )
[ * ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 ]
68
Ccce
C 2/c 2/c 2/e
Γ o b D 2 h 2 2
22h
( a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 ⋅ c ~
( * 2 0 2 : 2 : 2 )
( * 2 0 2 1 2 : 2 )
69
Fmmm
F 2/m 2/m 2/m
Γ o f D 2 h 2 3
21s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⋅ m
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 ]
70
Fddd
F 2/d 2/d 2/d
Γ o f D 2 h 2 4
24h
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : c : a : b ) ⋅ 1 2 a b ~ : 2 ⊙ 1 2 a c ~
( 2 * ¯ 2 0 2 1 )
71
Immm
I 2/m 2/m 2/m
Γ o v D 2 h 2 5
20s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⋅ m
[ 2 1 * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ]
72
Ibam
I 2/b 2/a 2/m
Γ o v D 2 h 2 6
23h
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) ⋅ m : 2 ⋅ c ~
[ 2 1 * : 2 : 2 ]
( * 2 0 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 )
73
Ibca
I 2/b 2/c 2/a
Γ o v D 2 h 2 7
21a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 ⋅ c ~
( * 2 1 2 : 2 : 2 )
74
Imma
I 2/m 2/m 2/a
Γ o v D 2 h 2 8
20a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : b ) ⋅ a ~ : 2 ⋅ m
( * 2 1 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 )
[ 2 0 * ⋅ 2 : 2 ]
List of tetragonal
Tetragonal Bravais lattice
Simple (P)
Body (I)
80px
80px
Tetragonal crystal system
Number
Point group
Orbifold
Short name
Full name
Schoenflies
Fedorov
Shubnikov
Fibrifold
75
4
4 4
P4
P 4
Γ q C 4 1
22s
( c : a : a ) : 4
( 4 0 4 0 2 0 )
76
P41
P 41
Γ q C 4 2
30a
( c : a : a ) : 4 1
( 4 1 4 1 2 1 )
77
P42
P 42
Γ q C 4 3
33a
( c : a : a ) : 4 2
( 4 2 4 2 2 0 )
78
P43
P 43
Γ q C 4 4
31a
( c : a : a ) : 4 3
( 4 1 4 1 2 1 )
79
I4
I 4
Γ q v C 4 5
23s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4
( 4 2 4 0 2 1 )
80
I41
I 41
Γ q v C 4 6
32a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 1
( 4 3 4 1 2 0 )
81
4
2 ×
P4
P 4
Γ q S 4 1
26s
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~
( 4 4 2 0 )
82
I4
I 4
Γ q v S 4 2
27s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 ~
( 4 4 2 1 )
83
4/m
4 *
P4/m
P 4/m
Γ q C 4 h 1
28s
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4
[ 4 0 4 0 2 0 ]
84
P42 /m
P 42 /m
Γ q C 4 h 2
41a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 2
[ 4 2 4 2 2 0 ]
85
P4/n
P 4/n
Γ q C 4 h 3
29h
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4
( 4 4 0 2 )
86
P42 /n
P 42 /n
Γ q C 4 h 4
42a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 2
( 4 4 2 2 )
87
I4/m
I 4/m
Γ q v C 4 h 5
29s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4
[ 4 2 4 0 2 1 ]
88
I41 /a
I 41 /a
Γ q v C 4 h 6
40a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) ⋅ a ~ : 4 1
( 4 4 1 2 )
89
422
2 2 4
P422
P 4 2 2
Γ q D 4 1
30s
( c : a : a ) : 4 : 2
( * 4 0 4 0 2 0 )
90
P421 2
P421 2
Γ q D 4 2
43a
( c : a : a ) : 4 16px 2 1
( 4 0 * 2 0 )
91
P41 22
P 41 2 2
Γ q D 4 3
44a
( c : a : a ) : 4 1 : 2
( * 4 1 4 1 2 1 )
92
P41 21 2
P 41 21 2
Γ q D 4 4
48a
( c : a : a ) : 4 1 16px 2 1
( 4 1 * 2 1 )
93
P42 22
P 42 2 2
Γ q D 4 5
47a
( c : a : a ) : 4 2 : 2
( * 4 2 4 2 2 0 )
94
P42 21 2
P 42 21 2
Γ q D 4 6
50a
( c : a : a ) : 4 2 16px 2 1
( 4 2 * 2 0 )
95
P43 22
P 43 2 2
Γ q D 4 7
45a
( c : a : a ) : 4 3 : 2
( * 4 1 4 1 2 1 )
