Manipuri MIL

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Short description: Meitei language in education
"Manipuri (Modern Indian Language)" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Modern Manipuri language or Manipuri languages.

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Manipuri MIL (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ.), or MIL Manipuri (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ), or simply Manipuri (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ), is an academic discipline and educational assessment (examination paper) that focuses on the study of Meitei language (officially known as "Manipuri") and literature, as an MIL (Modern Indian Language, or Major Indian Language),[1][2] either in Meitei script, or Bengali script, or Roman script.[3] It is taught at the secondary and higher secondary levels, in the Indian states of Manipur,[4][5] Assam,[6][7] Tripura[8][9] and Mizoram.[10][11] It is also taught in the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), under subject codes, 111[12][13] and 011.[14] For undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, it is taught in various universities, including Manipur University,[15][16] Manipur University of Culture,[17][18] Delhi University,[19][20] Assam University,[21] Gauhati University,[22][23] Indira Gandhi National Open University,[24] and Rabindranath Tagore University.[25]

Affiliations

In the Indian education system, the Manipuri MIL syllabus is prescribed by the following educational boards:

  • Board of Secondary Education, Manipur (BOSEM/BSEM): Secondary level (Classes IX–X).[26][27][28]
  • Council of Higher Secondary Education, Manipur (COHSEM): Higher secondary level (Classes XI–XII).[29][30][31]

In other state education boards

A cover of a 2017 Manipuri (Modern Indian Language) examination question paper

Manipuri (Meitei) is offered as a Modern Indian Language (MIL) by several state education boards and councils outside Manipur. This provision shows the presence of Manipuri-speaking communities in neighbouring states, particularly Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura. The subject is incorporated into the curriculum in accordance with the academic policies and language provisions of the respective state boards and councils.

Assam

Further information: Meitei language in Assam

Manipuri is offered as a Modern Indian Language under the Board of Secondary Education Assam (SEBA),[32][33][34] the Assam State School Education Board (ASSEB)[35][36][37] and Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC),[38][39] which administer the state's school curriculum. The prescribed syllabus consists of a single paper carrying 100 marks. The curriculum includes prose, poetry, grammar, and composition. The prescribed textbook is Anouba Manipuri Wareng–Sheireng (MIL Course), published by the board.[40][41]

The examination pattern generally allocates marks across literary texts and language components, with additional reading sections that may include topics such as environmental awareness, natural disasters, adolescence education, and value education. Students are required to obtain the minimum passing marks prescribed by the board under its examination regulations.[40][41]

Mizoram Board of School Education (MBSE)

The Mizoram Board of School Education (MBSE) provides Manipuri as a language option,[42][43] for students belonging to minority linguistic communities. At the secondary level (Classes IX–X), students may choose Manipuri as an alternative language subject, subject to the board's curriculum and eligibility provisions.[44][45][46][47]

At the Higher Secondary level (Classes XI–XII), students are required to study prescribed language subjects in accordance with MBSE regulations. Manipuri is available as one of the language options where permitted under the applicable curriculum and subject combinations. The syllabus and examination pattern are prescribed by MBSE through its official curriculum and examination guidelines.[48]

Tripura

Further information: Meitei language in Tripura

The Directorate of Kokborok and Other Minority Languages, of the Government of Tripura, includes Manipuri among the language subjects available to eligible students in areas where there is demand for instruction in the language. From class 1st to 8th level, Manipuri is offered as a language subject of OML (Other Minority Languages), in accordance with the board's curriculum and subject regulations. The examination typically consists of a written theory component together with an internal assessment, following the marking scheme prescribed by the directorate. The script used for teaching and assessment may vary according to the curriculum, prescribed textbooks, and directorate notifications applicable during a particular academic session. In practice, educational institutions serving Manipuri-speaking communities have used materials in the Bengali script, based on the relevant academic and administrative guidelines. There are ongoing procedures to convert the writing system from Bengali to Meitei Mayek script.[49][9]

