Medicine:Congenital hepatic fibrosis

Congenital hepatic fibrosis
Congenital hepatic fibrosis has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
Specialty	Gasteroenterology

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is an inherited fibrocystic liver disease associated with proliferation of interlobular bile ducts within the portal areas and fibrosis that do not alter hepatic lobular architecture. The fibrosis would affect resistance in portal veins leading to portal hypertension.

Cause

The condition is usually congenital, but sporadic cases have also been reported. It may be associated with other congenital defects, commonly with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, the most severe form of PKD. Some suggest that these two conditions are one disorder with different presentation.

Mechanism

Embryogenically, congenital hepatic fibrosis is due to malformation of the duct plate, a round structure appearing in the eighth week of gestation that is formed by primitive hepatocytes, which differentiate into cholangiocytes. Congenital hepatic fibrosis usually presents in adolescent or young adulthood, but onset of signs and symptoms can range from early childhood through mid-life. Clinical features may vary but commonly include cholangitis, hepatomegaly and signs of portal hypertension.

Diagnosis

Liver biopsy is diagnostic. In biopsy there is diffuse periportal and perilobular fibrosis in broad bands, containing distorted duct like structure or microcyst formation.

Management

Management includes control of esophageal bleeding/varices and treatment of associated renal disease if present.

See also

• Caroli disease
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Von Meyenburg complex
• Biliary hamartomas

External links

Classification	D
External resources	eMedicine: ped/459

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Overview