96
P43 21 2
P 43 21 2
Γ q D 4 8
49a
( c : a : a ) : 4 3 16px 2 1
( 4 1 * 2 1 )
97
I422
I 4 2 2
Γ q v D 4 9
31s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 : 2
( * 4 2 4 0 2 1 )
98
I41 22
I 41 2 2
Γ q v D 4 1 0
46a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 : 2 1
( * 4 3 4 1 2 0 )
99
4mm
* 4 4
P4mm
P 4 m m
Γ q C 4 v 1
24s
( c : a : a ) : 4 ⋅ m
( * ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 )
100
P4bm
P 4 b m
Γ q C 4 v 2
26h
( c : a : a ) : 4 ⊙ a ~
( 4 0 * ⋅ 2 )
101
P42 cm
P 42 c m
Γ q C 4 v 3
37a
( c : a : a ) : 4 2 ⋅ c ~
( * : 4 ⋅ 4 : 2 )
102
P42 nm
P 42 n m
Γ q C 4 v 4
38a
( c : a : a ) : 4 2 ⊙ a c ~
( 4 2 * ⋅ 2 )
103
P4cc
P 4 c c
Γ q C 4 v 5
25h
( c : a : a ) : 4 ⋅ c ~
( * : 4 : 4 : 2 )
104
P4nc
P 4 n c
Γ q C 4 v 6
27h
( c : a : a ) : 4 ⊙ a c ~
( 4 0 * : 2 )
105
P42 mc
P 42 m c
Γ q C 4 v 7
36a
( c : a : a ) : 4 2 ⋅ m
( * ⋅ 4 : 4 ⋅ 2 )
106
P42 bc
P 42 b c
Γ q C 4 v 8
39a
( c : a : a ) : 4 ⊙ a ~
( 4 2 * : 2 )
107
I4mm
I 4 m m
Γ q v C 4 v 9
25s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 ⋅ m
( * ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 : 2 )
108
I4cm
I 4 c m
Γ q v C 4 v 1 0
28h
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 ⋅ c ~
( * ⋅ 4 : 4 : 2 )
109
I41 md
I 41 m d
Γ q v C 4 v 1 1
34a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 1 ⊙ m
( 4 1 * ⋅ 2 )
110
I41 cd
I 41 c d
Γ q v C 4 v 1 2
35a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 1 ⊙ c ~
( 4 1 * : 2 )
111
4 2m
2 * 2
P4 2m
P 4 2 m
Γ q D 2 d 1
32s
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ : 2
( * 4 ⋅ 4 2 0 )
112
P4 2c
P 4 2 c
Γ q D 2 d 2
30h
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ 16px 2
( * 4 : 4 2 0 )
113
P4 21 m
P 4 21 m
Γ q D 2 d 3
52a
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⋅ a b ~
( 4 * ¯ ⋅ 2 )
114
P4 21 c
P 4 21 c
Γ q D 2 d 4
53a
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⋅ a b c ~
( 4 * ¯ : 2 )
115
P4 m2
P 4 m 2
Γ q D 2 d 5
33s
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⋅ m
( * ⋅ 4 4 ⋅ 2 )
116
P4 c2
P 4 c 2
Γ q D 2 d 6
31h
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⋅ c ~
( * : 4 4 : 2 )
117
P4 b2
P 4 b 2
Γ q D 2 d 7
32h
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⊙ a ~
( 4 * ¯ 0 2 0 )
118
P4 n2
P 4 n 2
Γ q D 2 d 8
33h
( c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⋅ a c ~
( 4 * ¯ 1 2 0 )
119
I4 m2
I 4 m 2
Γ q v D 2 d 9
35s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⋅ m
( * 4 ⋅ 4 2 1 )
120
I4 c2
I 4 c 2
Γ q v D 2 d 1 0
34h
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⋅ c ~
( * 4 : 4 2 1 )
121
I4 2m
I 4 2 m
Γ q v D 2 d 1 1
34s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 ~ : 2
( * ⋅ 4 4 : 2 )
122
I4 2d
I 4 2 d
Γ q v D 2 d 1 2
51a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) : 4 ~ ⊙ 1 2 a b c ~
( 4 * ¯ 2 1 )
123
4/m 2/m 2/m
* 2 2 4
P4/mmm
P 4/m 2/m 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 1
36s
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 ⋅ m
[ * ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 ]
124
P4/mcc
P 4/m 2/c 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 2
35h
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 ⋅ c ~