Curriculum

Manipuri MIL is assessed through a written examination carrying 100 marks.[30][31] The syllabus is generally organized into four major components:

  • Prose: Essays, short stories, biographical writings, and historical or literary prose by Meitei authors.[30][31]
  • Poetry: Classical and modern poems studied for their literary features, themes, and cultural significance.[30][31]
  • Drama: Dramatic works and plays reflecting social, historical, and cultural themes.[30][31]
  • Grammar and Composition: Language skills including grammar, vocabulary, sentence construction, reading comprehension, précis writing, summaries, amplification, and composition.[30][31]

Assessment

A cover of a 2022 Manipuri (Modern Indian Language) examination question paper

The examination in Manipur evaluates students across different cognitive levels. The prescribed assessment framework allocates marks approximately as follows:

  • 20% for knowledge and recall.[30][31]
  • 50% for comprehension and interpretation.[30][31]
  • 30% for application, analysis, and written expression.[30][31]

Question papers typically include a combination of long-answer questions, short-answer questions, and multiple-choice questions (MCQs).[30][31]

Script

Further information: Meitei script movement; Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup; Manipur Official Language Act, 1979; and Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation

The Meitei language was historically written in the indigenous Meitei Mayek script. During the eighteenth century, the Bengali (Eastern Nagari) script became the principal writing system for the language.[50]

Since the early twenty-first century, the Government of Manipur has implemented a phased reintroduction of Meitei Mayek in the school curriculum. As a result, the educational boards have progressively adopted the 27-letter Meitei Mayek alphabet as the prescribed script,[50] for Manipuri MIL examinations. The use of the Bengali script for school-level board examinations has consequently been phased out.[3][51][52]

In 2024, Assam Government approved the educational usage of Meitei Mayek (MM) in the state.[53]

The officially recognized twenty seven letters of the Meitei script which are used in the modern education of Manipuri MIL as "Meetei Mayek (MM)"

COHSEM script rules

For Council of Higher Secondary Education, Manipur (COHSEM) private candidates, the script used for the Manipuri MIL paper depends on the year of passing the HSLC Examination. Candidates who passed the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur (BOSEM) HSLC Examination in 2015 or later and offered Manipuri as MIL are required to write the Higher Secondary Examination in Meitei (Meetei) script. Candidates who passed before 2015, when Manipuri was commonly offered in Bengali script, are instead required to appear in Alternative English in place of the Manipuri MIL paper. These provisions apply from the Higher Secondary Examinations of 2025 for admission-related MIL regulations and from the 2026 Higher Secondary Examination for the script-related provision concerning private candidates.[3]

Subject opting rules

Under the Council of Higher Secondary Education, Manipur (COHSEM), Manipuri is one of the recognized Modern Indian Languages (MIL) that may be offered in Higher Secondary classes (XI–XII). Students who passed the HSLC Examination under the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur (BOSEM) and whose mother tongue is Manipuri are ordinarily required to continue offering Manipuri as their MIL in Higher Secondary education. BOSEM students who previously studied another community language as MIL may change to Manipuri upon producing a valid caste certificate. Students from other Boards or Councils may also opt for Manipuri (in Meitei script) as their MIL in Classes XI–XII, including those who previously studied Alternative English or a different language, subject to the Council's regulations.[3]

Students who studied Elementary Manipuri (Roman Script) in the HSLC Examination are permitted to offer Alternative English instead of an MIL in Higher Secondary education. Likewise, students from outside Boards or Councils who did not study any of the recognized MIL subjects, or who studied a different language, may choose either Manipuri (where available in the admitting institution) or Alternative English in accordance with the prescribed eligibility conditions.[3]

See also

  • State Level Committee for declaration of Manipuri Language as Classical Language of India
  • Modern Meitei language
  • Medieval Meitei language
  • Ancient Meitei language
  • Meitei grammar
  • Meitei proverbs
  • Meitei philosophy
  • Meitei mythology
  • Meitei folklore

