Medicine:Anterior vertebral body tethering

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Short description: Scoliosis treatment

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Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) is a relatively new surgery for the treatment of scoliosis[1] in pediatric patients.[2] Left untreated, severe scoliosis can worsen and eventually affect a person's lungs and heart.[3][4][5]

History

In the 1950s and 1960s, doctors began experimenting with a technique called spinal fusion to straighten the spine and prevent long-term health consequences of curvatures. Fusion surgery in children employs pedicle screws[6] and metal rods to correct the curve. Improvements to fusion techniques have been made over the years, and it remains the standard of care today.[7] However, fusion has drawbacks,[8] and pioneers in the field of pediatric orthopedics and neurosurgery have introduced AVBT as a minimally invasive alternative.[9]

New developments

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the compassionate use of AVBT in August 2019[citation needed] for a small population of patients.[10] VBT uses a strong, flexible tether that is attached to screws embedded in the spine. It is important to have the surgery while the child or teen is still growing because the tether is meant to gradually change the severity of the curve as growth occurs. In addition to realigning the spine, the main benefit of VBT is that flexibility is maintained. The word "anterior" is connected with this technique because it can be done through the front or side of the chest wall (rather than the back)[2] via a number of small incisions that typically heal quickly with proper post-surgical care. The ideal candidate has a severe curve that cannot be corrected with bracing and a Sanders Score (which measures skeletal maturity) of 3-4.[11]

Procedure and healing process

This procedure is considered an in-patient surgery under general anesthesia with hospital stays that typically last several days.[11] AVBT may not be covered by health care insurance;[12] nevertheless several state-of-the-art US health systems (Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Mayo Clinic, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Texas Children's Hospital and University of Missouri Health Care) offer it as an alternative to fusion for a small number of patients through the FDA's humanitarian device exemption (HDE) pathway.[13][failed verification] Most patients are eventually able to return to sports and other physical activities that require spinal flexibility.[14]

References

  1. ↑ "Scoliosis". https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jain, Viral V. (20 October 2020). "A New Scoliosis Treatment: Vertebral Body Tethering". https://blog.cincinnatichildrens.org/research-and-discoveries/a-new-scoliosis-treatment-vertebral-body-tethering/. 
  3. ↑ Template:Cite youtube
  4. ↑ Baker, Courtney E.; Milbrandt, Todd A.; Larson, A. Noelle (April 2021). "Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Early Results and Future Directions". The Orthopedic Clinics of North America 52 (2): 137–147. doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2021.01.003. PMID 33752835. 
  5. ↑ "Zimmer Biomet's Innovative Treatment for Young Patients with Scoliosis Receives FDA Approval" (Press release). Zimmer Biomet Holdings. August 16, 2019.
  6. ↑ "Spinal fusion - series—Pedicle screw: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" (in en). https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_6.htm. 
  7. ↑ Miyanji, Firoz; Pawelek, Jeff; Nasto, Luigi A.; Rushton, Paul; Simmonds, Andrea; Parent, Stefan (December 2020). "Safety and efficacy of anterior vertebral body tethering in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis". The Bone & Joint Journal 102-B (12): 1703–1708. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.102B12.BJJ-2020-0426.R1. PMID 33249889. 
  8. ↑ Template:Cite youtube
  9. ↑ "Joint SRS/POSNA Position Statement on Payor Coverage for Anterior Fusionless Scoliosis Technologies for Immature Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis" (PDF) (Press release). 2 April 2020.
  10. ↑ "FDA Executive Summary Prepared for the Spring 2021, Meeting of the FDA's Pediatric Advisory Committee: H190005 The Tether™ – Vertebral Body Tethering System". 2021. https://www.fda.gov/media/147902/download. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Samdani, Amer F.; Ames, Robert J.; Kimball, Jeff S.; Pahys, Joshua M.; Grewal, Harsh; Pelletier, Glenn J.; Betz, Randal R. (September 2014). "Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering for Idiopathic Scoliosis: Two-Year Results" (in en). Spine 39 (20): 1688–1693. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000472. PMID 24921854. https://pediatricscoliosissurgery.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Anterior-Vertebral-Body-Tethering-for-Idiopathic-14.pdf. 
  12. ↑ Template:Cite youtube
  13. ↑ "Scoliosis Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Shriners Children's" (in en). https://www.shrinerschildrens.org/en/pediatric-care/scoliosis. 
  14. ↑ "VBT Procedure Corrects Scoliosis, Helps Wrestler Get Back on the Mat.". 23 January 2019. https://www.muhealth.org/our-stories/vbt-procedure-corrects-scoliosis-helps-wrestler-get-back-mat. 



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