[ * : 4 : 4 : 2 ]
125
P4/nbm
P 4/n 2/b 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 3
36h
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 ⊙ a ~
( * 4 0 4 ⋅ 2 )
126
P4/nnc
P 4/n 2/n 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 4
37h
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 ⊙ a c ~
( * 4 0 4 : 2 )
127
P4/mbm
P 4/m 21 /b 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 5
54a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 ⊙ a ~
[ 4 0 * ⋅ 2 ]
128
P4/mnc
P 4/m 21 /n 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 6
56a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 ⊙ a c ~
[ 4 0 * : 2 ]
129
P4/nmm
P 4/n 21 /m 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 7
55a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 ⋅ m
( * 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 )
130
P4/ncc
P 4/n 21 /c 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 8
57a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 ⋅ c ~
( * 4 : 4 : 2 )
131
P42 /mmc
P 42 /m 2/m 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 9
60a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 2 ⋅ m
[ * ⋅ 4 : 4 ⋅ 2 ]
132
P42 /mcm
P 42 /m 2/c 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 1 0
61a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 2 ⋅ c ~
[ * : 4 ⋅ 4 : 2 ]
133
P42 /nbc
P 42 /n 2/b 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 1 1
63a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 2 ⊙ a ~
( * 4 2 4 : 2 )
134
P42 /nnm
P 42 /n 2/n 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 1 2
62a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 2 ⊙ a c ~
( * 4 2 4 ⋅ 2 )
135
P42 /mbc
P 42 /m 21 /b 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 1 3
66a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 2 ⊙ a ~
[ 4 2 * : 2 ]
136
P42 /mnm
P 42 /m 21 /n 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 1 4
65a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 2 ⊙ a c ~
[ 4 2 * ⋅ 2 ]
137
P42 /nmc
P 42 /n 21 /m 2/c
Γ q D 4 h 1 5
67a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 2 ⋅ m
( * 4 ⋅ 4 : 2 )
138
P42 /ncm
P 42 /n 21 /c 2/m
Γ q D 4 h 1 6
65a
( c : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ : 4 2 ⋅ c ~
( * 4 : 4 ⋅ 2 )
139
I4/mmm
I 4/m 2/m 2/m
Γ q v D 4 h 1 7
37s
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 ⋅ m
[ * ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 : 2 ]
140
I4/mcm
I 4/m 2/c 2/m
Γ q v D 4 h 1 8
38h
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) ⋅ m : 4 ⋅ c ~
[ * ⋅ 4 : 4 : 2 ]
141
I41 /amd
I 41 /a 2/m 2/d
Γ q v D 4 h 1 9
59a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) ⋅ a ~ : 4 1 ⊙ m
( * 4 1 4 ⋅ 2 )
142
I41 /acd
I 41 /a 2/c 2/d
Γ q v D 4 h 2 0
58a
( a + b + c 2 / c : a : a ) ⋅ a ~ : 4 1 ⊙ c ~
( * 4 1 4 : 2 )
List of trigonal
Trigonal Bravais lattice
Rhombohedral (R)
Hexagonal (P)
100px
100px
Trigonal crystal system
Number
Point group
Orbifold
Short name
Full name
Schoenflies
Fedorov
Shubnikov
Fibrifold
143
3
3 3
P3
P 3
Γ h C 3 1
38s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 3
( 3 0 3 0 3 0 )
144
P31
P 31
Γ h C 3 2
68a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 3 1