References

  1. ↑ Caturvedī, Māṇika Govinda., Satvir Singh. Third All-India Educational Survey: Languages and Media of Instruction in Indian Schools. India: National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), 1981. p. 23–42.
  2. ↑ Sharma, Nand Lal. Manipuri Grammar. India: R.K. Book Agency, 1987. p. xxiii. "Manipuri is a subject of general and advanced studies from the Pre-University to the Undergraduate levels functioning as MIL (Major Indian Language), general course and SL (Second Language) advanced course. ..."
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "MIL Scheme 2025". p. 2. https://www.cohsem.nic.in/docs/Notice/Mil_scheme2025.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Survey of School Textbooks in India, 1969-70. India: New Delhi, 1971. p. 21, 30, 102.
  5. ↑ "Bodies decide making Manipuri compulsory in Secondary Schools : 10th may09 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=31..100509.may09. "... Manipuri subject, which deserves to be made a compulsory MIL subject, Additional and Alternative English have been introduced in schools and secondary schools under the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur and Council of Higher Secondary Education, Manipur while asserting that the subject deserves to be opted by students (Meitei and Meitei-Pangal) who use the language as their mother tongue." 
  6. ↑ Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988) (in en). Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization. Mittal Publications. pp. 311. ISBN 978-81-7099-853-2. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA311&dq=manipuri+mil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFnf-1p9CVAxUgcfUHHbOXIegQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=manipuri%20mil&f=false. 
  7. ↑ PTI (2023-03-17). "Assam paper leak: Exams for Modern Indian Language subjects rescheduled to April 1" (in en-US). https://theprint.in/india/assam-paper-leak-exams-for-modern-indian-language-subjects-rescheduled-to-april-1/1450930/. 
  8. ↑ "Tripura Govt urged to recruit Manipuri teachers : 22nd aug25 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=35..220825.aug25. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Manipuri". https://kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-12/Manipuri.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "MBSE Releases Timetable For HSSLC, HSLC Board Exam 2026". https://www.telegraphindia.com/edugraph/news/mizoram-board-of-school-education-announces-board-exam-2026-dates-for-class-10-and-12-check-schedule-here/cid/2128981. 
  11. ↑ Today, India. "Mizoram Board Exam 2026: HSSLC, HSLC timetable released; check details here" (in en). https://bestcolleges.indiatoday.in/news-detail/mizoram-board-exam-2026-hsslc-hslc-timetable-released-check-details-here-6058. 
  12. ↑ "Manipuri (Subject Code 111) | Background/Rationale | Learning Objectives | Course Structure | Course Contents | Chapters | Scheme of Question Paper | Guidelines for Internal Assessment | Prescribed Textbooks". https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain26/SrSec/Manipuri_SrSec_2025-26.pdf. 
  13. ↑ "Manipuri Senior Secondary (Code 111) | Syllabus | Question Paper Design | XI & XII" (in mni, en). https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain22/SrSec/Manipuri_SrSec_2021-22.pdf. 
  14. ↑ "Manipuri Senior Secondary (Code 011) | Syllabus | Question Paper Design | XI & XII" (in mni, en). https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain22/termwise/SrSecondary/Manipuri_2021-22.pdf. 
  15. ↑ "National Education Policy | MIL Manipuri | Syllabus". https://www.manipurcollege.ac.in/downloads/2022-Syllabus/NEP_Manipuri_2022_Syllabus.pdf. 
  16. ↑ "Academic – WMG College". https://wmgcollege.ac.in/academic/. "... only the under graduate Programme is offered, the college is affiliated to the Manipur University. ... MIL Manipuri or General English in the first and second semester." 
