Medicine:Mastoidectomy
| Mastoidectomy | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | otolaryngology |
A mastoidectomy is a procedure performed to remove the mastoid air cells,[1] air bubbles in the skull, near the inner ears. This can be done as part of treatment for mastoiditis, chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma.[2] In addition, it is sometimes performed as part of other procedures (cochlear implant) or for access to the middle ear. There are classically 5 different types of mastoidectomy:[citation needed]
- Radical
- Removal of posterior and superior canal wall, meatoplasty and exteriorisation of middle ear.
- Canal wall down
- Removal of posterior and superior canal wall, meatoplasty. Tympanic membrane left in place.
- Canal wall up
- Posterior and superior canal wall are kept intact. A facial recess approach is taken.
- Cortical
- (Also known as schwartze procedure) - Removal of Mastoid air cells is undertaken without affecting the middle ear. This is typically done for mastoiditis
- Modified radical
- This is confusing because it is typically described as a radical mastoidectomy while maintaining the posterior and superior canal wall which reminds the reader of the Canal Wall Up Mastoidectomy. However, the difference is historical. Modified radical mastoidectomy typically refers to Bondy's procedure which involves treating disease affecting only the epitympanum. Diseased areas as well as portions of the adjacent superior and posterior canal are simply exteriorised without affecting the uninvolved middle ear. The structures are preserved to reconstruct hearing mechanism at the time of surgery or in second-stage operation.
In Radical and Modified Mastoidectomy the mastoid and middle ear cavities are exteriorized so as not to give the chance for the infection or the cholesteatoma to spread into the middle cranial fossa. Since the cavities are exteriorized, further inspection and cleaning could be done regularly.[citation needed]
Since the development of endoscopic transcanal ear surgery pioneered by Professor Tarabichi[3] there has been a significant decrease in the use of this procedure.
References
- ↑ "Mastoidectomy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" (in en). https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003016.htm. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ↑ Kennedy, KL; Lin, JW (2021). Mastoidectomy. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559153/.
- ↑ Kapadiya, Mustafa; Tarabichi, Muaaz (June 2019). "An overview of endoscopic ear surgery in 2018" (in en). Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 4 (3): 365–373. doi:10.1002/lio2.276. ISSN 2378-8038. PMID 31236473.
Further reading
- "Myringoplasty with and without Cortical Mastoidectomy in Treatment of Non-cholesteatomatous Chronic Otitis Media: A Comparative Study". Clinical Medicine Insights. Ear, Nose and Throat 7: 19–23. 2014. doi:10.4137/CMENT.S17980. PMID 25187749.
- "Using autogenous mastoid cortical bone cap to cover the mastoidectomy defect during cochlear implantation". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 79 (3): 419–22. March 2015. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.01.006. PMID 25631936.
- "Usefulness of cortical mastoidectomy in myringoplasty". Otology & Neurotology 33 (4): 604–9. June 2012. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31825368f2. PMID 22588236.
- "Atticotomy, Attic Reconstruction, Tympanoplasty with or Without Ossiculoplasty, Canal Plasty and Cortical Mastoidectomy as Part of Intact Canal Wall Technique for Attic Cholesteatoma". Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 67 (2): 128–31. June 2015. doi:10.1007/s12070-015-0821-z. PMID 26075165.
- Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. (4th ed.). St Louis, Mo: Mosby. 2005. pp. 3019–20.
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