( 3 1 3 1 3 1 )
145
P32
P 32
Γ h C 3 3
69a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 3 2
( 3 1 3 1 3 1 )
146
R3
R 3
Γ r h C 3 4
39s
( a / a / a ) / 3
( 3 0 3 1 3 2 )
147
3
3 ×
P3
P 3
Γ h C 3 i 1
51s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 6 ~
( 6 3 0 2 )
148
R3
R 3
Γ r h C 3 i 2
52s
( a / a / a ) / 6 ~
( 6 3 1 2 )
149
32
2 2 3
P312
P 3 1 2
Γ h D 3 1
45s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 2 : 3
( * 3 0 3 0 3 0 )
150
P321
P 3 2 1
Γ h D 3 2
44s
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 3
( 3 0 * 3 0 )
151
P31 12
P 31 1 2
Γ h D 3 3
72a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 2 : 3 1
( * 3 1 3 1 3 1 )
152
P31 21
P 31 2 1
Γ h D 3 4
70a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 3 1
( 3 1 * 3 1 )
153
P32 12
P 32 1 2
Γ h D 3 5
73a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 2 : 3 2
( * 3 1 3 1 3 1 )
154
P32 21
P 32 2 1
Γ h D 3 6
71a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 3 2
( 3 1 * 3 1 )
155
R32
R 3 2
Γ r h D 3 7
46s
( a / a / a ) / 3 : 2
( * 3 0 3 1 3 2 )
156
3m
* 3 3
P3m1
P 3 m 1
Γ h C 3 v 1
40s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : m ⋅ 3
( * ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 )
157
P31m
P 3 1 m
Γ h C 3 v 2
41s
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m ⋅ 3
( 3 0 * ⋅ 3 )
158
P3c1
P 3 c 1
Γ h C 3 v 3
39h
( c : ( a / a ) ) : c ~ : 3
( * : 3 : 3 : 3 )
159
P31c
P 3 1 c
Γ h C 3 v 4
40h
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ c ~ : 3
( 3 0 * : 3 )
160
R3m
R 3 m
Γ r h C 3 v 5
42s
( a / a / a ) / 3 ⋅ m
( 3 1 * ⋅ 3 )
161
R3c
R 3 c
Γ r h C 3 v 6
41h
( a / a / a ) / 3 ⋅ c ~
( 3 1 * : 3 )
162
3 2/m
2 * 3
P3 1m
P 3 1 2/m
Γ h D 3 d 1
56s
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m ⋅ 6 ~
( * ⋅ 6 3 0 2 )
163
P3 1c
P 3 1 2/c
Γ h D 3 d 2
46h
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ c ~ ⋅ 6 ~
( * : 6 3 0 2 )
164
P3 m1
P 3 2/m 1
Γ h D 3 d 3
55s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : m ⋅ 6 ~
( * 6 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 )
165
P3 c1
P 3 2/c 1
Γ h D 3 d 4
45h
( c : ( a / a ) ) : c ~ ⋅ 6 ~
( * 6 : 3 : 2 )
166
R3 m
R 3 2/m
Γ r h D 3 d 5
57s
( a / a / a ) / 6 ~ ⋅ m
( * ⋅ 6 3 1 2 )
167
R3 c
R 3 2/c
Γ r h D 3 d 6
47h
( a / a / a ) / 6 ~ ⋅ c ~
( * : 6 3 1 2 )
List of hexagonal
Hexagonal Bravais lattice
80px
Hexagonal crystal system
Number
Point group
Orbifold
Short name
Full name
Schoenflies
Fedorov
Shubnikov
Fibrifold
168
6
6 6
P6
P 6
Γ h C 6 1
49s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 6
( 6 0 3 0 2 0 )
169
P61
P 61
Γ h C 6 2
74a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 6 1
( 6 1 3 1 2 1 )
170
P65
P 65
Γ h C 6 3
75a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 6 5
( 6 1 3 1 2 1 )
171
P62
P 62
Γ h C 6 4
76a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 6 2
( 6 2 3 2 2 0 )
172
P64
P 64
Γ h C 6 5
77a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 6 4
( 6 2 3 2 2 0 )
173
P63
P 63
Γ h C 6 6
78a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 6 3
( 6 3 3 0 2 1 )
174
6
3 *
P6
P 6
Γ h C 3 h 1
43s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : 3 : m
[ 3 0 3 0 3 0 ]