  17. ↑ "MUC - Manipur University of Culture". https://muc.ac.in/dept_english.html. "BA in Tribal Studies (BTS) is a three years degree course divided in six semester system. In every semester there are three core papers on Tribal Studies and three compulsory papers on English, Culture Studies and MIL (Manipuri)/Elective English..." 
  18. ↑ "MUC - Manipur University of Culture". https://muc.ac.in/dept_tribal_studies.html. "... In every semester there are three core papers on Tribal Studies and three compulsory papers on English, Culture Studies and MIL (Manipuri)/Elective English..." 
  19. ↑ "Annexure". Department of Modern Indian Languages & Literary Studies | University of Delhi. https://www.du.ac.in/uploads/new-web/25102023_MIL.pdf. 
  20. ↑ "Core Courses (MIL)". https://www.du.ac.in/uploads/RevisedSyllabi1/Annexure-154.%20(Assamese,%20Gujarati,%20Kannada,%20%20Malayalam,%20Manipuri,%20Marathi,%20Odia%20Papers%20for%20UG%20Courses).pdf. 
  21. ↑ "Satya Ranjan College, Kalain". https://srcollege.ac.in/manipuri.html. "... The Department of Manipuri runs its academic course of BA Pass course (MIL & ELECTIVE MANIPURI) in semester mode and follows the grading system introduced by Assam University, Silchar in the CBCS (Choice Based Credit System) mode from the academic year 2018-2019. ..." 
  22. ↑ "Programs, GU - MIL" (in en-US). Assam: Gauhati University. https://syllabus.gauhati.ac.in/fyugp/streams/arts/MIL#h.crhe098rf2dv. 
  23. ↑ "MANIPURI (REGULAR COURSE) CBCS (Gauhati University)". https://lankamahavidyalaya.in/upload/dept_syllabus/1685003990.pdf. 
  24. ↑ ANI (2023-02-16). "Kashmiri language introduced by IGNOU at under graduate level" (in en-US). ThePrint. https://theprint.in/india/kashmiri-language-introduced-by-ignou-at-under-graduate-level/1375099/. 
  25. ↑ "AECC Manipuri MIL Syllabus 1st and 3rd Semester 2025". https://rtuassam.ac.in/upload/syllabuss/1756289913.pdf. 
  26. ↑ "BSEM responsible for declining students' interest in MIL Manipuri: DESAM : 01st feb13 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=29..010213.feb13. 
  27. ↑ "Curriculum and Syllabus". http://www.bsem.nic.in/documents/IX-X.pdf. 
  28. ↑ "Addl English to do away from BSEM curriculum : 22nd mar13 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=1..220313.mar13. 
  29. ↑ "Welcome to Council of Higher Secondary Education, Manipur". https://www.cohsem.nic.in/exams.html. 
  30. ↑ 30.00 30.01 30.02 30.03 30.04 30.05 30.06 30.07 30.08 30.09 "Manipuri MIL | Complete Syllabus" (in mni, en). https://www.cohsem.nic.in/docs/subjects/07_Manipuri_MIL.pdf. 
  31. ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 "Design of Question Paper | Instructions: Internal Assessment | Manipuri MIL" (in mni, en). https://cohsem.nic.in/docs/questionDesign/MAN.pdf. 
  32. ↑ Dutta, Tarun (2018-01-01). "Manipuri Medium Secondary Schools in Assam" (in en). Education of Marginalised Community: Issues, Policies and Its Implementations in North East India. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 200–211. ISBN 978-93-86682-38-3. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-rdoEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA206. 
  33. ↑ PTI (2023-03-17). "Entire exam system will be analysed, rectified: Assam minister after back-to-back paper leaks" (in en). https://assamtribune.com/assam/entire-exam-system-will-be-analysed-rectified-assam-minister-after-back-to-back-paper-leaks-1467402. 
  34. ↑ Mondal, Bellal Hossain (2024-01-09). "SEBA Class 10 Manipuri (MIL) Syllabus 2023-2024 PDF Download" (in en-US). https://trickassam.com/seba-class-10-manipuri-mil-syllabus/. 
  35. ↑ "ASSEB Releases Exam Schedule For HSLC Compartmental Exam 2025" (in en). https://www.guwahatiplus.com/assam/asseb-releases-exam-schedule-for-hslc-compartmental-exam-2025. 