175
6/m
6 *
P6/m
P 6/m
Γ h C 6 h 1
53s
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 6
[ 6 0 3 0 2 0 ]
176
P63 /m
P 63 /m
Γ h C 6 h 2
81a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 6 3
[ 6 3 3 0 2 1 ]
177
622
2 2 6
P622
P 6 2 2
Γ h D 6 1
54s
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 6
( * 6 0 3 0 2 0 )
178
P61 22
P 61 2 2
Γ h D 6 2
82a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 6 1
( * 6 1 3 1 2 1 )
179
P65 22
P 65 2 2
Γ h D 6 3
83a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 6 5
( * 6 1 3 1 2 1 )
180
P62 22
P 62 2 2
Γ h D 6 4
84a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 6 2
( * 6 2 3 2 2 0 )
181
P64 22
P 64 2 2
Γ h D 6 5
85a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 6 4
( * 6 2 3 2 2 0 )
182
P63 22
P 63 2 2
Γ h D 6 6
86a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ 2 : 6 3
( * 6 3 3 0 2 1 )
183
6mm
* 6 6
P6mm
P 6 m m
Γ h C 6 v 1
50s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : m ⋅ 6
( * ⋅ 6 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 )
184
P6cc
P 6 c c
Γ h C 6 v 2
44h
( c : ( a / a ) ) : c ~ ⋅ 6
( * : 6 : 3 : 2 )
185
P63 cm
P 63 c m
Γ h C 6 v 3
80a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : c ~ ⋅ 6 3
( * ⋅ 6 : 3 : 2 )
186
P63 mc
P 63 m c
Γ h C 6 v 4
79a
( c : ( a / a ) ) : m ⋅ 6 3
( * : 6 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 )
187
6 m2
* 2 2 3
P6 m2
P 6 m 2
Γ h D 3 h 1
48s
( c : ( a / a ) ) : m ⋅ 3 : m
[ * ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ]
188
P6 c2
P 6 c 2
Γ h D 3 h 2
43h
( c : ( a / a ) ) : c ~ ⋅ 3 : m
[ * : 3 : 3 : 3 ]
189
P6 2m
P 6 2 m
Γ h D 3 h 3
47s
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 3 ⋅ m
[ 3 0 * ⋅ 3 ]
190
P6 2c
P 6 2 c
Γ h D 3 h 4
42h
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 3 ⋅ c ~
[ 3 0 * : 3 ]
191
6/m 2/m 2/m
* 2 2 6
P6/mmm
P 6/m 2/m 2/m
Γ h D 6 h 1
58s
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 6 ⋅ m
[ * ⋅ 6 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ]
192
P6/mcc
P 6/m 2/c 2/c
Γ h D 6 h 2
48h
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 6 ⋅ c ~
[ * : 6 : 3 : 2 ]
193
P63 /mcm
P 63 /m 2/c 2/m
Γ h D 6 h 3
87a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 6 3 ⋅ c ~
[ * ⋅ 6 : 3 : 2 ]
194
P63 /mmc
P 63 /m 2/m 2/c
Γ h D 6 h 4
88a
( c : ( a / a ) ) ⋅ m : 6 3 ⋅ m
[ * : 6 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ]
List of cubic
Cubic Bravais lattice
Simple (P)
Body centered (I)
Face centered (F)
100px
100px
100px
Cubic crystal system
Number
Point group
Orbifold
Short name
Full name
Schoenflies
Fedorov
Shubnikov
Conway
Fibrifold (preserving z )
Fibrifold (preserving x , y , z )
195
23
3 3 2
P23
P 2 3
Γ c T 1
59s
( a : a : a ) : 2 / 3
2 ∘
( * 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ) : 3
196
F23
F 2 3
Γ c f T 2
61s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 2 / 3
1 ∘
( * 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 ) : 3
197
I23
I 2 3
Γ c v T 3
60s
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) : 2 / 3
4 ∘ ∘
( 2 1 * 2 0 2 0 ) : 3
( 2 1 * 2 0 2 0 ) : 3
198
P21 3
P 21 3
Γ c T 4
89a
( a : a : a ) : 2 1 / 3
1 ∘ / 4
( 2 1 2 1 × ¯ ) : 3
( 2 1 2 1 × ¯ ) : 3
199
I21 3
I 21 3
Γ c v T 5
90a
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) : 2 1 / 3
2 ∘ / 4
( 2 0 * 2 1 2 1 ) : 3
( 2 0 * 2 1 2 1 ) : 3
200
2/m 3
3 * 2
Pm3
P 2/m 3
Γ c T h 1
62s
( a : a : a ) ⋅ m / 6 ~
4 −
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ] : 3
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ] : 3
201
Pn3
P 2/n 3
Γ c T h 2
49h
( a : a : a ) ⋅ a b ~ / 6 ~
4 ∘ +
( 2 * ¯ 1 2 0 2 0 ) : 3
( 2 * ¯ 1 2 0 2 0 ) : 3
202
Fm3
F 2/m 3
Γ c f T h 3
64s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) ⋅ m / 6 ~
2 −
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 ] : 3
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 ] : 3
203
Fd3
F 2/d 3
Γ c f T h 4
50h
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) ⋅ 1 2 a b ~ / 6 ~
2 ∘ +
( 2 * ¯ 2 0 2 1 ) : 3
( 2 * ¯ 2 0 2 1 ) : 3
204
Im3
I 2/m 3
Γ c v T h 5
63s
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) ⋅ m / 6 ~
8 − ∘
[ 2 1 * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ] : 3
[ 2 1 * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ] : 3
205
Pa3
P 21 /a 3
Γ c T h 6
91a
( a : a : a ) ⋅ a ~ / 6 ~
2 − / 4
( 2 1 2 * ¯ : ) : 3
( 2 1 2 * ¯ : ) : 3
206
Ia3
I 21 /a 3
Γ c v T h 7
92a
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) ⋅ a ~ / 6 ~
4 − / 4
( * 2 1 2 : 2 : 2 ) : 3
( * 2 1 2 : 2 : 2 ) : 3
207
432
4 3 2
P432
P 4 3 2
Γ c O 1
68s
( a : a : a ) : 4 / 3
4 ∘ −
( * 4 0 4 0 2 0 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
208
P42 32
P 42 3 2
Γ c O 2
98a
( a : a : a ) : 4 2 / / 3
4 +
( * 4 2 4 2 2 0 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
209
F432
F 4 3 2
Γ c f O 3
70s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 / 3
2 ∘ −
( * 4 2 4 0 2 1 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 ) : 6
210
F41 32
F 41 3 2
Γ c f O 4
97a
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 1 / / 3
2 +
( * 4 3 4 1 2 0 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 ) : 6
211
I432
I 4 3 2
Γ c v O 5
69s
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) : 4 / 3
8 + ∘
( 4 2 4 0 2 1 ) : 3
( 2 1 * 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
212
P43 32
P 43 3 2
Γ c O 6
94a
( a : a : a ) : 4 3 / / 3
2 + / 4
( 4 1 * 2 1 ) : 3
( 2 1 2 1 × ¯ ) : 6
213
P41 32
P 41 3 2
Γ c O 7
95a
( a : a : a ) : 4 1 / / 3
2 + / 4
( 4 1 * 2 1 ) : 3
( 2 1 2 1 × ¯ ) : 6
214
I41 32
I 41 3 2
Γ c v O 8
96a
( a + b + c 2 / : a : a : a ) : 4 1 / / 3
4 + / 4
( * 4 3 4 1 2 0 ) : 3
( 2 0 * 2 1 2 1 ) : 6
215
4 3m
* 3 3 2
P4 3m
P 4 3 m
Γ c T d 1
65s
( a : a : a ) : 4 ~ / 3
2 ∘ : 2
( * 4 ⋅ 4 2 0 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
216
F4 3m
F 4 3 m
Γ c f T d 2
67s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 ~ / 3
1 ∘ : 2
( * 4 ⋅ 4 2 1 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 ) : 6
217
I4 3m
I 4 3 m
Γ c v T d 3
66s
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) : 4 ~ / 3
4 ∘ : 2
( * ⋅ 4 4 : 2 ) : 3
( 2 1 * 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
218
P4 3n
P 4 3 n
Γ c T d 4
51h
( a : a : a ) : 4 ~ / / 3
4 ∘
( * 4 : 4 2 0 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
219
F4 3c
F 4 3 c
Γ c f T d 5
52h
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 ~ / / 3