  36. ↑ "Assam Board 2026 Exams: HSLC, HS date sheets released, exams begin in February" (in en). 2025-11-19. https://indianexpress.com/article/education/assam-board-2026-exams-hslc-matric-class-10th-hs-class-12th-exam-dates-announced-10374000/. 
  37. ↑ "Assam State School Education Board" (in en-US). https://education.indianexpress.com/boards-exam/seba-board-pattern. 
  38. ↑ "HS 2nd Year Syllabus, session 2025-26". https://ahsec.assam.gov.in/index.php/hs-2nd-year-syllabus-25-26/. 
  39. ↑ "AHSEC withdraws Alternative English from MIL group from 2021-22 academic session" (in en). 2021-08-09. https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/ahsec-withdraws-alternative-english-from-mil-group-from-2021-22-academic-session-549990. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Manipuri (MIL) | Syllabus for Higher Secondary First Year Course" (in mni, en). Assam State School Education Board (ASSEB), Guwahati. https://ahsec.assam.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Manipuri-MIL-New.pdf. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Manipuri (MIL) | Syllabus for Higher Secondary Second Year Course" (in mni, en). Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC), Guwahati. https://ahsec.assam.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2-Manipuri.pdf. 
  42. ↑ "HSLC Exam Routine". https://www.mbse.edu.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/HSLC-2026-Exam-Routine.pdf. 
  43. ↑ "Mizoram Board HSSLC, HSLC 2026 Datesheet: MBSE Class 10th exams from Feb 19, Class 12th from Feb 9" (in en). 2025-10-23. https://indianexpress.com/article/education/mizoram-board-hsslc-hslc-2026-datesheet-out-pdf-here-mbse-edu-in-10321957/. 
  44. ↑ "High School Curriculum". pp. 90–93. https://www.mbse.edu.in/mbseadmin/pdf/HS-Curriculum.pdf. 
  45. ↑ "MBSE Notice for HSSLC 2024/HSLC 2025". https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/mbse-notice-for-hsslc-2024hslc-20241730783839. 
  46. ↑ "MBSE Board Exam 2022: Mizoram 10th, 12th annual exam date released, check schedule here". The Times of India. 2023-03-27. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/mbse-board-exam-2022-mizoram-10th-12th-annual-exam-date-released-check-schedule-here/articleshow/88384336.cms. 
  47. ↑ "Mizoram Board Exam 2026: HSSLC, HSLC datesheet Out, Exam From Feb 9" (in en). 2025-10-22. https://www.timesnownews.com/education/mizoram-board-exam-2026-mbse-hsslc-hslc-datesheet-out-exam-from-february-9-education-news-article-153035341. 
  48. ↑ "Higher Secondary School Curriculum". p. 5. https://mbse.edu.in/mbseadmin/pdf/HSS_CURRICULUM_2013.pdf. 
  49. ↑ "Minutes of the Advisory Committee for Development of Manipuri Language". https://kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/Minutes%20of%20the%20Advisory%20Committee%20for%20Development%20of%20Manipuri%20Language%20%2831-10-2023%29.pdf. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Ray, Sohini (2009). "Writing the Body: Cosmology, Orthography, and Fragments of Modernity in Northeastern India". Anthropological Quarterly 82 (1): 129–154. ISSN 0003-5491. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25488260. 
  51. ↑ "DESAM accuses Govt of neglecting Meitei Mayek" (in en). https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/3/1/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Feb-29-Student-body-DESAM-has-blamed-the-State-Government-for-not-paying-proper-attention-to-the-Manipuri-script-or-Meitei-Mayek-Speaking-to-media-persons-at-their-Kw.amp.html. 
  52. ↑ Admin, IT Web (2014-11-02). "Meetei Mayek Workshop" (in en-US). https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/meetei-mayek-workshop/. 
  53. ↑ "Assam Govt approves Meetei Mayek (MM) in educational institutions : 12th mar24 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=25..120324.mar24. 



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