2 ∘ ∘
( * 4 : 4 2 1 ) : 3
( * 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 1 ) : 6
220
I4 3d
I 4 3 d
Γ c v T d 6
93a
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) : 4 ~ / / 3
4 ∘ / 4
( 4 * ¯ 2 1 ) : 3
( 2 0 * 2 1 2 1 ) : 6
221
4/m 3 2/m
* 4 3 2
Pm3 m
P 4/m 3 2/m
Γ c O h 1
71s
( a : a : a ) : 4 / 6 ~ ⋅ m
4 − : 2
[ * ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 ] : 3
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ] : 6
222
Pn3 n
P 4/n 3 2/n
Γ c O h 2
53h
( a : a : a ) : 4 / 6 ~ ⋅ a b c ~
8 ∘ ∘
( * 4 0 4 : 2 ) : 3
( 2 * ¯ 1 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
223
Pm3 n
P 42 /m 3 2/n
Γ c O h 3
102a
( a : a : a ) : 4 2 / / 6 ~ ⋅ a b c ~
8 ∘
[ * ⋅ 4 : 4 ⋅ 2 ] : 3
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ] : 6
224
Pn3 m
P 42 /n 3 2/m
Γ c O h 4
103a
( a : a : a ) : 4 2 / / 6 ~ ⋅ m
4 + : 2
( * 4 2 4 ⋅ 2 ) : 3
( 2 * ¯ 1 2 0 2 0 ) : 6
225
Fm3 m
F 4/m 3 2/m
Γ c f O h 5
73s
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 / 6 ~ ⋅ m
2 − : 2
[ * ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 : 2 ] : 3
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 ] : 6
226
Fm3 c
F 4/m 3 2/c
Γ c f O h 6
54h
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 / 6 ~ ⋅ c ~
4 − −
[ * ⋅ 4 : 4 : 2 ] : 3
[ * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 : 2 : 2 ] : 6
227
Fd3 m
F 41 /d 3 2/m
Γ c f O h 7
100a
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 1 / / 6 ~ ⋅ m
2 + : 2
( * 4 1 4 ⋅ 2 ) : 3
( 2 * ¯ 2 0 2 1 ) : 6
228
Fd3 c
F 41 /d 3 2/c
Γ c f O h 8
101a
( a + c 2 / b + c 2 / a + b 2 : a : a : a ) : 4 1 / / 6 ~ ⋅ c ~
4 + +
( * 4 1 4 : 2 ) : 3
( 2 * ¯ 2 0 2 1 ) : 6
229
Im3 m
I 4/m 3 2/m
Γ c v O h 9
72s
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) : 4 / 6 ~ ⋅ m
8 ∘ : 2
[ * ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 : 2 ] : 3
[ 2 1 * ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ] : 6
230
Ia3 d
I 41 /a 3 2/d
Γ c v O h 1 0
99a
( a + b + c 2 / a : a : a ) : 4 1 / / 6 ~ ⋅ 1 2 a b c ~
8 ∘ / 4
( * 4 1 4 : 2 ) : 3
( * 2 1 2 : 2 : 2 ) : 6
Notes
↑ The symbol e was introduced by the IUCR in 1992. Prior to this, the space groups Aem2 (No. 39), Aea2 (No. 41), Cmce (No. 64), Cmme (No. 67), and Ccce (No. 68) were known as Abm2 (No. 39), Aba2 (No. 41), Cmca (No. 64), Cmma (No. 67), and Ccca (No. 68) respectively. Historical literature may refer to the old names, but their meaning is unchanged.[ 1]
References
↑ de Wolff, P. M.; Billiet, Y.; Donnay, J. D. H.; Fischer, W.; Galiulin, R. B.; Glazer, A. M.; Hahn, T.; Senechal, M. et al . (1992-09-01). "Symbols for symmetry elements and symmetry operations. Final report of the IUCr Ad-Hoc Committee on the Nomenclature of Symmetry". Acta Crystallographica Section A 48 (5): 727–732. doi :10.1107/s0108767392003428 . ISSN 0108-7673 . Bibcode : 1992AcCrA..48..727D .
↑ Bradley, C. J.; Cracknell, A. P. (2010). The mathematical theory of symmetry in solids: representation theory for point groups and space groups . Oxford New York: Clarendon Press. pp. 127–134. ISBN 978-0-19-958258-7 . OCLC 859155300 .
External links
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of space groups. Read more